2023届四川省南充市高三下学期高考适应性考试（二诊）英语试题

2023届四川省南充市高三下学期高考适应性考试（二诊）英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解Startinganewbookcanfeellikeabitofacommitment,butitdoesn’thavetobe!Herearefourbooksyoucanreadinasingleday.TheHouseonMangoStreetReleasedin1984andwrittenbyMexican-AmericanauthorSandraCisneros,TheHouseonMangoStreetisonly103pageslong.It’sarapidreadforthoselookingtodiptheirtoesintothewater,butitstilldealswithcomplexthemesandimportantsubjectmattersincludinglanguage,race,ageingandtroubles.TheMidnightLibraryTheMidnightLibraryfromtheEnglishauthorMattHaigwasreleasedin2020.It’s288pages,whichmakesitalittlemorechallengingbutstillabsolutelydoableinasingleday.Thenovelisallaboutstorytelling,withNoraSeedexploringthe“whatifs”ofherlife.ThePerilousLifeofJadeYeoReleasedin2012andwrittenbythefantasticMalaysian-EnglishauthorZenCho,thepagecountisanextremelymanageable76pages,whichmakesthisanothereffectivefirstreadinoneday.ThenovelissetinLondoninthe1920sandfollowsthelifeofanotherwriter,JadeYeo.Thereisevenenoughtimeforreaderstoappreciateafilmadaptationofthebookafterreadingit.StardustThe1999novelbyEnglishauthorNeilGaimanisaperfectpresentationofthewriter’sfantasystylingsattheirbest.Stardust,whichbecameamajormotionpicture,sitsat256pages.It’sepicinitsscale,butthereadercanfitthenovelintoasingleday,givingthematruesenseofabsoluteescapismtothefantasylandofStormhold.1．WhatisNOTinvolvedinthebookwrittenbySandraCisneros?A．Language. B．Race. C．Literature D．Growingold2．Whichbookisabitmoredifficulttofinishinaday?A．TheHouseonMangoStreet.B．TheMidnightLibraryC．ThePerilousLifeofJadeYeo.D．Stardust3．WhatdoThePerilousLifeofJadeYeoandStardusthaveincommon?A．TheyarebothsetinLondon.B．Theyarebothintendedforfantasyreaders.C．Theywerebothmadeintoafilm.D．Thecharactersinthetwobooksarefictional.Foryears,Ilivedoutofasuitcase,everreadytogetonaflightwheneverIgotachance.Discoveringtheworldthroughtheeyesofawriter,Idiligentlyaddednotetoeveryexperience,committingittopaperforwhenmemoryfaded.Iwasalwayseagerforthenextdestination.However,thepandemicbroughtallmyflightsoffancytoasuddenhalt,asitdidforeveryoneelse.Withtheworldlockeddownformonths,thedesirefortravelinmewaned.Whatplacewasbetterthanhome?Butwhatreallywashome?IwasborninthecostalcityofMumbai.Havinglivedherefor15years,therewerepartsIknewatlengthandloved,andothersbeyondmycomfortzone,whichIhadn’texplored.Idecidedtobecomeatourist,seeingthecityanewthroughtheeyesofavisitor,ratherthanmyboredonesasalocal.IwentonasunsetcruiseforthefirsttimeonatinysailboatonthemagicalArabianSea.Butmostofthetimewespentindoors.TheUnitedNationsWorldTourismOrganizationsaidthebiggestchallengeofpandemictravelistheuncertaintyandthedifferentrulesindifferentcountriestoobey.Ifinallygotonaplanetomakeittotheclosestdestinationpossibletousbyflight—thesunshinestateofGoa,lessthananhourawayfromMumbai.Puttingmytoeintosoftpowderysandwasprecious,evenafteralifetimeorexotictravel.Afteraweekofblissonthebeach,though,Iwasrelievedtobebackhome.Eversince,Ihavemadeafewshortjourneysbutthetravelbugseemstohavebeenputdown,atleastfornow.Butevenastouristswillbeflockingalloverasrevengetraveltakesover,Ihaverealizedthatthereisnoplacequitelikehome.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“waned”meaninparagraph2?A．Appeared. B．Paused. C．Declined. D．Climbed.5．Whatisthebiggestchallengetotravelduringthepandemictime?A．Thecrowdedtrafficincertaindestinations.B．