英语（新高考全国Ⅰ卷B卷）（全解全析）

2023年高考第二模拟考试卷英语（新高考全国Ⅰ卷B卷）全解全析（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?A．Sunny. B．Cloudy. C．Rainy.【答案】B【原文】M:Here’stheweatherforecastforthenextfewdays.We’vegotsunnyskiesatthemomentbutthat’snotgoingtolastlong.W:Bytomorrowitwillbecloudybutitwon’tactuallyraintillSaturday.2．Whatisthewomandoing?A．WatchingTV. B．Doinghomework. C．Listeningtomusic.【答案】C【原文】M:HiAnnie.It’sTonyhere.Areyoubusy?W:Notreally.I’mlisteningtomusicatthemoment.Ihavedoneallmyhomeworkquicklybecausethere’saTVprogramIwanttosee.It’llstartinabouthalfanhour.3．Whatarethespeakersprobablytalkingabout?A．Acourse. B．Anaircraft. C．Acrewman.【答案】A【原文】W:Tellmeaboutyourtrainingtobeamemberofthecabincrew,David.Whatdidyoulearnfromthecourse?M:Duringthefirsttwoweekstrainingwasbasicallyabouttheairlineandcustomerservice.Wealsolearnedaboutthetypesofaircraftandfirst-aidskills.4．Howdidthewomangethomelastnight?A．Bytrain. B．Bycar. C．Bybus.【答案】B【原文】M:Ididn’tseeyouleavethepartylastnightSarah.Ithoughtyouweregettingthetrainattwelve.W:IwassotiredthatIdecidedtogetanearlierbus.M:Didyouhavetowaitlong?W:Well,intheendPetedrovepastthebusstopandIgotaliftwithhim.5．Wherewillthemanbeat8tomorrowmorning?A．Inthediningroom. B．Atthereceptiondesk. C．Inhisoffice.【答案】C【原文】M:Ihopeyou’llhaveaveryhappystayinthehotel.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,I’llbeinthediningroombetween7and8thisevening.Ispendeverymorningbetween8and10inmyofficejustoverthereandI’mhappytotalktoyouthen.W:Canweleaveanymessageforyouatreception?M:Ofcourse.第二节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6．Howdidthemangettheuniversitybrochure?A．Fromthewoman. B．FromtheInternet. C．Fromafriend.7．WhatistheA-levelentrancerequirementforthecourse?A．BBC． B．BBB． C．BCC．【答案】6．B

7．C【原文】M:Hello,I’mconsideringapplyingtoyouruniversityandwouldliketoaskyousomequestions.W:Ofcourse.Whichcourseareyouthinkingofapplyingfor?M:AsianStudies.Afriendofminesaiditwasuseful.W:Isee.Doyouhaveacopyoftheuniversitybrochure?M:Yes,Ido.Idownloadedit.W:So,youknowthatit’safour-yearcourse,includingoneyearlivingandworkingintheregion.M:OK.TheA-levelentrancerequirementisBCC,right?W:Yes,butonaverageourstudentshave3Bs.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8．WhatwillthewomandofirstonWednesday?A．Workinalab. B．Gotoatutorial. C．Attendalecture.9．Whendoesthewomanhavethemostrelaxedday?A．OnWednesday. B．OnThursday. C．OnFriday.10．Howwillthewomanspendherweekend?A．Finishinghomework. B．Takingclasses. C．Enjoyingleisure.【答案】8．A

9．B

10．C【原文】M:You’vegotaratherbusyweekaheadofyou,haven’tyou?W:Well,actually,Wednesday’smybusiest.I’vegottwotutorials,alectureandachemistrylab.Thelab’sfirstthingat8am.Thatgoesuntil10am.Then,myfirsttutorialstartsat10amandcontinuesto12.Igettwohours’breakforlunchandrelaxation.Thenat2pmI’vegotanothertutorial.Thatgoesfortwohours.LastI’vegotmygeneticslecture.M:Whew!Thatsoundslikequiteafulldaytomorrow.Whatabouttherestoftheweek?W:Well,I’vegotnothingtodoonThursday,thankfully.AndFriday’sashortday;I’vejustgotalecturefrom10amto11am.SoI’mfreetoenjoytheweekend!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11．Whatdoesthemanwanttoseeaboutthereportfirst?A．Thetopic. B．Theoutline. C．Thereferencebooks.12．Whatistheman’sattitudetowardsreferringtootherstudents’reports?A．Worried. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful.13．Whichbookishardtoborrowfromthelibrary?A．ReportsandYou.B．MasteringYourReports.C．ReportResearchTechniques.【答案】11．A

