2023届山东省青岛市高三二模英语试题

青岛市2023年高三年级第二次适应性检测英语试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGuidedtoursattheNationalMuseumatSouthKingstonOutofHoursTitanoToursBookatourwithoneofourknowledgeabletourguidestogetupclosetoallthemaincharactersinourworld-famousDinosaursgallery.You'llgettolearnhowdinosaurswerefirstdiscovered,howtheyadaptedtolifeonEarthandwhythey'resoimportanttooursciencetoday.13:00-14:00Weekendsonly.BehindtheLensTourHaveyoueverwonderedwhywildlifephotographycanbeusedtomakeadifferencetothenaturalworld?JoinourhostsforaspecialtouroftheWildlifePhotographeroftheYearexhibitionanddiscoverthestoriesbehindthephotos.Wewillintroduceyoutosomesurprisingstoriesaswellastheimpactthatthesephotoshavehadonwildlifeconservationeforts.9:00-10:00Wednesday&Friday.BehindtheScenesTour:SpiritCollectionGobehindthesceneswithourscienceeducatorsforalookattheMuseum'sfascinatingzoologycollectionpreserved.AsweexploresomeoftheDarwinCentre's27kilometersofshelves,you＇llencountertreasureshiddenamongthe22millionanimalspecimens（标本）housedhere．14:00-15:00Mondayclosed.HistoryoftheNaturalHistoryMuseumTourWithstoriesstretchingfromWaterhousetoDarwin,you'llgettojourneythroughtimeanddiscovermoreabouthowtheincredible'CathedralofNature'becameworld-famous.What'smore,oncethetourisfinished,youwillhavetheopportunitytovisitthewholeMuseumatyourownpace,newlyequippedwithyourbehind-the-scenesknowledge.14:00-15:00MondaytoFriday.1.WhatcanyoudoonBehindtheLensTour?A.Tellstoriesaboutnature.B.Digintowildlifephotography.C.Discovertipstotakephotos.D.Joininagrouptoprotectwildlife.2.WhichtourcanyoutakeifyougotothemuseumonMondayafternoon?A.OutofHoursTitanoTours.B.BehindtheLensTour.C.BehindtheScenesTour:SpiritCollection.D.HistoryoftheNaturalHistoryMuseumTour.3.Inwhatcolumnofthemuseumwebsitecouldyoufindthetext?A.Shop.B.JoinandSupport.C.What'son.D.Membership.BThestudentsstandonapier（码头）overtheHarlemRiverinNewYorkCity.Theystaredownintothebrownwater.Theirteacher,Mr.Rodman,pullsalongropeoutoftheriver.Fastenedtotheendoftheropeisametalcageandinsideareoysters（牡蛎）.Takingturns，thestudentsmeasurealltheoysters,andthencomparenotes.Thebiggestoysterisover2incheslong,muchbiggerthanahealthysizeforitsage!Theyalsomeasurethelevelofoxygen.Asmoreoystersgrow,thewatershouldbecomeclearerandholdmoreoxygen.Also,otheranimalsshouldmovein.Oystersaresoft-bodiedanimals,andsharetheunderwatercommunitywithplants,fish,andotherlife.Theyarefoodforcrabsandotheranimals.Asnewoystersgrow,theyattachtheirshellstoolderones，formingbigreefswithmanysmallspaceswhereotheranimalslive.Oysterseatalgae（藻类）.Ifalgaegrowtoofast，theycandecreaseoxygenfromthewater-andevenfishneedoxygentobreathe!Butwhathappenedtotheoysters100yearsagoinNewYorkHarbor?Beforethen,lotsofoysterslivedinthesewaters.Theywereshippedtorestaurantsaroundtheworld.Bytheearly1900s,peoplewereeatingthemfasterthantheycouldgrow.Pollutionwaspouringintothewaters.Theharborbecameseriouslypolluted.Sincethe1970s,newlawshavehelpedreducepoisonouswaste.Somefishstartedtoswimthroughagain.Butoysterswerestillmissing-untilrecently.TheBillionOysterProjectbeganin2014tohelpbringoystersbacktoNewYorkHarbor.Theprojecthasrecruited（招募）morethan6,500studentsatmorethan100middleschoolsandhighschoolstohelpgrow,distribute,andstudytheoysters.Finally,thestudentsputtheoystersbackinthecage.Mr.Rodmanlowersthecageintotheriver.Inafewmonths,theywillcheckthecageagain.Whentheoystersarebigenough,theywillbemovedtojoinaheaIthyreefinthemiddleoftheharbor.4.WhydostudentscometothepierovertheHarlemRiver?A.Todoresearch.C.Tobuyoysters.B.Togofishing.D.Tocleanuptheriver.5.