2022-2023学年上海市上海民办南模中学高三下学期3月测评英语试题

II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.SciencejournalsbanlistingofChatGPTasco-authoronpapersThepublishersofthousandsofscientificjournalshavebannedorrestrictedcontributors'useofanadvancedAI-drivenchatbotamidtheconcerns(21)_________itcouldpepperacademicliteraturewithflawedandevenfabricatedresearch.ChatGPT,afluentbutflakychatbotdevelopedbyOpenAIinCalifornia,hasimpressedordistressedmorethanamillionhumanusersbyrattlingoutpoems,shortstories,essaysandevenpersonaladvicesinceitslaunchinNovember.(22)_________thechatbothasprovedahugesourceoffun-itstakeonhowtofreeapeanutbuttersandwichfromaVCR,inthestyleoftheKingJamesBible,isonenotablehit-theprogramcanalsoproducefakescientificabstractsthatareconvincingenoughtofoolhumanreviewers.ChatGPT'smorelegitimateusesinarticlepreparationhavealreadyledtoit(23)_________(credit)asaco-authoronahandfulorpapers.ThesuddenarrivalofChatGPThaspromotedascramblepublishedtorespond.OnThursday,HoldenThorp,theeditor-in-chiefoftheleadingUSjournalScience,announcedanupdatededitorialpolicy,banningtheuseoftextfromChatGPTandclarifyingthattheprogramcouldnotbelistedasanauthor."Giventhefrenzythathasbuiltuparoundthis,it'sagoodideatomakeitabsolutelyexplicitthatwewillnotpermitChatGPTtobeanauthorortohaveitstext(24)_________(use)inpapers,"Thorpsaid.Leadingscientificjournalsrequireauthorstosignaformdeclaringthattheyareaccountable(25)_________theircontributiontothework.SinceChatGPTcannotdothis,itcannotbeanauthor,Thorpsays.ButevenusingChatGPTinthepreparationofapaperisproblematic,hebelieves.ChatGPTmakesplentyoferrors,whichcouldfind(26)_________wayintotheliterature,hesays,andifscientistscome(27)_________(rely)onAIprogramstoprepareliteraturereviewsorsummarisetheirfindings,thepropercontextoftheworkandthedeepscrutinythatresultsdeservecouldbelost."Thatistheoppositedirectionof(28)_________weneedtogo,"hesaid.Otherpublishershavemadesimilarchanges.OnTuesday,Springer-Nature,whichpublishesnearly3,000journals,updateditsguidelinestostatethatChatGPTcannotbelistedasanauthor.ButthepublisherhasnotbannedChatGPToutright.Thetool,andotherslikeit,canstillbeusedinthepreparationofpapers,providedfulldetails(29)_________(reveal)inthemanuscript.Elsevier,whichpublishesabout2,800journals,includingCellandtheLancet,hastakenasimilarstancetoSpringer-Nature,(30)_________guidelinesallowtheuseofAItoolstoimprovethereadabilityandlanguageoftheresearcharticle,butnottoreplacekeytasksthatshouldbedonebytheauthors,suchasinterpretingdataordrawingscientificconclusions.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.distributionB.sustainedC.scaleD.unfoldingE.chaosF.trialsG.subscriptionsH.intellectualI.faredJ.shareK.rockingAt100,themousecanstillroar.Butitfacesanewkindofrival"Whydowehavetogrowup?"WaltDisneyoncewondered.AsitlaunchesitscentenarycelebrationsonJanuary27th,theWaltDisneyCompanyhas(31)_________itsappealtotheyoungandyoung-at-heart.ThisyearHollywood'sbiggeststudiowillinvestmoreinoriginalcontentthananyotherfirm.Itdominatestheglobalboxoffice,withfouroflastyear'stenbiggesthits,andhasmorestreaming(32)_________thananyoneelse.Its(33)_________propertyisturnedintomerchandiserangingfromlunchboxestolightsabers,andexploitedinthemeparksthatarechurningouthealthyprofitsevenascovid-19lingers.Morethanjustabusiness,Disneyisperhapsthemostsuccessfulculturefactorytheworldhaseverknown.Sothechange(34)_________thecompanytodayhasplayedasignificantrolefarbeyonditsempire.UncertaintyaboutthefutureprofitabilityofDisney'senormousentertainmentportfoliohascausedaroller-coasterrideinits(35)_________price.ItthrewoutitschiefexecutiveinNovemberandwillsoonreplaceitschairman.Italsofacesarebellionfromanactivistinvestmentfirmthatwantsaboardseatinwhatcouldturnintothebiggestface-offsinceMichaelEisner,apreviousCEO,wasforcedoutin2005.Disney's(36)_________arenotjustaboardroomdrama.Similarcrisesare(37)_________atotherleadingculturefactories,fromWarnerBrostoNetflix.ThereasonisatechnologicalrevolutionthatisturningHollywoodupsidedown.Thosewhohave(38)_________bestatashrinkingboxofficearetheownersoffilmsthatarealreadypopular.Aspeoplevisitcinemaslessoftenandcompetitionintensifies,studioshavepumpedmoneyintofilmspeoplewillturnouttoseeevenwhentheygoonlythreeorfourtimesayear.America'stenbiggestfilmslastyearwereallsequelsorpartsofafranchise;Disney'supcomingslateincludesan80-year-oldHarrisonFordreturningforafifthoutingasIndianaJones.Ithasnotbeenagoldenageforcinema,butforthoseatthetopithasbeenaprofitableone.Nowtechnologyisshakingthingsupagain.Online(39)_________hasdrawntechfirmsthatmakethehardwareandsoftwareusedforstreaming.SiliconValleyisofadifferent(40)_________fromTinseltown(Amazon'sgrowingadvertisingbusinessisalreadythreetimesbiggerthanDisney's)anditsmogulshavenoneedtomakemoneyfromstreaming,whichtheyseeasanadd-ontotheirmainbusiness.Themorefinecontentthesenewproducersmakeandsellbelowcost,thegreatertheriskthatolderstudioswillfallfromthetoptierofmediaintotheperilousmiddle.III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.WhenHarrytoldmethathewasleavingthecompany,oneofthefirstthingshesaidtomewasthathedidn'tlikeemotionalgoodbyes.Ihavedecidedtotakehimathisword.Everythingyouwillhearmysaytonightisstraight-forwardand(41)_________,justlikethemanhimself.Harryhasbeeninthefinancedepartmentforsevenyears.Inthattime,hehasnotdoneanythingremotely(42)_________.Iaskedseveralpeopleiftheyhadamusingstoriesabouthim,andthebesttheycouldcomeupwithisthatheonceaccidentallychangedaformulaintheannualbudgetspreadsheet.Sincethe(43)_________wasquicklyspottedandfixed,ithadnoimpactatall.WillHarrybe(44)_________?Notatall,thoughforreasonsthathemaynotfullygrasp.Thisisaneveninginwhichthepersonwhoisleavingreceivespresents(aswellasacardfrompeoplewhosenamesyoudon'trecognizebutwhojustlovedworkingwithyou).Butthe(45)_________goesbothways.Theleavershaveapartinggiftoftheirowntopresent:aconvenientscapegoat.Whensomeonedies,theconventionisnottospeakillofthe(46)_________.Whenanemployeeexitsacompany,it'stheopposite.Thingsthatdon'tworkaswellastheyshouldcanbelaidatthedoorofsomeonewhowon't(47)_________.Frustrationsthathavebeensuppressedcanfinallybeblamedonsomeone.Whenwespeakofyou,wewillsaythingslike"Harryhadmanystrengthsbut...",andwewill(48)_________ourselvesthatyouheldusbackabit.Thiswillnotbetrue,butitwillbe(49)_________.I'dliketotakethisopportunitytotellyouthatwearegratefulforthis(50)_________actofservice,whichcanlastforaslongasayearaftersomeonehasactuallyleftthebuilding.Afterthat,memoriestendtofade.IwishIcouldpromiseyouthatyouarepartofcompanyfolklore,orthatyourroleinbanningplasticstrawsfromtheofficewillringthroughtheages.