12．B

13．C【原文】M:Thedeadlineforyourreportis

28May.Isthereanythingyou’dliketoask?W:Yes,wecanchooseanytopicswelike,can’twe?M:Well,doremembertogetyourtopicapprovedby

yourtutorfirst—oh,that’sme,isn’tit?W:Whatwouldyoulikeustoshowyouinitially,apartfromthetitle?M:Well,I’dliketoseeabasic

listofbooksyouwanttoreadandanoutlineofyourreport.W:OK.Wehavethe

researchguide

tohelpus.Canwelookatwhatotherstudentshavedonein

thepast?M:Yes,itcanbehelpful.Well,therearesomebooksinthelibrarythatcanhelpyouwithplanningareport.W:Great!M:Forexample,mypersonalfavoriteis“ReportsandYou”.Anothergoodoneis“MasteringYourReports”.There’sabookaboutresearchtechniques.Oh,it’scalled

“ReportResearchTechniques”.It’saverygoodbook.Butthereareonlytwocopiesinthelibrary.Soit’shardtoborrowitfromthelibrary.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14．Whatshouldthemandoatthefirstcrossroadwhilewalkingtothelibrary?A．Turnleft. B．Gostraight. C．Turnright.15．Whereisthelibrary?A．OnHillRoad. B．OnFirstAvenue. C．OnSecondAvenue.16．Whatisnexttothebookstore?A．Ahotel. B．Apub. C．Apostoffice.17．Whatdoesthemanwanttodobeforegoingtothebookstore?A．Withdrawsomemoney. B．Haveahaircut. C．Dosomeshopping.【答案】14．C

15．A

16．B

17．A【原文】M:Excuseme,couldyoutellmewheretheuniversitylibraryis?W:Yes,whenyouleavethebusstation,youshouldturnright.Andifyouwalkalittlewaydowntheroad,you’llcometoacrossroad.MakearightturnintoFirstAvenue.Soyouwalkalongthisstreet,abouttwoblocksfurther.There’sanothercrossroad,andthistimeyouturnleftintoHillRoad.M:OK,then?W:AsyouwalkupHillRoad,you’llseethepostofficeonyourleft,andnexttoitisalargesupermarket.Thelibrary’sjustacrosstheroadfromit,onyourright.M:OK.W:It’sadistinctivebuilding,easytospot,nexttoabighotel.M:Great.Actually,Iameagertofindagoodbookshop.Arethereanynearby?W:Yes,IthinktheoneonFirstAvenueisprobablythebest.M:HowdoIgetthere?W:Well,insteadofturningleftupHillRoadatthesecondcrossroad,justcarryonstraight.You’llseeapubonthecorner.Thenit’sthenextbuilding.M:Wonderful.Oh,hangon.BeforeIgotothebookshop,Ishouldgetsomemoneyfirst.Isthereabanknearby?W:Yes.Ifyougostraightacrossthefirstcrossroadwhencomingoutofthebusstation,you’llseethebankatthecornerofSecondAvenue.Oppositeasmallhairdresser’s.M:IthinkIcanrememberallthosedirections.Thankyou.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18．WhatwillJaneHowardtalkaboutatthemeeting?A．Marketing. B．Goods. C．Advertising.19．WhywillSarabeabsentfromthemeeting?A．Becauseofaworkmate. B．Becauseofanillness. C．Becauseofaflightdelay.20．Wherewillthevideoaboutdeliverybeshownonthe27th?A．IntheGreenRoom. B．IntheRedRoom. C．IntheOrangeRoom.【答案】18．A