People’sfearofbeinginfectedbytheviruses.C．Thehighcostoftravellinginsuchaspecialtime.D．Thedifferentpoliciestoobserveindifferentnations.6．WhichstatementisNOTcorrectaccordingtothetext?A．Theexotictravelisbetterthanthatofathome.B．TheauthorusedtohavegreatpassionfortravellingC．TheauthorfeltrelaxedafteraweekoffunonthebeachD．Theauthorexploredhis/hercityfromanewperspective7．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．MyTravellingThirstSatisfiedatHomeB．MyDesireforTravellinginthePandemicC．MyRevengeTravellingafterthePandemicD．ChallengesofTravellingTakenatHomeFromlittlehummingbirds(蜂鸟)tobigwildgeese,roughlyhalfoftheworld’smorethan10,000birdspeciesmigrate.Longerwingsandstrongflyingmusclesoftenhelpthesebirdsflyintheairforalongdistance.Butanewstudyofnearlyallbirdspeciessuggestsmanymigratorsshareanotherunexpectedflightaid:lighter-coloredfeathers.Researcherssaythathavingmorelightlycoloredfeathersthannon-migratingbirdsmayhelptheselong-distanceflyersstaycoolastheyworkhardunderthehotsuntofly.It’sknownthatcolorcanhelpbirdshidefromsomedangerousanimalswhichcanhuntthemasfood,orattractmatesbystandingout.Butcolorhasdelicateeffectstoo,includingregulatingtemperaturebyabsorbingorreflectinglight,saysKasparDelhey.Forexample,birdeggslaidincolderclimatestendtobedarker,whichmayhelpkeepthemwarm.Migratingbirdspushtheirbodiestothephysiologicallimit,whichcreatesmoreheat.Somespeciesdealingwiththeproblembyflyingtocoolerairduringdaytime.“Ifoverheatingisaprobleminmigratorybirds,anotherwayofdealingwiththatwouldbetoevolvelightercolorsthatabsorblessheat,”Delheysays.Delheyandhiscolleaguesanalyzedover20,000picturesof10,618birdspecies,rankingwinglightnessforeachspeciesandcomparingthatwithhowfarthebirdsfly.Onaverage,lightnessslightlyincreasedwithmigratorydistance,theteamfound.Thelongest-distancemigratorswereabout4percentlighterthanno-migrators,aneffectthatwasn’texplainedbysize,climateorhabitattypefordifferentspecies.“It’snotabigdifference,”Delheysays,notingthatmanymigratorsaredarklycolored,perhapsforreasonsunrelatedtoflight.Butthetrendwassignificantlyconsistent.8．Whatadvantageofthemigratorsisbeyondpeople’sknowledge?A．Theyhavelargegroups.B．Theyhavelongerwings.C．Theyhavestrongbodies.D．Theyhavelighter-coloredfeathers.9．Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofthebirdeggs?A．Toindicatethatthedarkcolorscanreflectlight.B．Toexplainwhybirdskeepeggswarmincoldclimates.C．Toprovethatcolorplaysaroleinadjustingtemperatures.D．Toshowhowcolorhelpsbirdsavoidbeingseenbyhunters.10．Whatproblemdomigratorshavetodealwithduringmigration?A．Thelackoffood.B．Thelongdistance.C．Thecoolerandcoolerclimate.D．Theincreasingbodytemperature.11．Howdidtheresearchersgettheirconclusion?A．Bycheckingfigures.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Bymakingquestionnaires.D．Bydrawingpictures.Inprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.Thisdietaryadviceforhandlingobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.Yet,despiteallthecaloriecounting,dietingandexercising,worldwideobesityratesjustkeepsoaringup.Inarecentpaper,researchersquestionthebasicassumptionofwhethertakinginmorecaloriesthanyouburnreallyistheprimarycauseofobesity.Theyarguethattheevidenceactuallypointstheotherway:wearedriventoovereatbecausewearegettingfatter.Thismayseemincredible,butconsidertherapidadolescentgrowth.Astheirgrowthratespeedsup,teenagersmayeatmuchmorethantheyusedto.Doesthis