2022-2023学年山东省临沂市高三一模英语试题

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(模拟)英语第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAsalanguagelearningenthusiast,I’vecomeupwiththebestappsforlearningEnglishfromthethousandsofmobileappsoutthere.BestforPronunciation:ELSASpeakELSASpeakisprobablythebestmobileapparoundforhelpingyouimproveyourEnglishpronunciation.Theapp’sgreateststrengthisitsintensiveAIfeedback,butELSAalsoprovidesmini-trainingsessionstoreallyperfectyourpronunciation.TheAIanalyzesyourrecordingsbasedonpronunciation,intonationandfluencythenpointsoutexactlywhichpartssoundinaccurate.BestforImmersinginEnglishVideos:FluentUFuentUisalanguagelearningappthatteachesyouEnglishthroughauthenticvideoslikenewsreports,moviescenesandinterviews,withlearnertoolsforalllevels.Eachcliphasinteractivesubtitlessoifyou’renotsurewhatawordmeans,youcanhoveroveritandgetinexplanation.Theappalsogivesvideoexamplesforeachwordsoyoucanlearnvocabularyincontext.BestforPracticalTopics:BabbelBabbelhasyoulearnandpracticeEnglishwithrealisticconversationsthatsurroundthingsthatyou’repersonallyinterestedin.Lessonsareshortandconsistofwrittenandaudioversionsofthegrammarfeaturedinthelessons.Thenyouareabletocompletepracticeexercisestosolidifyyourunderstanding.BestforFunBeginnerLessons:LingodeerLingodeerusesgamesandshortexercisestoteachbeginnerandintermediateEnglishlearners.Lingodeertakesagamifiedapproachtolanguagelearningwithagoal-orientedcurriculumconsistingofstructuredlessonsandregularreviews.Lingodeer’slessonsarearrangedaccordingtothemes,suchassports,weather,partsofthebodyandshopping.1.WhatisthefeatureofELSASpeak?A.Itanalyzeslearners’recordings. B.Itprovidesguidanceforlearners.C.Itgiveslearnershelpfulfeedback. D.Itimproveslearners’communicationskill.2.Whichappprovidesvideosaslearningresources?A.FluentU. B.ELSASpeak. C.Babbel. D.Lingodeer.3.WhatcanlearnersdowiththeappLingodeer?A.Designgames. B.Studyaroundatheme.C.Structurelessons. D.Takeadvancedcourses.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几款学习英语的最佳应用程序。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据BestforPronunciation:ELSASpeak下列段落中“Theapp’sgreateststrengthisitsintensiveAIfeedback,butELSAalsoprovidesmini-trainingsessionstoreallyperfectyourpronunciation.(这款应用最大的优点是它的人工智能反馈，但ELSA还提供小型培训课程，以真正完善你的发音。)”可知，ELSASpeak的特点是能给学习者有用的反馈。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据BestforImmersinginEnglishVideos:FluentU下列段落中“FuentUisalanguagelearningappthatteachesyouEnglishthroughauthenticvideoslikenewsreports,moviescenesandinterviews,withlearnertoolsforalllevels.(FuentU是一款语言学习应用程序，通过新闻报道、电影场景和采访等真实视频教你英语，并为所有级别的学习者提供学习工具。)”可知，FluentU提供视频作为学习资源。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Lingodeer’slessonsarearrangedaccordingtothemes,suchassports,weather,partsofthebodyandshopping.(Lingodeer的课程是根据主题来安排的，比如运动、天气、身体部位和购物。)”可知，学习者可以使用Lingodeer围绕一个主题学习。故选B项。BFromSantaBarbaratoScotland,strangersarebecomingfriendsbygoingonbikeridestogether.TheygetpairedupbyCyclingWithoutAge,anorganizationthathelpsseniorsgoforbikerides,eveniftheycan’tpedalthemselves.HughLyonandDavidLawrence,whoareroughly20yearsapartinage,havebeenridingtogetherforyears.The56-year-oldLawrenceservesasa“pilot”,drivingthetrishaw—abikewithapassengerseatinthefrontthatCyclingWithoutAgeusesfortheirrides.Theygoforridesaboutonceaweek,oftendiscussingthehistoryoftheirtown.