19．B

20．C【原文】MynameisNormanFlagstaff,presidentofAustraliaBusinessAssociation.I’dliketowelcomeyouall,someofwhomcomeasfarasBrisbaneandMelbournetothiswonderfulmeetinginourcapital—Canberra.AndIhopeyoumakemostofyourstayhere.Now,Iamafraidwehavetomakeafewchangestotheprogram.It’simportanttonotethattheafternoonsessionwillbeginat2:30pmonMonday.ThefirsttalkonMarketingbyJaneHowardwillbeheldintheGreenRoomonthesecondfloor.OnTuesday,thetalkon“Goods”willnotbegivenbySaraMooreduetoanunforeseenillness,butbyherworkmateBarbara,intheRedRoomonthesecondfloor.WesendourbestwishandhopeSaraMooreisbackonherfeetinnotime.Thetalkon“Advertising”byPeterSmithhasbeencancelledduetoaflightdelay.OnWednesdaywe’llbestartingoffthedaywithavideoaboutdeliverypresentedbytheKeysCompany.That’sthe27th,intheOrangeRoom.OnethingbeforeIfinish.Ifthereareanyproblemswithtimesandlocationsofthedays’activities,pleaserememberthatthereisanoticeboardonthefirstfloor.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFamousforitssunnybeachesandnaturalwonders,MiyakoIslandwelcomesmanyvisitorsduringholidays.UniquebeachesYonahaMaehamaBeachisthemostfamousbeachinMiyakojima,wherewhitesandstretchesforsevenkilometers.SunayamaBeach,knownforitsarch-shapedrock,istuckedawayinasmallcove,andisaccessedbywalkingthroughanarrowtunneloftrees.DiverseandcolorfulfishSnorkelingisamust-tryinMiyakojima.Densecoralreefs,schoolsoftropicalfish,seaturtlesandplentyofspacetofreedivetodepthsof8to15metersclosetotheshorearestandoutfeatures.Forbeginners,AragusukuandShigiraareagoodchoicebutadvancedsnorkelersmayseeWaiwalBeachandShimojishimaastheirultimatespots.ScubadivingMiyakoIslandisadivingmecca,withawealthofdivesitestoexplore,includingmanyunderwatercavesandcaverns.Eventhosewithoutadivinglicenseneednotbeheldhack.DiveshopsandtouroperatorsalsooffertoursforbeginnerstoexploreMiyakoIsland’sabundantunderwaterenvironment.FreshislandfoodDelightyoursenseswithjuicy,melt-in-your-mouthMiyakobeef,deliciousMiyakosoba(noodlesservedinbroth),orfreshfruit.OkinawaprefectureboaststhehighestmangoyieldinJapan,andMiyakoIsland’swarmsubtropicalclimateisoptimalforgrowingfresh,juicymangoes.21．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atravelreport. B．Atravelguide.C．Adiary. D．Atextbook.22．Whatisasuitablespottosnorkelforbeginners?A．MiyakoIsland. B．WaiwaiBeach.C．Shigira. D．SunayamaBeach.23．WhatcontributestothedelicioustasteofmangoesgrowninMiyakoIsland?A．Whitesand. B．Blueocean.C．Enoughrainwater. D．Warmclimate.【答案】21．B