“overeating”causetherapidgrowth?Ordoestherapidgrowthmaketeenshungriersotheyeatmore?Clearlythelatter,asadultswon’tgrowtaller,nomatterhowmuchtheyeat.Afewhoursaftereatingahigh-carbmeal,thenumberofcaloriesinthebloodstreamdropsdramatically,sowegethungriersooner.Fromthisperspective,thedifficultyresistinghungerthatsomanydietershaveisn’tasignofpoordiscipline,butratherabiologicalprobleminvolvinghowourbodiesdistributethecaloriesweconsume.Alow-calorie,low-fatdietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergy,worseninghungerwithoutaddressingtheunderlyingtendencytostoretoomanycaloriesinbodyfat.Consequently,weightlossbecomesabattlebetweenmindandmetabolism(新陈代谢)thatmostpeoplewillprobablylose.Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtotestthiscontroversialidea,itistimetoquestionthebasicassumptionsaboutcauseandeffect,caloriesandweightgainthathavedominatedourthinkingfordecades.12．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?A．Itisextremelytoughtodealwithoverweight.B．Eatinglessandmovingmorewillmakeyouloseweight.C．Weareforcedtoeatmorefoodbecausewearegettingfatter.D．Takinginmorecaloriesthanyouburnisthemaincauseofobesity.13．Whyisitdifficultfordieterstoresisthungeraccordingtothetext?A．Becausethedietersarefondofeatingahigh-carbmeal.B．Becausesomeofthedietersareweakinself-discipline.C．Becausethenumberofcaloriesintheblooddropsdramatically.D．Becausethecaseismorerelatedtothedistributionofcaloriestakenin.14．Whatcanwelearnaboutalow-calorie,low-fatdietaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Itcausespeopletofeelhungrier.B．Itsolvesthetendencyfortoomuchfat.C．Itprovidestheenergypeopleneed.D．Itmakespeoplelosetheirmetabolism.15．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthecauseandeffectbetweencaloriesandweightgain?A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Indifferent.二、七选五Speakingwithpeoplewhoaresufferingisdifficult.____16____Sometimesit’sjustdifficulttoknowwhattosay.Wordsfailus.Herearesometipsfortalkingaboutillnesswithlovedones.____17____Visitthem,orifthat’snotpossible,justcallthem.Don’tworryifyouweren’tthereintheirexacthourofneed.It’simportanttoletthemknowyou’vebeenthinkingofthemandthatyouregretthedelay.Askspecificopenquestions.Yourfriendwillnodoubthavearoutineresponseto“Howareyoufeeling?”Sosteerawayfromroutinepolitenessbyaskingspecificopenquestions,suchas,“Somuchhashappenedsincewelastspoke,tellmewhat’sbeengoingonwithyou.”____18____Don’targuewiththem.Youmayindeedbelievethatdrinkingherbteaisacure-all,orafriendofyourfriendmightwellhavebenefitedfromadietarychange.____19____Yourfriendislikelyexhaustedandsensitive,sothereisnoneedtocontradicttheirlivedexperience.Letthemleadtheconversationabouttheirhealth,whichisasmallconcessionthatyoushouldmake.Knowhowtoassistthem.Ifyou’vegiventhemenoughroomtotalk,youshouldhaveawealthofinformationabouthowtohelpthem.____20____Dotheylikebeinginthegarden?Maybeyou’vebeencuttingyourownlawnandcouldbringthemowerroundbeforeyouputitaway.A．Reachouttoyourunwelllovedone.B．Approachthesituationinagentlemanner.C．Butrememberwhereyouareandwhyyouarethere.D．Peopleinpaincanoftenbebad-tempered,distantorgreatlyinneed.E．Yoursickfriendorrelativeisliterallyanexpertinwhatit’sliketolivewithsickness.F．Specificinformationsuchasdiagnosisandsymptomsiswhattheyarewillingtoshare.G．Makesuggestionstoyourfriendsbasedonyourcloselisteningandknowledgeoftheirhistory.