“Despitemydeceasedparents,itgivesmeaconnectionwithpeoplefromanoldergeneration,”saidLawrence,“andIenjoyspendingtimewiththemandhearingtheirstories.”Thepairhaveformedafriendshipoutsideofcycling.LawrencesaidhecallsLyonoftenandgoestothegymwithhimtohelphimwithexerciseshecan’tdoonhisown.OleKassow,whofoundedCyclingWithoutAge,saidthat’sthepoweroftheprogram.“Thetrulypowerfulthingaboutthesebikeridesisthattheytiepeopleandstoriestogethertocreatenewrelationships,”hetoldCBSNews.“Inmyfriendships—andtheabilitytoformnewrelationshipsatanyage—arewhatdefineagoodlife,andoftenalsoalongandhappylife.”JohnBoettnerstartedtheSantaBarbarachapter.Hehasoneruleforpassengers.“Theysay,‘WhatdoesitcostifI’mgoingtogoforaride?’Isay,‘Here’swhatitcosts:Youhavetowave.Ifyoudon’twave,I’mgoingtokickyouout,’”hejoked.Hesaidhelikeswhentheyhitredlights,becauseitgivesthemachancetoconnectwithpeopleontheroad.“DrivingthetrishawisthebestadvertisementforCyclingWithoutAge”,Boettnersaid,“Whenyoutakea101-year-oldwomanforabikerideandsheholdsyourhandtightandsaysthankyouandgivesyouakissonthecheek,itdoesn’tgetanybetterthanthat.”4.WhatdidLawrencebenefitfromCyclingWithoutAge?A.Pickingupforgottenstories. B.Improvinghishealthcondition.C.Understandinghisparents’love. D.Creatingarelationshipwithseniors.5.WhydidOleKassowmention“friendships”?A.Tosharethepleasureofcycling. B.Tostatethenatureofhappiness.C.Toshowthevalueoftheprogram. D.Tointroducethedefinitionofagoodlife.6.WhatcanwelearnfromBoettner’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Theprogramneedstobeadvertised. B.Passengershavetopayfortheirrides.C.Redlightsconnectpeopleontheroad. D.Bikeridersfeelfulfilledbyofferingrides.7.Whatmessagedoesthepassageconvey?A.Asweetfrienshiprefreshesthesoul. B.Bearainbowinsomebodyelse’scloud.C.Don’tgothroughlife,growthroughlife. D.Happinessisajourney,notadestination.【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.B【解析】【导语】本文是新闻报道。本文主要讲述“无年龄骑行”通过组织人们一起骑自行车把陌生人变成朋友，让陌生人之间在骑行的过程中体会到了幸福感。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段““Despitemydeceasedparents,itgivesmeaconnectionwithpeoplefromanoldergeneration,”saidLawrence,“andIenjoyspendingtimewiththemandhearingtheirstories.”(劳伦斯说：“尽管我的父母去世了，但这让我与老一辈的人有了联系，我喜欢与他们共度时光，聆听他们的故事。”)”可知，劳伦斯在CyclingWithoutAge骑行的过程中可以让他与老一辈的人有了联系。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“OleKassow,whofoundedCyclingWithoutAge,saidthat’sthepoweroftheprogram.“Thetrulypowerfulthingaboutthesebikeridesisthattheytiepeopleandstoriestogethertocreatenewrelationships,”hetoldCBSNews.“Inmyfriendships—andtheabilitytoformnewrelationshipsatanyage—arewhatdefineagoodlife,andoftenalsoalongandhappylife.”(奥勒·卡斯索（OleKassow）创立了“无年龄骑行”（CyclingWithoutAge），他说这就是该项目的力量所在。他告诉哥伦比亚广播公司：“这些骑自行车的真正强大之处在于，它们将人们和故事联系在一起，创造新的关系。在我的友谊中，以及在任何年龄段建立新关系的能力，都是美好生活的定义，通常也是幸福长寿的定义。”)”可知，卡斯索提到“友谊”是为了体现该项目的价值所在。