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whatoystersarelike.B.Howoystersgetfed.C.Whyalgaegrowfast.D.Whatroleoystersplay.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutoystersinNewYorkHarbor?A.People'sloveofeatingoystersboostedtheirnumbers.B.Moreoystersthanbeforelivedinwatersinthe1900s.C.Pollutedwaterwaspartlytoblameforthemissingofoysters.D.Newlawsinthe1970swerecrucialtooysters'recovery.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.OystersRaisedinNewYorkHarborB.TheHarlemRiverPollutedHeavilyC.Nature'sHelpfulCrewBroughtBackD.TeacherDevotedtoWildlifeProtectionCIntroducedspecieshaveabadreputation.Ithasbeenbelievedthatthespeciesmixinaparticularplaceshouldremainasunchangedaspossible.Butthisisjustanopinion.Otheropinionsarepossible.AstudypublishedrecentlybyDovSaxofBrownUniversity,thusaskshowthebenefitsofintroducedspeciesmightbebetterassessed,sothatopinionscanbemoreinformed.Specifically,heidentifiesseveralaspectsforthat.Initially,whetherintroducedspeciesprovidedirecthumanadvantageistakenintoaccount.Dr.Saxandhiscolleaguesignoredcrops,sincetheirbenefitsareobvious.Buttheyincludedtransplantedgrassspeciesthathavegonewild，yetprovidegrazing（牧草）fordomesticanimals，andintroducedforesttreesthatproducewoodforconstruction.Anotherfactoristheirpossiblebenefittotheecosystemintowhichtheintroductionhashappened.Suchintroductionissometimesmadetoreducetheriskofalocalisedspeciesbecomingextinct.Pyne‘’sgroundplum（李子），nativetoahandfulofsitesinthecentralbasinsofTennesseebutnowtransplantedtoothers,fallsintothiscategory.Thelastvalueisexperiencedonanemotionalratherthanapracticallevel.Lotsofpeoplefeelgoodaboutnativewildlife,whichisgenerallythemainmotiveforitsconservation.Butthatfeel-goodfactorcanextendtointroducedspeciesaswell.Suchvaluecancutbothways,however.Forexample,ring-neckedparakeets,anAsianandAfricanspecies,havebeenspreadingthroughBritainforseveraldecades.Somefindthemacolourfuladditiontothelocalwildlife,othersanoisycompetitorfornativebirds.Inlightoftheiranalysis,Dr.Saxandhisteamthereforesuggestthatresearchersstudyingintroducedspeciesshouldinfuturecreateacleardistinctionintheirstudiesbetweenchangesthathavehappenedandjudgmentsaboutthevalueofthosechanges.Inaddition,whenmakingthosejudgments,theyshouldacknowledgealltypesofvalues,ratherthanfocusingnarrowlyononeortwoofthem.Thatdone,manyspecieswillsurelystillbeaccusedofpossibledamage.Butothers,badlythoughtofinthepast,maynot.8.WhatisDr.Sax'sstudyaimedtodo?A.Kecptrackofintroducedspecies.B.Getintroducedspeciesfullyunderstood.C.Compareopinionsonintroducedspecies.D.Identifyconsequencesofintroducingspecies.9.WhywasPyne'sgroundplumtransplantedtootherplaces?A.Toprovidegrazeforlocalanimals.B.Toproducewoodforconstruction.C.Tobuildanewlocalecosystem.D.Tosavelocalspeciesfromdyingout.10.Howdolocalpeoplereacttotheintroductionofring-neckedparakeets?A.Theydon'tcareaboutit.B.Theyconsideritacceptable.C.Theycan'tputupwithit.D.Theyholddividedopinionsonit.11.WhatdoesDr.Saxsuggesttothefutureresearchers?A.Focusingonmainvalues.B.Evaluatingevidentchanges.C.Analyzingpreviousresearches.D.Presentingall-roundassessments.DSeveralresearchgroupshavepreviouslygeneratedimagesfrombrainsignalsusingAImodelsthatrequirenumerousdataanalysis.Now,ShinjiNishimotoandYuTakagiatOsakaUniversityinJapanhavedevelopedamuchsimplerapproachbyslightlyadjustingStableDiffusion,apopulartext-to-imagegenerator