(51)_________,theonlyguaranteeIcangiveisthatnooneherewilleverreadyourexit-interviewnotes.Thismayallseemalittle(52)_________.Youhavespentmanyyearsatthecompany,andyetwillprobably(53)_________.Butinspiteofthat,youshouldstillfeel(54)_________inyourtimehere.Tohavedoneyourworkwellandtoleaveatatimeofyourchoosingareachievementsthatarebeyondmostpeople.SopleaseraiseyourglassestoHarry.Hehasbeenanexcellentcolleagueandwon'treallybe(55)_________intheend.41.A.offthepointB.tothepointC.beyondthehorizonD.onthehorizon42.A.funnyB.imposingC.impressiveD.creative43.A.breakdownB.hollowC.mistakeD.crack44.A.hatedB.rememberedC.adoredD.forgotten45.A.impactB.exchangeC.ceremonyD.end46.A.dyingB.livingC.quitterD.departed47.A.comeupB.answerbackC.leaveoffD.backaway48.A.persuadeB.informC.remindD.caution49.A.pointlessB.consequentialC.significantD.convenient50.A.selflessB.grandC.finalD.accidental51.A.InsteadB.OtherwiseC.BesidesD.Therefore52.A.weirdB.amusingC.excitingD.sad53.A.createnovalueB.leavelittletraceC.havelittlesayD.producemuchimpact54.A.regretB.guiltC.prideD.pain55.A.missedB.replacedC.erasedD.blamedSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Balatookadeepbreathofcrispautumnair.Hewipedhissweatyforeheadandlookedaroundathisteammates."Thisisit,"hesaid."Lastplay.""Wehavetoscorenow,"Jordansaid."It'sallornothing."TheChargersfellbehind.Awinwouldclinchaspotinthetouch-footballplayoffs（加时赛）.Buttheywere70yardsfromtheendzone.DevinhikedtheballandJordandroppedbacktopass.Balasprinted,thenangledtothesideline.I'mopen,Balathoughtasheran.Jordan'spassarcedthroughtheair,perfectlytimed.Balastayedinafullstride.Nothingaheadofhimexcept40yardsofgrassandtheendzone.Asuretouchdown!Balastretchedhisarmsandfelttheballonhisfingertips.Hegaspedashebobbleditandgroanedasitslippedfromhisgrasp.Heranfast,buttheballdroppedtotheground.HowdidIdropthat?hewondered.Hissister,Tara,trottedoverandaskedthesamequestion.ThensheputherhandonBala'sshoulder."Butterfingers!"someoneshouted.Balalookedaround,buthecouldn'ttellwho'dyelled.Taraheardittoo,andsheshookherhead."Ignoreit.""Allmyfault."BalasaidastherestoftheChargersgathered."Putitbehindyou,"Jordansaid."Weallwinorwealllose.Thisisateam."Asthegameprogressed,BalawonderedifJordanhadputitbehindhimself.NotonepasscameBala'sway.TwiceBalabrokeclearofhisdefender,butthepasseswenttoTaraandDevin."I'vebeenopen,"Balasaidathalftime."I'llmakethecatches."Jordannodded."Thesecondhalfwillbedifferent."Jordanwastruetohisword.HethrewtoBalaonthefirsttwoplays,andBalamadethecatchesforshortgains.Onthirddown,Balawasopenforasplitsecondbutthepasswentwayoverhishead."Allornothingagain,"Jordansaidinthehuddle.Balasplitwidetotheright.HeracedoverasanopposingplayerclosedinonJordan.AshereachedforJordan'sshoulder,JordanflippedtheballbacktowardtoBala."Freeball!"Someoneshoutedasthehittheturf.Balascoopeditupanddodgedpastadefender.Heleapedtowardthecornerofthefiled,crossingthegoalline.Touchdown!Balasqueezedtheballtight."Playoffs,herewecome!"56.Whatdoes"butterfingers"probablymeaninthepassage?A.Thosewhorantheirfingersthroughbutter.B.Thosewhotendtodropthingstheyaretryingtocatch.C.Thosewhopointanaccusingfingeratsomeonedoingwrong.D.Thosewhograspsomethingincaseitslipsthroughthefingers.57.Whatcanweinferfromthesentence"BalawonderedifJordanhadputitbehindhimself?"A.JordanmightnothavefaithinBala.B.Jordanwasunabletocontainhisdesperateanger.C.JordanencouragedBalatomakeupforthedroppedpass.D.JordanwantedBalatofeelbetteraftertheylostthegame.58.