22．C

23．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍的是MiyakoIsland值得游玩的项目。21．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Famousforitssunnybeachesandnaturalwonders,MiyakoIslandwelcomesmanyvisitorsduringholidays.(MiyakoIsland以其阳光明媚的海滩和自然奇观而闻名，在假日期间欢迎许多游客)”可知，本文介绍的是MiyakoIsland适合游客游玩的项目。由此推知，这段文字可能取自一本《旅行指南》。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据Diverseandcolorfulfish部分中“Forbeginners,AragusukuandShigiraareagoodchoicebutadvancedsnorkelersmayseeWaiwalBeachandShimojishimaastheirultimatespots.(对于初学者来说，Aragusuku和Shigira是一个不错的选择，但高级潜水者可能会把Waiwal海滩和下岛作为他们的终极目的地)”可知，Shigira适合初学者浮潜。故选C。23．细节理解题。根据Freshislandfood部分中“OkinawaprefectureboaststhehighestmangoyieldinJapan,andMiyakoIsland’swarmsubtropicalclimateisoptimalforgrowingfresh,juicymangoes.(冲绳县拥有日本最高的芒果产量，而Miyako岛温暖的亚热带气候最适合种植新鲜多汁的芒果)”可知，Miyako岛暖的亚热带气候使得该地的芒果新鲜多汁。故选D。BItwasthefinaldayofourholiday:I’dgonesnowboardingwithmylittlebrotherandwhatwelackedinskillwemadeupforinenthusiasm,catchingthefirstskiliftinthemorningandthelastliftintheafternoon.Thatday,wewereinhighspirits.Westoppednearthetopofanoff-pistesection(非滑雪场区域)thatwentthroughforests.I’ddonethisrouteafewtimesbeforeand,asIwasfasterandmoreexperienced,Iletmybrotherdisappearintothetreesahead,figuringIwouldsooncatchup.IbegantopickupspeedwhenIwassuddenlythrownoffbalance.Ididn’tfallbutIlostcontroloftheboard.Iwasunabletoturn,insteadgoinginastraightline,gatheringspeed.JustasIwasregainingcontrol,Icrashedintothetrunkofalargetree.Itwaslikehittingaconcretepillar(柱子).Ididn’tloseconsciousnessbutthepainwasfeltinstantlyandoverwhelming.Iknewprettymuchimmediatelythatmybackwasbrokenandquicklyrealisedthesituationcouldgetveryserious.ItriedtostandbutcollapsedandalmostblackedoutwithpainbeforeIgothalfwayup.Walkingwasnotanoption.Crawlingwastooslowandpainful.Ihadanotheridea:ImanagedtogettheboardunattachedtomyfeetandmoveditundermystomachsoIwaslyingonit.Ifaceddownthemountainand,usingtheboardasaluge(小雪橇),Istartedtodragandslidemybodydownthesteep,tree-linedslope.Iusedmyarmstostopmyselfslidingoutofcontrol.Idescendedataslowjoggingpace,tryingtoslowmyselfasmuchaspossible.Eventually,Imanagedtoslidemyselfontoacross-countryskipathandwasgivenfirstaidbeforeahelicoptertookmetohospital.Therecoveryroadwastough,butmonthslater,IwasbackdoingwhatIlovemost.24．Whydidtheauthor’sbrothergointotheforestaheadofhim?A．Becausetheauthorlackedenthusiasm.B．Becausehisbrothercaughtthefirstskiliftinthemorning.C．Becausetheauthor’scompetenceallowedhimtogivehisbrotheranadvantage.D．Becausetheauthorknewashortrouteandhaddonetherouteafewtimesbefore.25．Whatcausedtheauthor’sbackinjury?A．Theoverwhelmingpain. B．Thecrashintoathicktrunk.C．Hittingaconcretepillar. D．Fallingofftheuncontrollableboard.26．Howdidtheauthorsavehimself?A．Byslidinghisbodyontheboard.B．Byrollingdownthesteep,tree-linedslope.C．Bydraggingtheboarddownthehillwithhishands.D．Byusinghisarmstostophimselfslidingoutofcontrol.27．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A．Hisrecoverylastedtoolongtowait.B．Hewillfindithardertorecovermentally.C．Hesavedhimselfandrecoveredonhisown.D．Heisunwillingtogiveuphispassioneasily.【答案】24．C