,allowingittoturnbrainsignalsdirectlyintopictures.ShinjiNishimotoandYuTakagibuilttwoadditionalmodelstohelpmakeStableDiffusionworkwithbrainsignals.Thepairuseddatafromfourpeopleobtainedbyusingfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging（fMRI）（功能磁共振成像技术）toscantheirbrainswhilethefourwereviewing10,000pictures.Usingaround90percentofthebrain-imagingdata,thepairthentrainedonemodeltomakelinksbetweenfMRIdatafromabrainregionthatprocessesvisualsignalsandtheimagesthatpeoplewereviewing.TheyusedthesamedatasettotraintheothermodeltoformlinksbetweentextdescriptionsoftheimagesandfMRIdatafromabrainregionthatprocessesthemeaningofimages.Aftertraining,thesetwomodelscouldtranslatebrain-imagingdataintoformsthatweredirectlyfedintotheStableDiffusionmodel.Itcouldthenreconstructaround1000oftheimagespeopleviewedwithabout80%accuracy.Thislevelofaccuracyissimilartothatpreviouslyachievedinastudythatanalysedthesamedatausingamuchmoretediousapproach,whichinvolvedmoretimeandefforts.However,thestudyonlytestedtheapproachonfourpeople.“ThisapproachrequireshugefMRImachines”,saysSikunLinattheUniversityofCalifornia.“Infuture,morepracticalversionsoftheapproachcouldallowpeopletomakeartorchangeimageswiththeirimagination,oraddnewelementstogameplay,butitisstillalongwayfromdailyuse,”shesays.12.WhatdoweknowaboutStableDiffusion?A.Itcallsformoredataanalysis.B.Itwascreatedtoreadbrainsignals.C.ItwaslaunchedbyJapanesescientists.D.Ithelpschangebrainsignalsintopictures.13.Whatarethetwomodelsintendedtodoaftertraining?A.Toprocessdata.B.Toredrawimages.C.Toscanhumanbrains.D.Tomatchtextdescriptions.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”meaninparagraph3?A.Simple.C.Effective.B.Complicated.D.Convenient.15.WhatdoesSikunLinsayaboutthisapproach?A.Itispracticalfordailyuse.B.Ithasbeenwidelyusedinart.C.Itwillenrichpeople'simagination.D.Itwillbeappliedinabroadrange.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thebenefitsofwalkingaremany,butdecidinghowmanymilestocoverandhowmuchtimetospendwalkingeachdayisanothermatter.StudieshaveshownthattheaverageAmericantakesbetween3,000and4,000stepsdailydoingeverydaytings-about1.5to2miles.16 ButtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)advisesmostadultstoaimfor10,000stepsadayorabout5miles.Andtherecommendationcontributestomorepositivehealthoutcomes. 17 Youcanmeasureyoureffortsinquantitiesoftimeinstead.“Asawalker,youshouldaimforatleast30minutesperday,oratotalof150minutesperweek,”saysAustin,alicensedpsychotherapist.What'smore,if30minutesofwalkingisunrealisticforyoutodoallatonce,thenbreakingitupintthreeshort,10-minutesessions. 18 Itmayalsobehelpfultohealthtomakewalkingapartofone'sdailyroutine.Peoplecantakethestairsinsteadoftheelevator,parkattheotherendofthelotandwalkafurtherdistancetoastore'sentrancewhenshopping.19Thenwalktherestofthewayhome.Alltheseadditionalstepscanbeacquiredcreatively,beyondfixedwalkingtime.Ontopofsuchphysicalbenefits,walkinghasbeenshowntoimprovesleepandmentalhealthincludingmoodandself-esteem. 20_Therefore,itisfreeandwellacceptedbythemajorityofpeople.Ifoneisreadytoimproveoveralllevelsoffitness,walkingticksalltherightboxes.A.Combinewalkingwitheverydayroutine.B.Theywillprovidethesamehealthbenefits.CWhatifcountingresultsbymilesisn'tyourthing?D.Still,whynotgetoffpublictransportationastopearly?E.Walkingsessionsshouldbecontinuoustobebeneficial.F.Thatamountalonehasbeenshowntolowerone'sdeathrisk.G.Walkingrequiresnospecialequipment,gymmembershiportraining.