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Boettnersaid,“Whenyoutakea101-year-oldwomanforabikerideandsheholdsyourhandtightandsaysthankyouandgivesyouakissonthecheek,itdoesn’tgetanybetterthanthat.”(Boettner说：“当你带着一位101岁的女士骑车时，她紧紧握着你的手，对你说谢谢，并在你的脸颊上吻了一下，什么都不会比这更好。”)”可知，骑行让Boettner感到了满足感。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“OleKassow,whofoundedCyclingWithoutAge,saidthat’sthepoweroftheprogram.“Thetrulypowerfulthingaboutthesebikeridesisthattheytiepeopleandstoriestogethertocreatenewrelationships,”hetoldCBSNews.“Inmyfriendships—andtheabilitytoformnewrelationshipsatanyage—arewhatdefineagoodlife,andoftenalsoalongandhappylife.”(奥勒·卡斯索（OleKassow）创立了“无年龄骑行”（CyclingWithoutAge），他说这就是该项目的价值所在。他告诉哥伦比亚广播公司：“这些骑自行车的真正强大之处在于，它们将人们和故事联系在一起，创造新的关系。在我的友谊中，以及在任何年龄段建立新关系的能力，都是美好生活的定义，通常也是幸福长寿的定义。”)”可知，本文主要讲述“无年龄骑行”通过组织人们一起骑自行车把陌生人变成朋友，让陌生人之间在骑行的过程中体会到了幸福感。所以B选项“成为别人云中的彩虹”，符合题意。故选B。CForanyonetryingtoloseweight,there’satruthwecanalluniversallyacknowledgethatbetterhealthisoftenpositionedasanumbersgame.Hittherightnumber,andallyourhealthproblemswillmagicallyresolve,sothelogicgoes.Yetincreasingly,scienceisrevealingthatlosingweightmaynotbeasilverbulletafterall.InamousestudypublishedinthejournalScience,lookingspecificallyataninflammatory(炎症的)eyeconditionlinkedtoobesitycalledmaculardegeneration(黄斑退化),researchersfoundthestruggleforbetterhealthdoesn’tnecessarilybeginandendwithweightloss.Researchersconductedexperimentsonmicethatwerefedahigh-fatdietfor11weeks,makingthemgainweight.Themicewerethenputonadietoflow-fatfoodfor9weeks,makingthemloseweight.Anothergroupofmiceonlyatethelow-fatdietasacontrol.Researchersshotlasersintotheeyesofboththeyo-yodietermiceandthecontrolmicetoencourageatypicalbloodvessel(非典型性血管)growth,amarkofmaculardegeneration.Amongthemicethathadgainedandthenlostweight,therewasabout40percentmoreatypicalbloodvesselgrowththantheirstabledietpeers.Drivingthegrowthappearedtobemacrophages(巨噬细胞).Intheyo-yodietermice,thesecellshadbeenreprogrammedtocauseinflammation.Takentogether,thesecellsappearedtohaveanoutsizeroleinatypicalbloodvesselgrowthintheeyes.Meanwhile,inthemicefedonlyalow-fatdiet,inflammatorychangeswereabsent.Theresultssuggestthateatingahigh-fatdietthatcausesweightgain,eveniffollowedbyweightloss,leavesaninflammatorymarkonmousemacrophages.Theresearchcomesduringaperiodofrenewedinterestinanti-obesitydrugs.Butmedicinesthathelppeopleshedpoundsdonottreatinflammationlinkedtoahistoryofweightgain.“Howtoengagethesefindingswithmedicineinterventionsisachallenge,”saysBapat,headoftheresearch.8.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“asilverbullet”underlinedinparagraph1?A.Aworkablesolution. B.Atoughchoice.C.Anultimateobjective. D.Amajorchallenge.9.Howdoresearcherscarryouttheexperiment?A.Bymakingcomparison. B.Bylistingexamples.C.Bycontrolingtestmethods. D.Byanalyzingdietcomponents.10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearchresults?A.Stabledietingdrivesthegrowthofmacrophages.B.Reprogrammedcellsaretoblameforweightgain.C.Inflammatorychangesarecausedbythelow-fatdiet.D.Losingweightdoesn’tresolvetheinflammationtiedtoweightgain.11.Whatwilltheresearchfocusonnext?A.Exploringwaysoflosingweight. B.Trackingthehistoryofweightloss.C.Treatingobesity-linkedinflammation. D.Boostinginterestinanti-obesitydrugs.