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.TheChargersunitedagainandbeatitsopponents.B.TheChargersanditsopponentsfinallyleveledthescore.C.TheChargersshowedthatteamworkoutshoneindividualisticheroism.D.TheChargerswasfallingbehinditsopponentsatfirstbecauseofBala'sfault.59.Whichofthefollowingmaybestsummarizethemoralofthestory?A.Betterlatethannever.B.Individualadds;teamplayersmultiply.C.Misfortunemightbeablessingindisguise.D.Ifyoucan'tflythenrun;ifyoucan'trunthenwalk.(B)INNOVATIONCUP2022GreatmindscometogetheratMerckWhat'sinitforme?Ifyouareapost-graduatestudentwithaninterestinthepharmaceuticalandchemicalindustry,theMerckInnovationCupisyourchancetogainin-depthknowledgeaboutresearchanddevelopment,tonetworkwithtopstudentsfromaroundtheworldandtobuildabusinesscasetogetherwithexperiencedprofessionals.Whocanapply:Advancedstudentsandpostdocsinthefieldsoflifescience,datascienceandbusinessadministrationfromallovertheworldcanapply:Sciences:PostgraduatestudentsontheirwaytowardsaPhDinbiology,medicine,biotech,bioinformatics,datasciences,biochemistry,chemistry,pharmacy,physicsorengineering.Business:AdvancedMBAstudentsandrecentMBAgraduateswithaninterestinthepharmaceuticalandchemicalbusinessandasciencebackground.TheInnovationCupwillcomprisethefollowingteamtopics:oncology,immuno-oncology,autoimmunity,drugdiscoverytechnologiesdigitalization.Howitworks:Duringaone-weekSummerCamp,50selectedstudentswillattendin-depthpresentationsaboutthepharmaceuticalandchemicalindustrygivenbyMerckresearchersandmanagers.Theparticipantswillbedividedintoteams,worktogethertodevelopabusinessplanandpresentittoagrandjury,whowillawardtheMerckInnovationCupforthebestplanalongwithacashprizeofEUR20,000plusEUR5,000fortherunner-up.AconferencewithalumniofpreviousInnovationCupeditionswillbeheldonthefirstdayoftheSummerCamp.FurtherinformationabouttheprogramandhowtoapplyonlinefromNovember1,2021,untilJanuary31,2022:Location:NearFrankfurt,Germany,June20-26,2022.Travel,accommodationandfoodexpenseswillbepaidbyMerck.60.Whocanapplytoparticipateintheevent?A.Highschoolstudentsinterestedinlifescience.B.Post-graduatestudentsmajoringinmathematics.C.MBAgraduatesknowledgeableaboutfinance.D.Exceptionalstudentsspecializingindevelopingnewdrugs.61.What'sthepurposeofthispassage?A.Todeepentopstudents'interestininnovation.B.ToattracttalenttotheInnovationCupcompetitionC.TopromotetheMerckcompanyaroundtheworld.D.Toinformalumniofanimportantconference.62.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheevent?A.Merckwillcovertheexpensesoftravel,researchandfood.B.Theeventplanstoselect50researcherstogivepresentations.C.ThetoptwowinnersoftheCupwillbeawardedcashprizes.D.Applicantsshouldapplyonlinewithinadurationoftwomonths.(C)Metaphorisformostpeopleadeviceofthepoeticimaginationandtherhetoricalflourish-amatterofextraordinaryratherthanordinarylanguage.Moreover,metaphoristypicallyviewedascharacteristicoflanguagealone,amatterofwordsratherthanthoughtoraction.Forthisreason,mostpeoplethinktheycangetalongperfectlywellwithoutmetaphor.Wehavefound,onthecontrary,thatmetaphorispervasiveineverydaylife,notjustinlanguagebutinthoughtandactionaswell.Ourordinaryconceptualsystem,intermsofwhichweboththinkandact,isfundamentallymetaphoricalinnature.Theconceptsthatgovernourthoughtarenotjustmattersoftheintellect.Theyalsogovernoureverydayfunctioning,downtothemostordinarydetails.Ourconceptsstructurewhatweperceive,howwegetaroundintheworld,andhowwerelatetootherpeople.Ourconceptualsystemthusplaysacentralroleindefiningoureverydayrealities.Ifwearerightinsuggestingthatourconceptualsystemislargelymetaphorical,thenthewaywethink,whatweexperience,andwhatwedoeverydayisverymuchamatterofmetaphor.Butourconceptualsystemisnotsomethingwearenormallyawareof.Inmostofthelittlethingswedoeveryday,wesimplythinkandactmoreoflessautomaticallyalongcertainlines.Justwhattheselinesareisbynomeansobvious.Onewaytofindoutisbylookingatlanguage.Sincecommunicationisbasedonthesameconceptualsystemthatweuseinthinkingandacting,languageisanimportantsourceofevidenceforwhatthatsystemislike.Togivesomeideaofwhatitcouldmeanforaconcepttobemetaphoricalandforsuchaconcepttostructureaneverydayactivity,letusstartwiththeconceptARGUMENTandtheconceptualmetaphorARGUMENTISWAR.Thismetaphorisreflectedinoureverydaylanguagebyawidevarietyofexpressions:ARGUMENTISWAR.Yourclaimsareindefensible.Heattackedeveryweakpointinmyargument.Hiscriticismswererightontarget.Idemolishedhisargument.I'venearwonanargumentwithhim.Youdisagree?Okay,shoot!Ifyouusethestrategy,he'llwipeyouout.Heshotdownallofmyarguments.Itisimportanttoseethatwedon'tjusttalkaboutargumentsintermsofwar.Wecanactuallywinorlosearguments.Weseethepersonwearearguingwithasanopponent.Weattackhispositionsanddefendourown.Wegainandloseground.Weplanandusestrategies.Ifwefindapositionindefensible,wecanabandonitandtakeanewlineofattack.Manyofthethingswedoinarguingarepartiallystructuredbytheconceptofwar.Thoughthereisnophysicalbattle,thereisaverbalbattle,andthestructureofanargument-attack,defense,counterattack,etc.--reflectsthis.ItisinthissensethattheARGUMENTISWARmetaphorisonethatwelivebyinthisculture;itstructurestheactionsweperforminarguing.63.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A.Metaphorisprimarilyaliterarytoolthatpolishesourthoughtsandexpressions.B.Theactionsinvolvedinargumentareunderstoodintermsofwarconceptually.C.People'sactionisgenerallymoredependentonmetaphorthannconcept.D.Theconceptofargumentexistsonthepreconditionthatthereiswar.64.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandourconceptualsystem?A.Languageandtheconceptualsystemarestructuredseparatelyandautomatically.B.Theconceptualsystemremainsinaccessibledespitetherevelationoflanguage.C.Theconceptualsystemprovidesvariousdefinitionsforourlanguage.D.Languageprovidescluestowhatconstitutestheconceptualsystem.65.Theunderlinedword"demolished"isclosetinmeaningto"_________".A.defeatedB.dismissedC.justifiedD.favored66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Warisnon-verbalargument.B.Ourcommunicationismetaphorical.C.ConceptsareinternallyconstructedD.Fewpeoplespeakinmetaphoricallanguage.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.71.AstudyconductedattheUniversityofArizonainTucsonthatexamined800millionyearsofanimaldietsconcludedthattheancestorofallanimalswasprobablyacarnivore(ananimalthateatsmeat).Thestudytookintoaccountover1,000speciesofanimalscurrentlyliving,includingvertebratesandalmost140speciesofbeetles.Researcherscollectedtheeatinghabitsofeachspecies,andthencreatedahugefamilytreeofallthespeciestotrytodetermineswhattheancestorsofallthesespecieswouldhaveeaten.Intheirreport,publishedinEvolutionLetters,theteamstatedtheirconclusionthatthefirstmulticellularanimalw