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I'vealwaysbeencrazyaboutpandas.MydrawersarefullofpandaT-shirtsandmypencilcaseandpursebothhavepandasonthem.SowhenIfoundoutthatmyparentsplannedtotakemeonatriptoChengdu,whichistheplaceinChinaforpandas,Icouldn'tbelievemy22Iimmediatelystarteddoingmy_23,andIfoundattheDujiangyanpandabase,Icouldactuallyvolunteerto24withthepandas!Thevolunteer.Programlastsalldayand25cleaningthehabitatsandcarvingbambooforpandas.The26oftheday,though,camewhenwehadtheopportunityto 27 oneofthepandas,twice!Igavesticksofbambootoonegiantpanda,anditwasabsolutely 28 tospendtimeone-on-onewithsuchacuteanimal.Thenwespentaboutanhourwatchingadocumentaryto29moreaboutthebase.Itoperatesasapandashelter,30pandasthathavebeeninjuredtorecoverandgetreadytogobackintothe31again.Italsoworksonpandabreedingtohelp32thepandapopulation.Itishardworkbutenjoyableand33.IcamebackfromChengduwithafewmorethingstoaddtomy34.NowIhaveapairofpandaslippersandeverytimeIputthemon,Ithinkaboutmy35dayatthepandabase.21.A：savingB.seeingC.trainingD.releasing22.A.eyesB.favourC.luckD.dream23.A.dutyB.jobC.homeworkD.research24：出workB.liveC.learnD.struggle25.A.featuresB.intendsC.allowsD.includes26.A.goalB.riskC.highlightD.end27.A.approachB.feedC.followD.check28.A.tenseB.awfulC.urgentD.incredible29.A.forecastB.exploreC.readD.list30.A.helpingB.backingC.promisingD.instructing31.A.baseB.reserveC.wildD.field32.A.doubleB.controlC.balanceD.grow33.A.relaxingB.amusingC.memorableD.flexible34.A.searchB.collectionC.hobbyD.gifts35AamazingB.adventurousC.challengingD.comforting第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dough（面团）sculpture，alsoknownasdoughflowers，36（date）backtotheHanDynasty(202BC-220).AcrossnorthChina37thefolkartiswidelyspread,peopletakedoughworksasreligiousofferingsandweddinggifts.“Thedoughismadeofwheatstarch（淀粉），glutinousriceflourandhoney，”saidLiuZenghui，adoughsculptureinheritorinBinzhou,ShandongProvince.Liustartedtolearndoughsculptureatanearlyage.Hisworkscenteron 38(hero)ofancientChinesemythsandclassics.Eachfigure,39theirshape,hairtothemusclesandlooks,issovividandeye-catching.WatchingLiuworkis40visualdelight.Afterhefirstshapesthecolorfuldoughintoasimpleoutline,it41(attach)toasmallstick.Withaknife,thread,andtoothpicks,hethenrefinesitandeventuallycreatesalifelikeandvisually42(strike)doughsculpture.“Youcan'tbetoocarefultocontroltheknife,becauseoncethereisawrongcut,youneedtostartalloveragain.Concentrationisfundamental.”Liusaidinhisquietworkshop,whichensuresminimalnoiseand43(disturb).Also,Liu'isgladtobeinvited 44(give)lecturesatschools.“Makingthetraditionalart45(access)tochildrenmeansnotonlyfunbutawaytokeepitalive,”hesaid.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假定你是李华，正准备参加校英文诗歌朗诵比赛。请给外教Mr.Brown写一封邮件，内容包括：1．介绍比赛；2．请他推荐英文诗歌；3．请他帮忙指导。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearMr.Brown,Yourssincerely,LiHua第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Zackjoinedourfamilytwoyearsago.ThefirsttimeIsawhiminacaringcenter,hewassittinginacorner,lonelyandnervous.WhenIgotcloser,hetriedtoavoideyecontactandforcedasmile.I