【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍减肥并不能解决所有的健康问题。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Hittherightnumber,andallyourhealthproblemswillmagicallyresolve,sothelogicgoes.Yetincreasingly,scienceisrevealingthatlosingweightmaynotbeasilverbulletafterall.(按正确的数字，你所有的健康问题都会神奇地解决，这就是逻辑。然而，越来越多的科学表明，减肥可能终究不是asilverbullet。)”可知，上下文是转折关系，减肥不能解决所有的健康问题，所以asilverbullet的意思是指“有效的解决办法”，和选项A意思一致。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchersconductedexperimentsonmicethatwerefedahigh-fatdietfor11weeks,makingthemgainweight.Themicewerethenputonadietoflow-fatfoodfor9weeks,makingthemloseweight.Anothergroupofmiceonlyatethelow-fatdietasacontrol.Researchersshotlasersintotheeyesofboththeyo-yodietermiceandthecontrolmicetoencourageatypicalbloodvessel(非典型性血管)growth,amarkofmaculardegeneration.(研究人员对高脂肪饮食11周的小鼠进行了实验，使它们体重增加。然后，给小鼠喂食低脂食物9周，使其体重减轻。另一组小鼠只吃低脂饮食作为对照。研究人员向溜溜球减肥小鼠和对照小鼠的眼睛发射激光，以促进非典型血管生长，这是黄斑变性的标志。)”可知，研究人员通过对比的方法进行的实验。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theresultssuggestthateatingahigh-fatdietthatcausesweightgain,eveniffollowedbyweightloss,leavesaninflammatorymarkonmousemacrophages.(研究结果表明，食用高脂肪饮食会导致体重增加，即使随后体重下降，也会在小鼠巨噬细胞上留下炎症标记。)”可知，减肥并不能解决与体重增加相关的炎症。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theresearchcomesduringaperiodofrenewedinterestinanti-obesitydrugs.Butmedicinesthathelppeopleshedpoundsdonottreatinflammationlinkedtoahistoryofweightgain.“Howtoengagethesefindingswithmedicineinterventionsisachallenge,”saysBapat,headoftheresearch.(这项研究正值人们对抗肥胖药物重新产生兴趣的时期。但帮助人们减肥的药物并不能治疗与体重增加相关的炎症。研究负责人巴帕特说：“如何将这些发现与医学干预相结合是一个挑战。”)”可知，接下来他们要研究治疗肥胖相关的炎症。故选C。DAnewkindofsolarpanel,developedattheUniversityofMichigan,hasachievedhighefficiencyintransformingwaterintohydrogenandoxygen—imitatingacrucialstepinnaturalphotosynthesis(光合作用).Theoutdoorversionoftheexperiment,withlessreliablesunlightandtemperature,achieved6.1%efficiencyatturningtheenergyfromthesunintohydrogenfuel.However,indoors,thesystemachieved9%efficiency.Butthebiggestbenefitisdrivingdownthecostofsustainablehydrogen.Thisisenabledbyreducingthesizeofthesemiconductor(半导体),typicallythemostexpensivepartofthedevice.Theteam’sself-healingsemiconductorwithstandsconcentratedlightequivalentto160suns.“Webelievethatartificialphotosynthesisdeviceswillbemuchmoreefficientthannaturalphotosynthesis,whichwillprovideapathtowardcarbonneutrality,”saidZetianMi,U-MprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringwholedthestudyreportedinNature.Thenewtechnologyhastwoadvances.Thefirstistheabilitytoconcentratethesunlightwithoutdestroyingthesemiconductorthattrapsthelight.“Wereducedthesizeofthesemiconductorbymorethan100timescomparedtosomesemiconductorsonlyworkingatlowlightintensity,”saidPengZhou,U-Mresearchfellowinelectricalandcomputerengineeringandfirstauthorofthestudy.