三、完形填空Whilethereisn’tanythinguniqueaboutan8-year-oldlongingforapetdog,theextremestowhichJennaBateswaswillingtogomakeherunique.“Mydadreallydidn’twantadog,soIknewIhadtodosomethingsuper___21___toearnone,”shesaid.ThenJenna___22___withadealherfathercouldn’t___23___.She’d___24___sugarofalltypesforayear,andherparentswouldrewardherstrong___25___withapuppydog.“Oh,she’llnever___26___it.”Mr.Batessaid.Hefiguredadayofwatchingherfriendseatpizzawouldendanymore___27___aboutdogs.Afterall,Jennahadnevereven___28___toreadafoodlabelbeforemakingthisdeal.___29___heraffectionforsweets,shestartedthedealwithconfidence.AsJennareadthe____30____onthefood,shewas____31____tolearnmostchips,ketchup,bread,andcrackershadaddedsugar.“ThenIlookedatmy____32____meal,andthenIlookedatmynormallunch.Ithought,“WhatdidIdo?”shesaid.“Butthen,Ithought,‘Icandoitformydog!’”Thenthatkept____33____overandover.Actually,shefoundherself____34____hernewlivingwaysocompletelythatshehadnoplanstogiveitup.Dad____35____broughtforwardhisendofthe____36____earlierthismonth.Thefamily____37____fortwohourstopickuptheir____38____member—Lucy,thegoldendoodle.Jennamaynotbesurehowmuchlongershe’llstayawayfromsugar,____39____sheissureaboutonething—beingadogownerisevenbetterthanshe’d____40____.21．A．hard B．simple C．sharp D．urgent22．A．caughtup B．putup C．filledup D．cameup23．A．help B．think C．resist D．regret24．A．miss B．lose C．link D．quit25．A．will B．strength C．desire D．purpose26．A．get B．make C．lose D．bring27．A．conversations B．options C．sections D．solutions28．A．agreed B．bothered C．aimed D．intended29．A．Infavorof B．Intermsof C．Inspiteof D．Inhonorof30．A．dates B．names C．labels D．brands31．A．worried B．pleased C．thrilled D．horrified32．A．expensive B．healthy C．delicious D．entire33．A．remaining B．reminding C．repeating D．reviewing34．A．expecting B．embracing C．evaluating D．exploring35．A．frequently B．cautiously C．deliberately D．officially36．A．bargain B．problem C．lesson D．budget37．A．walked B．chose C．drove D．separated38．A．oldest B．newest C．best D．fastest39．A．but B．so C．or D．and40．A．recommended B．predicted C．understood D．imagined四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chengdu,thecapitalofSichuanProvinceinChina,____41____(recognise)as“thelandofabundance”foralongtime.Withrichculturalheritage,Chengduisoneofthe____42____(hot)destinationsfortouristsinChina.Fortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop____43____(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedtothenon-profitPandaBase,____44____theticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.Iwasallowedtogetupclosetothese____45____(adore)animalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.ThetitlewillbeofficiallygiventomeataceremonyinLondon.ButImadeaconnectionwithpandasearlier,____46____(date)backtomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermitted____47____(film)aspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.MyambassadorialdutieswillincludeintroducingBritishvisitors____48____the120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Chengduishometotheraregiantpandaandfamousfor____49____(it)gorgeousscenicspotsandnumeroushistoricalsites.Soifyouwanttoseeboththelovelypandasandthebreathtakingsceneryinoneshotatthesametime,youshouldvisitChengduandenjoy____50____itcouldeveroffer.五、短文改错51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加个漏字符号（/\），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：