“Hydrogenproducedbyourtechnologycouldbeverycheap.”Andthesecondisusingboththehigherenergypartofthesolarspectrum(光谱)tobreakdownwaterandthelowerpartofthespectrumtoprovideheatthatencouragesthereaction.Themagicisenabledbyasemiconductorcatalyst(催化剂)thatimprovesitselfwithuse,resistingthedegradation(降解)thatsuchcatalystsusuallyexperiencewhentheytrapsunlighttodrivechemicalreactions.Thenextchallengestheteamintendstotacklearetofurtherimprovetheefficiencyandtoachievesuperhighpurityhydrogenthatcanbedirectlyfedintofuelcells.12.Whatleadstothelowercostofsustainablehydrogen?A.Solarenergy. B.Smallersemiconductors.C.Naturalphotosynthesis. D.Moreconcentratedlight.13.Whatisanadvantageofthenewtechnology?A.Acatalysteasilyavailable. B.Creativeuseofthesolarspectrum.C.Outstandingabilitytoreflectlight. D.Asemiconductorworkingatlowlightintensity.14.Whyarethetwoadvancesofthenewsolarpanelmentioned?ATointroduceagreenerlifestyle. B.Topromoteitscommercialvalue.C.Tostateitstechnicalbreakthrough. D.Toadvertisethepotentialapplication.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.A.NewTrendinWaterUsage B.TheFutureofSustainableHydrogenC.SolarEnergy:MoreEfficient,Greener D.CheaperHydrogenThroughSolarPower【答案】12.B13.B14.C15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。密歇根大学通过模仿自然的光合作用，开发了一种新型太阳能电池板，它能高效地将水转化为氢。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Butthebiggestbenefitisdrivingdownthecostofsustainablehydrogen.Thisisenabledbyreducingthesizeofthesemiconductor,typicallythemostexpensivepartofthedevice.(但最大的好处是降低了可持续氢的成本。这是通过减小半导体的尺寸实现的，半导体通常是设备中最昂贵的部分。)”可知，导致持续氢的低成本的原因是半导体的尺寸更小了。故选B项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“Thenewtechnologyhastwoadvances.(这项新技术有两个进步。)”和第五段第一句“Andthesecondisusingboththehigherenergypartofthesolarspectrum(光谱)tobreakdownwaterandthelowerpartofthespectrumtoprovideheatthatencouragesthereaction.(第二个进步是利用太阳光谱的高能量部分来分解水，并利用光谱的低能量部分提供热量来促进反应。)”可知，这项新技术（新的太阳能电池板）的一个优势是创造性利用太阳光谱。故选B项。14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Thefirstistheabilitytoconcentratethesunlightwithoutdestroyingthesemiconductorthattrapsthelight.(首先是在不破坏捕获光的半导体的情况下集中太阳光的能力。)”和第五段第一句“Andthesecondisusingboththehigherenergypartofthesolarspectrumtobreakdownwaterandthelowerpartofthespectrumtoprovideheatthatencouragesthereaction.(第二个进步是利用太阳光谱的高能量部分来分解水，并利用光谱的低能量部分提供热量来促进反应。)”可知，文章提到新型太阳能电池板的两项进步是为了陈述其技术突破。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句“Anewkindofsolarpanel,developedattheUniversityofMichigan,hasachievedhighefficiencyintransformingwaterintohydrogenandoxygen—imitatingacrucialstepinnaturalphotosynthesis.(密歇根大学开发的一种新型太阳能电池板已经实现了高效地将水转化为氢和氧——模仿了自然光合作用的一个关键步骤(光合作用)。)”和第四段最后一句““Hydrogenproducedbyourtechnologycouldbeverycheap.”(“用我们的技术生产氢气可能会非常便宜。”)”可知，本文主要讲了利用太阳能将水转化为氢和氧（本文重点强调了氢），且利用这个技术生产的氢非常便宜。D项“CheaperHydrogenThroughSolarPower(通过太阳能发电更便宜的氢)”作为标题，可以概括本文主旨。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Manyhumanshaveamentalnumberlinethatoftenputssmallernumbersontheleftandbiggernumbersontheright—ifaskedtoorganizeseveralbunchesofgrapesbysize,you’dlikelylinethemupbyincreasingnumberofgrapesfromlefttoright.Likemanyhumans,honeybeesseemtoprefertheirnumbersorderedfromlefttoright,anewstudyclaims.____16____ResearchersreportedtheirfindingsOctober17intheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.MartinGiurfaabiologist,tested134honeybeesontheirnumber-orderingabilities.FirstGiurfahadtoteachhisbeepupilstorecognizenumbers.Usingsugarwater,heguidedhoneybeesintoatestingbeehousebuiltfromarepurposedwinebox.Foreachbee,hehungapanelonthebackoftheboxwithacertainnumberofsymbolsonit—one,threeorfive.____17____Sothey’dlearntoassociatethenumberwithfood.Byvaryingwhatthesymbolslookedlikebetweenvisits,heensuredthebeeswerelearningthenumberitselfandnotcertainshapesorarrangements.____18____Giurfaremovedthetrainingpanelandsetuptwo,mirror-imagepanels,oneontheleftwalloftheboxandoneontheright.Thesenewpanelseitherhadthesamenumberofsymbolsasthetrainingpanel,fewersymbolsormore.Whichpaneldidthebeesflyto—leftorright?“____19____”Giurfasays.Ofthebeestrainedon“one,”72percentflewtothe“three”paneltotheright,butofthebeestrainedon“five,”73percentwenttothe“three”paneltotheleft.“That’sexactlytheconceptofthementalnumberline,”Giurfasays.Thoughsomecognitive(认知的)powersseemtobeuniquelyhuman,Giurfathinksthereisdangerindismissingtheabilitiesofanimals.“Wearedifferentfromanimalsinsomeaspects,”hesays,“butweareverysimilarinothers.____20____”A.Thenhefedthemthesugarwater.B.Itdependsonthereferencenumber.C.Howevernoteveryoneisconvinced.D.After30tripstothebox,itwastimeforatest.E.Itsuggeststhathoneybeeshavea“mentalnumberline”.F.Giurfathinksbeesandchickshaveinbornmentalnumberlines.G.Denyingthissimilaritywillnothelpusunderstandwhatweare.【答案】16.E17.A18.D19.B20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。新的研究称，像许多人类一样，蜜蜂也有数字排序能力，似乎更喜欢从左到右排列它们的数字。【16题详解】根据上文“Likemanyhumans,honeybeesseemtoprefertheirnumbersorderedfromlefttoright,anewstudyclaims.(一项新的研究称，像许多人类一样，蜜蜂似乎更喜欢从左到右排列它们的数字)”可知，人类大脑中有“amentalnumberline”，习惯性把数字从小到大按又左往右的顺序排列，研究表明蜜蜂也和人类一样，由此推测，蜜蜂大脑中也有这样一个“amentalnumberline”，所以E项“Itsuggeststhathoneybeeshavea“mentalnumberline”.(这表明蜜蜂有一条“心理数轴”)”符合语境。故选E项。【17题详解】根据上一句“Usingsugarwater,heguidedhoneybeesintoatestingbeehousebuiltfromarepurposedwinebox.Foreachbee,hehungapanelonthebackoftheboxwithacertainnumberofsymbolsonit—one,threeorfive.(他用糖水引导蜜蜂进入一个用酒盒改造而成的测试蜜蜂屋。对于每只蜜蜂，他在盒子的背面挂了一块镶板，上面有一定数量的符号——一个、三个或五个)”及下一句“Sothey’dlearntoassociatethenumberwithfood.(所以它们会学会把数字和食物联系起来)”可知，前面他在板子上写上数字教蜜蜂认识数字，后面蜜蜂学会把数字和食物连起来，由此推测，中间空上应该是喂食物，结合前面“Usingsugarwater”，所以A项“Thenhefedthemthesugarwater.(然后他喂它们糖水)”符合语境。故选A项。【18题详解】根据上一段末句“Byvaryingwhatthesymbolslookedlikebetweenvisits,heensuredthebeeswerelearningthenumberitselfandnotcertainshapesorarrangements.(通过在两次访问之间改变数字符号的样子，他确保蜜蜂学习的是数字本身，而不是特定的形状或排列)”可知，实验过程中训练蜜蜂多次，结合下文“Giurfaremovedthetrainingpanelandsetuptwo,mirror-imagepanels,oneontheleftwalloftheboxandoneontheright.Thesenewpanelseitherhadthesamenumberofsymbolsasthetrainingpanel,fewersymbolsormore.Whichpaneldidthebeesflyto—leftorright?(Giurfa拆除了训练面板，并设置了两个镜像面板，一个在盒子的左边，一个在右边。这些新面板的符号数量要么与训练面板相同，要么更少，要么更多。蜜蜂飞向了哪个面板，左还是右？)”对蜜蜂进行考试，由此可知，D项“After30tripstothebox,itwastimeforatest.(在30次尝试之后，是时候进行测试了)“符合语境，trips呼应visits。故选D项。【19题详解】根据下文“Ofthebeestrainedon“one”,72percentflewtothe“three”paneltotheright,butofthebeestrainedon“five,”73percentwenttothe“three”paneltotheleft.(在接受“一”训练的蜜蜂中，72%的蜜蜂飞到右边的“三”面板上，但在接受“五”训练的蜜蜂中，73%的蜜蜂飞到左边的“三”面板上)”可知，蜜蜂会飞到哪块板上，是以它们训练时的数为参数的。由此可知，B项“Itdependsonthereferencenumber.(这取决于参考编号)”契合下文。故选B项。【20题详解】根据上文“Thoughsomecognitive(认知的)powersseemtobeuniquelyhuman,Giurfathinksthereisdangerindismissingtheabilitiesofanimals.‘Wearedifferentfromanimalsinsomeaspects,’hesays,‘butweareverysimilarinothers…’(尽管有些认知能力似乎是人类独有的，Giurfa认为忽视动物的能力是危险的。‘我们在某些方面与动物不同，’他说，‘但我们在其他方面非常相似…’)”可知，Giurfa认为，科学证明有些动物的认知能力和人类很相似，这不容忽视，不应该否认，由此可知，G项“Denyingthissimilaritywillnothelpusunderstandwhatweare.(否认这种相似性并不能帮助我们理解我们是什么)”符合语境，表示否认动物和人类的相似性对我们没有好处，其中thissimilarity呼应上一句weareverysimilarinothers，denying(否认)与上文dismissing(驳回，不考虑)意思相近。故选G项。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。HeadtoFlint,Michigan,onaWednesdaynight,andyou’llseeablindingdisplayoflightsneartheriver.Thetradition____21____onawhimin2010withDanielRiddick,adoctorinHurleyChildren’sHospitalinProvidence,RhodeIsland.Hispatient,ateenager,hadbeeninthehospitallong-term.Duringhisstay,Danielhad____22____withthekidsodeeplythathedecidedthatontheboy’s____23____nightthere,hewoulddosomething____24____forthefinalparting.Asheleft,Danieltoldtheboyto____25____thecornernearthebusstopfromhiswindow.Daniel____26____tothatspot,turnedaround,andflickered(闪烁)hisbikelightuptowardthehospital.Tohissurprise,theteenflickeredhisownroomlightsto____27____.“Fromaquartermileawayitwasvery____28____wherethekidwas,”saysDaniel.“Ifiguredifit____29____onceIcoulddoitagain.”Andsohedid.Danielmadeita_____30_____tofickerhisbikelightstokidsasheleftforthenightasa_____31_____waytosaygoodbye.Thenightlytraditionbecamesucha_____32_____thatcustomersstartedjoininginwithflashlightsandcellphonestoo.Thetraditionhas_____33_____inspiredthosebeyondMichiganandDanielhopesit_____34_____evenmore.“Itcouldhappenanywhereifsomeoneiswillingtogiveitatrywithone_____35_____,”hesays.21.A.developed B.survived C.continued D.started22.A.negotiated B.bonded C.agreed D.accommodated23.A.last B.usual C.scary D.challenging24.A.essential B.accurate C.special D.tolerant25.A.witness B.appreciate C.watch D.explore26.A.slid B.biked C.drove D.paced27.A.signal B.warn C.check D.respond28.A.evident B.important C.probable D.surprising29.A.worked B.changed C.happened D.mattered30.A.duty B.assignment C.practice D.commitment31.A.casual B.trendy C.strange D.fun32.A.phenomenon B.miracle C.hit D.celebration33.A.only B.even C.nearly D.ever34.A.improves B.spreads C.extends D.accelerates35.A.light B.message C.hope D.sign【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.C26.B27.D28.A29.A30.C31.D32.C33.B34.B35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个医生深夜下班时骑自行车到一个医院附近的公交车站附近和一个住院的孩子用闪烁自行车灯的方法告别，孩子也闪烁病房的灯作为回应。后来这名医生坚持用这种有趣的告别方法，并且越来越多的过路人也加入进来，和医生一起闪烁自己的手电筒或手机。这是一个有趣也很暖心的关于爱的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2010年，罗德岛州普罗维登斯赫尔利儿童医院(HurleyChildren’sHospital)的医生丹尼尔·里迪克(DanielRiddick)突发奇想，开始了这个传统。A.developed发展；开发；培养；B.survived幸存；C.continued继续，持续；D.started开始。下文“Thenightlytraditionbecamesucha_12thatcustomersstartedjoininginwithflashlightsandcellphonestoo.Thetraditionhas__13__inspiredthosebeyondMichiganandDanielhopesit__14__evenmore.(这一夜间传统变得如此____，顾客们开始用手电筒和手机加入进来，这个传统___激励了密歇根以外的人，丹尼尔希望它能___得更广)”可知，后来丹尼尔一直坚持这个做法，而第一小题这里是在讲这个传统是怎么开始的，最初是医生的突发奇想，想让一个住院的小男孩开心。