1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。LastSaturday,mygrandparentsinvitedustotheirhouseincountrysidetohelpharvestpeanuts.Wejumpedfortheinvitation.Thenextday,myparentsandIhadhardlyreachedthedestinationwhileweweregreetedbyagreenpeanutsfield.IwassoexcitedthatIrolledupmysleevesimmediateandsetaboutdigpeanuts.Inthebeginning,Iwasenthusiasticandenergetic.However,afterawhile,myhandsbegantobeacheandIwasbathinginsweat.Grandmanoticedmysituation,butsheremindedmetotakeabreakbeforestartingagain.OnlythendoIlearnanimportantlifelesson:harvestandcomfortcannotcoexist.六、告知信/通知52．假设你是李华，你的英国笔友John对中国的传统节日非常感兴趣，清明节将至，他发来邮件询问有关清明节的信息，请你用英文给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.节日的时间；2.节日的活动；3.节日的意义。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：清明节theTomb-SweepingDayDearJohn,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua参考答案：1．C

2．B

3．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是可以在一天内读完的四本书的相关情况。1．细节理解题。根据TheHouseonMangoStreet部分的“Releasedin1984andwrittenbyMexican-AmericanauthorSandraCisneros,TheHouseonMangoStreetisonly103pageslong.It’sarapidreadforthoselookingtodiptheirtoesintothewater,butitstilldealswithcomplexthemesandimportantsubjectmattersincludinglanguage,race,ageingandtroubles.(《芒果街上的房子》出版于1984年，由墨西哥裔美国作家SandraCisneros撰写，全书只有103页。这本书对于那些想要涉水的人来说是一本快速读物，但它仍然涉及复杂的主题和重要的主题，包括语言、种族、衰老和烦恼)”可知，SandraCisneros写的书中没有涉及文学。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据TheMidnightLibrary部分的“It’s288pages,whichmakesitalittlemorechallengingbutstillabsolutelydoableinasingleday.(这本书有288页，这使得它更具挑战性，但在一天内仍然完全可以完成)”可知，TheMidnightLibrary这本书在一天内读完比较难。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据ThePerilousLifeofJadeYeo部分的“Thereisevenenoughtimeforreaderstoappreciateafilmadaptationofthebookafterreadingit.(这本书甚至有足够的时间让读者在读完之后欣赏根据这本书改编的电影)”和Stardust部分的“Stardust,whichbecameamajormotionpicture,sitsat256pages.(Stardust后来成为一部重要的电影，长达256页)”可知，ThePerilousLifeofJadeYeo和Stardust两本书的共同点是它们都被拍成了电影。故选C。4．C

5．D

6．A

7．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者很喜欢旅游，但是疫情期间旅游受限，作者反而觉得没有哪个地方比得上家。4．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段划线单词前一句“However,thepandemicbroughtallmyflightsoffancytoasuddenhalt,asitdidforeveryoneelse.(然而，像其他人一样，疫情让我所有的幻想都戛然而止。)”以及划线单词下一句“Whatplacewasbetterthanhome?(还有什么地方比家更好呢？)”可知，作者对于旅游的渴望没之前强烈了。选项A“Appeared(出现)”；选项B“Paused(停止)”；选项C“Declined(下降)”；选项D“Climbed(爬)”。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“TheUnitedNationsWorldTourismOrganizationsaidthebiggestchallengeofpandemictravelistheuncertaintyandthedifferentrulesindifferentcountriestoobey.(联合国世界旅游组织表示，疫情期间旅行的最大挑战是不确定性和不同国家要遵守的不同规则。)”可知，疫情期间旅行面对的最大挑战是需要遵守各个国家的不同规则。故选D。6．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Ifinallygotonaplanetomakeittotheclosestdestinationpossibletousbyflight—thesunshinestateofGoa,lessthananhourawayfromMumbai.

Puttingmytoeintosoftpowderysandwasprecious,evenafteralifetimeorexotictravel.Afteraweekofblissonthebeach,though,Iwasrelievedtobebackhome.(我终于坐上了飞机，飞往离我们最近的目的地——阳光普照的果阿邦，距离孟买不到一小时的路程。把脚趾伸进柔软的粉状沙子里是很珍贵的，即使是在经历了一生或异国旅行之后。不过，在海滩上享受了一周的幸福之后，回到家让我松了一口气。)”可知，国内旅游不比异国旅游差。选项A“Theexotictravelisbetterthanthatofathome.(异国旅行比在国内好。)”表述错误。故选A。7．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Eversince,Ihavemadeafewshortjourneysbutthetravelbugseemstohavebeenputdown,atleastfornow.Butevenastouristswillbeflockingalloverasrevengetraveltakesover,Ihaverealizedthatthereisnoplacequitelikehome.(从那以后，我做了几次短途旅行，但至少现在，旅行的毛病似乎已经被放下了。但是，尽管游客们会蜂拥而来，因为报复性旅游占据了上风，但我已经意识到，没有哪个地方比得上家。)”可知，作者对旅游的渴望被家的感觉所治愈了。所以“MyTravellingThirstSatisfiedatHome(我的旅行渴望在家里得到了满足)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。8．D

9．C

10．D

11．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员的新发现：长途迁徙的候鸟拥有颜色更浅的羽毛。8．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Butanewstudyofnearlyallbirdspeciessuggestsmanymigratorsshareanotherunexpectedflightaid:lighter-coloredfeathers.(但一项针对几乎所有鸟类的新的研究表明，许多候鸟都有另一种意想不到的飞行辅助物：颜色较浅的羽毛。)”以及第二段“Researcherssaythathavingmorelightlycoloredfeathersthannon-migratingbirdsmayhelptheselong-distanceflyersstaycoolastheyworkhardunderthehotsuntofly.(研究人员说，与非迁徙鸟类相比，羽毛颜色更浅这可能有助于这些长途飞行的鸟类在炎热的太阳下努力飞行时保持凉爽。)”可知，很多候鸟羽毛颜色较浅，这有助于它们长途飞行，这是人们以前没有认识到的。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Butcolorhasdelicateeffectstoo,includingregulatingtemperaturebyabsorbingorreflectinglight,saysKasparDelhey.Forexample,birdeggslaidincolderclimatestendtobedarker,whichmayhelpkeepthemwarm.(但颜色也有微妙的影响，包括通过吸收或反射光线来调节温度，KasparDelhey说。例如，在寒冷气候下的鸟蛋往往颜色较深，这可能有助于保暖。)”可知，作者提到鸟蛋的例子是为了证明上句的观点：颜色有微妙的影响，能够通过吸收或反射光线来调节温度。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Migratingbirdspushtheirbodiestothephysiologicallimit,whichcreatesmoreheat.Somespeciesdealingwiththeproblembyflyingtocoolerairduringdaytime.‘Ifoverheatingisaprobleminmigratorybirds,anotherwayofdealingwiththatwouldbetoevolvelightercolorsthatabsorblessheat,’Delheysays.(迁徙的鸟类将身体推向生理极限，从而产生更多的热量。一些物种通过在白天飞到凉爽的空气中来解决这个问题。‘如果过热是候鸟的一个问题，另一种处理方法是进化出更浅的颜色，吸收更少的热量，’Delhey说。)”可知，候鸟在迁徙过程中必须解决体温升高的问题。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据第五段“Delheyandhiscolleaguesanalyzedover20,000picturesof10,618birdspecies,rankingwinglightnessforeachspeciesandcomparingthatwithhowfarthebirdsfly.Onaverage,lightnessslightlyincreasedwithmigratorydistance,theteamfound.Thelongest-distancemigratorswereabout4percentlighterthanno-migrators,aneffectthatwasn’texplainedbysize,climateorhabitattypefordifferentspecies.(Delhey和他的同事分析了10,618种鸟类的20,000多张照片，对每种鸟类的翅膀颜色深浅度进行排名，并将其与鸟类的飞行距离进行比较。研究小组发现，平均而言，随着迁徙距离越远，颜色也越浅。迁徙距离最长的候鸟比留鸟颜色浅约4%，这种影响并不能用不同物种的大小、气候或栖息地类型来解释。。)”可知，研究人员通过比较鸟类迁徙距离和羽毛颜色的深浅度得出研究结论。故选B。12．A