故选D项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他住的那段时间里，丹尼尔和这个孩子建立了很深的感情，他决定在这个男孩在那里的最后一个晚上，为他做一些特别的事情。A.negotiated谈判；商讨；B.bonded建立亲密关系，感情纽带；C.agreed同意；D.accommodated容纳。他决定为小男孩在医院的最后一晚做些事情，后面他花费心思让小男孩开心，由此可知，他和住院的小男孩感情很好很深。故选B项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他住的那段时间里，丹尼尔和这个孩子建立了很深的感情，他决定在这个男孩在那里的最后一个晚上，为他做一些特别的事情。A.last最后的；上一个；B.usual通常的；C.scary恐怖的；D.challenging有挑战性的。根据后面的“thefinalparting(最后的离别)”可知，这是小男孩在这家医院的最后一晚。故选A项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他住的那段时间里，丹尼尔和这个孩子建立了很深的感情，他决定在这个男孩在那里的最后一个晚上，为他做一些特别的事情。A.essential基本的；B.accurate精确的；C.special特殊的；D.tolerant容忍的，宽容的。他和小男孩有深厚的感情，在离别时刻应该要做些特殊的事情。结合下文，他去街角和小男孩用车灯告别，这就是他做的“specialthing”。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他离开时，丹尼尔告诉那个男孩从他的窗户看着公共汽车站附近的角落。A.witness目睹；见证；B.appreciate欣赏；感激；C.watch仔细观看；观察；D.explore探索，探究。医生要去街角用自行车灯和他告别，应该是小男孩在窗户那里观察，看能不能看到他。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：丹尼尔骑着自行车去了那个地方，转过身，朝医院方向闪烁着他的车灯。A.slid滑行；B.biked骑行自行车；C.drove开车，驾驶；D.paced踱步。根据后面“flickered(闪烁)hisbikelightuptowardthehospital”可知，医生是骑着自行车去的，向医院方向闪烁自行车灯。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令他惊讶的是，这个孩子闪烁着自己房间的灯来回应。A.signal发信号；B.warn警告；C.check查看；D.respond回答；回应。医生朝医院方向闪烁车灯，小男孩看到后，也闪烁自己房间的灯，这是在做出回应，意在告诉医生看到了他闪烁车灯。故选D项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丹尼尔说：“从四分之一英里外就能清楚地看到孩子在哪里。”A.evident明显的；B.important重要的；C.probable可能的；D.surprising惊人的。医生看到了孩子用自己房间的灯光做出的回应，就可以清楚地明显地知道了孩子的位置。故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想，如果它成功过一次，我就可以再做一次。”A.worked工作；起作用；B.changed改变；C.happened发生；D.mattered重要，要紧。医生认为，这种和孩子告别的方法起到了作用，是一种很好玩的做法，他想坚持下去，以后也要和别的住院的孩子使用这种方式表示再见。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：丹尼尔把晚上下班回家时闪烁车灯给孩子们看这种做法养成一种习惯，这是一种有趣的告别方式。A.duty职责，值班；B.assignment任务，布置；C.practice习惯做法；实践；练习；D.commitment忠诚，献身；承诺，保证；奉献。上一段末句“…Icoulddoitagain”表示，医生认为这种方法很有趣，今后还会这样做，practice意为“习惯做法”与下文的“tradition”意思相近，符合语境。故选C项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丹尼尔把晚上下班回家时闪烁车灯给孩子们看这种做法养成一种习惯，这是一种有趣的告别方式。A.casual随意的；B.trendy时髦的，赶时髦的；C.strange奇怪的；陌生的；D.fun有趣的，好玩的。小男孩用自己房间的灯对他做出回应，这是很有趣好玩的，后面很多人假如看到这种做法，都向着医院方向闪烁灯光，这很有趣。故选D项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一夜间传统变得如此受欢迎，顾客们开始用手电筒和手机加入进来。A.phenomenon现象；B.miracle奇迹；C.hit轰动；很受欢迎的人（或事物），成功；D.celebration庆祝。医生的这一做法激励了很多人，很多人知道了这件事情并加入到闪烁灯光的行动中来，可知在人群中引发了轰动，很受欢迎。故选C项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个传统甚至激励了密歇根以外的人，丹尼尔希望它能传播得更广。A.only仅仅，只；B.even甚至；C.nearly接近，几乎；D.ever曾经。这样一个做法，让这个密歇根的人们加入进来，后来甚至让外地的人们也争相效仿，程度副词even加深语气，表示递进，符合语境。故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个传统甚至激励了密歇根以外的人，丹尼尔希望它能传播得更广。A.improves提高；改进；B.spreads传播；C.extends延伸，扩展；D.accelerates加速。这种做法从“Flint,Michigan”到“beyondMichigan”，这就是一种善意的传播。故选B项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“如果有人愿意用一盏灯尝试一下，这种情况可能发生在任何地方。”A.light灯；光；B.message信息；C.hope希望；D.sign指示牌，标志；迹象，征兆。一开始医生“flickered(闪烁)hisbikelightuptowardthehospital”后来街上很多人“customersstartedjoininginwithflashlightsandcellphonestoo.”这种做法很简单，就是用一个灯(light)就可以给生病住院的孩子送去快乐和安慰。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的