13．D

14．A

15．B【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是在最近的一篇论文中，研究人员质疑了一个基本假设，即摄入的卡路里是否真的是导致肥胖的主要原因。他们认为，事实恰恰相反:我们之所以吃得过多，是因为我们越来越胖。12．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Yet,despiteallthecaloriecounting,dietingandexercising,worldwideobesityratesjustkeepsoaringup.(然而，尽管我们在计算卡路里、节食和锻炼，全球肥胖率仍在飙升。)”可知，处理超重问题是极其困难的。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Fromthisperspective,thedifficultyresistinghungerthatsomanydietershaveisn’tasignofpoordiscipline,butratherabiologicalprobleminvolvinghowourbodiesdistributethecaloriesweconsume.(从这个角度来看，许多节食者难以抵抗饥饿并不是缺乏自制力的表现，而是一个生物学问题，涉及到我们的身体如何分配我们消耗的卡路里。)”可知，节食者很难抵抗饥饿是因为这种情况更与摄入的卡路里分布有关。故选D。14．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Alow-calorie,low-fatdietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergy,worseninghungerwithoutaddressingtheunderlyingtendencytostoretoomanycaloriesinbodyfat.(低卡路里、低脂肪的饮食进一步限制了本已有限的能量供应，加剧了饥饿感，却没有解决身体脂肪中储存过多卡路里的潜在趋势。)”可知，低热量低脂肪饮食使人们感到更饿。故选A。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtotestthiscontroversialidea,itistimetoquestionthebasicassumptionsaboutcauseandeffect,caloriesandweightgainthathavedominatedourthinkingfordecades.(虽然还需要更多的研究来验证这个有争议的想法，但现在是时候质疑几十年来主导我们思维的关于因果关系、卡路里和体重增加的基本假设了。)”可知，作者对卡路里和体重增加之间的因果关系持怀疑态度，故选B。16．D

17．A

18．F

19．C

20．G【导语】本文是一篇说明文。和正在遭受痛苦的人交谈是困难的，有时候会无话可说，作者在文中介绍了一些如何与所爱的亲人朋友谈论疾病的建议。16．上文“Speakingwithpeoplewhoaresufferingisdifficult.(与正在遭受痛苦的人交谈是很困难的。)”说明与正在受苦的人交谈是个难题；D选项“Peopleinpaincanoftenbebad-tempered,distantorgreatlyinneed.(处于痛苦中的人往往脾气暴躁、冷漠或非常需要帮助。)”承接上文，阐述了与正遭受痛苦的人交谈很难的原因，选项中的“Peopleinpain”与上文“peoplewhoaresuffering”表达的内容一致。故选D。17．由文章结构分析可知，设空处为此段的主旨句，结合第三、四、五段的段首句可知，设空处应为祈使句；由下文“Visitthem,orifthat’snotpossible,justcallthem.Don’tworryifyouweren’tthereintheirexacthourofneed.It’simportanttoletthemknowyou’vebeenthinkingofthemandthatyouregretthedelay.(看望他们，或者如果不可能，请致电他们。如果您在他们需要的确切时间不在那里，请不要担心。重要的是要让他们知道你一直在想他们，并且你对延迟感到遗憾。)”可知此段建议主动伸出援手，联系你身体不适的亲人或朋友，让他们知道你在惦记着他们。A选项“Reachouttoyourunwelllovedone.(主动联系您身体不适的亲人。)”符合本段主旨，适合作为主旨句。故选A。18．由主旨句“Askspecificopenquestions.(问一些具体的开放性问题。)”以及设空处上文“Sosteerawayfromroutinepolitenessbyaskingspecificopenquestions,suchas,‘Somuchhashappenedsincewelastspoke,tellmewhat’sbeengoingonwithyou.’(所以，避开常规的礼貌，问一些具体的开放性问题，比如，‘自从我们上次谈话以来，发生了很多事情，告诉我你发生了什么事。’)”可知，本段建议问一些具体的开放性的问题；F选项“Specificinformationsuchasdiagnosisandsymptomsiswhattheyarewillingtoshare.(诊断和症状等具体信息是他们愿意分享的。)”举例说明哪些具体信息是身体不适的人愿意交流的，符合语境，选项中的“Specificinformation”与上文以及主旨句中的“askingspecificopenquestions”相对应。故选F。19．由主旨句“Don’targuewiththem.(不要和他们争论。)”可知此段建议不要和身体不适的人争论；上文“Youmayindeedbelievethatdrinkingherbteaisacure-all,orafriendofyourfriendmightwellhavebenefitedfromadietarychange.(你可能真的相信喝草药茶是包治百病的良药，或者你朋友的朋友很可能从饮食变化中受益。)”说明你可能会有自己的观点；C选项“Butrememberwhereyouareandwhyyouarethere.(但要记住你在哪里，你为什么在那里。)”承接上文，说明即使你有自己的观点，但是要记住你是在和病人交谈，不要反驳他们；下文“Yourfriendislikelyexhaustedandsensitive,sothereisnoneedtocontradicttheirlivedexperience.(你的朋友可能很疲惫和敏感的，所以没有必要反驳他们的生活经验。)”承接C选项，阐述了不要与生病的人争论的原因；由此可知，C选项符合语境。故选C。20．上文“Knowhowtoassistthem.Ifyou’vegiventhemenoughroomtotalk,youshouldhaveawealthofinformationabouthowtohelpthem.(知道如何帮助他们。如果你给了他们足够的谈话空间，你应该有很多关于如何帮助他们的信息)”说明在交谈中要知道如何去帮助对方；G选项“Makesuggestionstoyourfriendsbasedonyourcloselisteningandknowledgeoftheirhistory.(根据你的仔细倾听和对他们历史的了解，给你的朋友提出建议。)”阐述了可以通过认真倾听以及根据对对方过去的了解，给出符合实际情况的一些建议，来给与帮助；下文“Dotheylikebeinginthegarden?Maybeyou’vebeencuttingyourownlawnandcouldbringthemowerroundbeforeyouputitaway.(他们喜欢呆在花园里吗？也许你一直在修剪自己的草坪，在你把它收起来之前，可以把割草机带过来。)”承接选项G,举例说明如何根据对所爱的人的了解来提供帮助。由此可知G选项，符合语境。故选G。21．A

22．D

23．C

24．D

25．A

26．B

27．A

28．B

29．C

30．C

31．D

32．B

33．C

34．B

35．D

36．A

37．C

38．B

39．A

40．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位名叫JennaBates的女孩，一年前向她的父母提出了一个想法——她将戒糖一年以换取一只小狗，她做到了，如愿以偿获得小狗。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我爸爸真的不想养狗，所以我知道我必须做一些超级困难的事情来赢得一只狗。”A.hard困难的；B.simple简单的，朴素的；C.sharp锋利的，敏锐的；D.urgent紧急的。根据上文“Whilethereisn’tanythinguniqueaboutan8-year-oldlongingforapetdog,theextremestowhichJennaBateswaswillingtogomakeherunique.”以及下文“She’d___4___sugarofalltypesforayear,andherparentswouldrewardherstrong___5___withapuppydog.”可知，JennaBates想通过完成一件超难的事情，让爸爸答应她养狗。故选A。22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Jenna想出了一个她父亲无法抗拒的交易。A.caughtup赶上，追上；B.putup张贴；C.filledup充满，（使）填满；D.cameup出现，被提及。由下文“She’d___4___sugarofalltypesforayear,andherparentswouldrewardherstrong___5___withapuppydog.”可知Jenna想出了一个父亲无法抗拒的、会同意她养狗的交易，动词短语comeupwith意为“想出，想到”符合句意。故选D。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后Jenna想出了一个她父亲无法抗拒的交易。A.help帮助；B.think认为，考虑；C.resist阻挡，抵制；D.regret懊悔，对……感到遗憾。由上文“Mydadreallydidn’twantadog”可知Jenna的爸爸真的不想养狗，然而Jenna想得到一条小狗，因此，她所想出的这个交易应该是她爸爸无法抗拒的，can’tresist意为“无法抗拒，难以拒绝”符合句意。故选C。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在一年里会戒掉所有类型的糖，她的父母会用一只小狗来奖励她坚强的意志。A.miss错过，思念；B.lose丢失，失去；C.link连接，与……有关联；D.quit戒掉。根据下文“Jennamaynotbesurehowmuchlongershe’llstayawayfromsugar,___19___sheissureaboutonething—beingadogownerisevenbetterthanshe’d___20___.”可知Jenna和爸爸达成的协议是戒糖一年，父母奖励她一条小狗。故选D。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在一年里会戒掉所有类型的糖，她的父母会用一只小狗来奖励她坚强的意志。A.will意志，毅力；B.str