25．B

26．A

27．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和弟弟在假期的最后一天去滑雪，作者滑得很快，和弟弟分开了，结果撞到了大树上，造成了背部骨折，最后自己设法自救的故事。24．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I’ddonethisrouteafewtimesbeforeand,asIwasfasterandmoreexperienced,Iletmybrotherdisappearintothetreesahead,figuringIwouldsooncatchup.(我以前走过几次这条路，由于我的速度更快，经验更丰富，我让弟弟消失在前面的树林里，以为我很快就会赶上来)”可知，作者的弟弟在他前面进入森林，因为作者认为自己的能力允许他给他的弟弟一个优势。故选C。25．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“JustasIwasregainingcontrol,Icrashedintothetrunkofalargetree.(正当我恢复控制时，我撞到了一棵大树的树干上)”和第三段中的“Itwaslikehittingaconcretepillar(柱子).Ididn’tloseconsciousnessbutthepainwasfeltinstantlyandoverwhelming.Iknewprettymuchimmediatelythatmybackwasbrokenandquicklyrealisedthesituationcouldgetveryserious.(就像撞到了一根混凝土柱子。我没有失去意识，但我立刻感到了巨大的疼痛。我马上意识到我的背部骨折了，很快意识到情况可能会非常严重)”可知，撞在一个粗壮的树干上导致作者背部受伤。故选B。26．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Ihadanotheridea:ImanagedtogettheboardunattachedtomyfeetandmoveditundermystomachsoIwaslyingonit.Ifaceddownthemountainand,usingtheboardasaluge(小雪橇),Istartedtodragandslidemybodydownthesteep,tree-linedslope.Iusedmyarmstostopmyselfslidingoutofcontrol.Idescendedataslowjoggingpace,tryingtoslowmyselfasmuchaspossible.(我有了另一个主意：我设法把滑板从我的脚上拆下来，把它移到我的肚子下面，这样我就可以平卧在上面了。我面朝山下，用木板当雪橇，开始拖着身体滑下陡峭的、绿树成荫的斜坡。我用手臂阻止自己失去控制。我以慢跑的缓慢速度下降，试图尽可能地放慢自己的速度)”可知，作者通过在滑板上滑动身体来拯救自己。故选A。27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Therecoveryroadwastough,butmonthslater,IwasbackdoingwhatIlovemost.(康复之路很艰难，但几个月后，我又开始做我最爱的事了)”可推知，作者不愿意轻易放弃他热衷的活动。故选D。CSciencereportingonclimatechangedoesleadAmericanstoadoptmoreaccuratebeliefsandsupportgovernmentactionontheissue,butthesegainsarefragile,anewstudysuggests.Researchersfoundthattheseaccuratebeliefsfadequicklywhenpeopleareexposedtocoverageskepticalofclimatechange.“ItisnotthecasethattheAmericanpublicdoesnotrespondtoscientificallyinformedreportingwhentheyareexposedtoit,”saidThomasWood,associateprofessorofpoliticalscienceattheOhioStateUniversity.“Buteventrulyaccuratesciencereportingrecedesfrompeople’sframeofreferenceveryquickly.”Resultsshowedthataccuratesciencereportingdidn’tpersuadeonlypoliticiansandpeoplewhoinitiallyrejectedhuman-causedclimatechangealsohadtheiropinionsshiftedbyreadingaccuratearticles.Thestudyinvolved2,898onlineparticipantswhoparticipatedinfourwavesoftheexperimentduringthefallof2020.Inthefirstwave,theyallreadauthenticarticlesinthepopularmediathatprovidedinformationreflectingtheseientifieviewsonclimatechange.Inthesecondandthirdwaves,theyreadeitheranotherscientificarticle,anopinionarticlethatwasskepticalofclimatescience,oranarticleonanunrelatedsubjeet.Inthefourthwave,theparticipantssimplywereaskedtheirbeliefsaboutthescienceofclimatechangeandtheirpolicyattitudes.Torateparticipants’scientificunderstanding.theresearchersaskedaftereachwaveiftheybelievedthatclimatechangeishappeningandhasahumancause.Tomeasuretheirattitudes,researchersaskedparticipantsiftheyfavoredgovernmentactiononclimatechangeandiftheyfavoredrenewableenergy.“Whatwefoundsuggeststhatpeopleneedtohearthesameaccuratemessagesaboutclimatechangeagainandagain.Iftheyonlyhearitonce,itrecedesveryquickly,”Woodsaid.Itwassignificantthataccuratereportinghadpositiveeffectsonallgroups,includingthosewhooriginallyrejectedclimatechange.Butitwasevenmoreencouragingthatitaffectedattitudes.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recedes”inparagraph2mean?A．Increases. B．Graduates. C．Disappears. D．Strikes.29．Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellus?A．Theresearchobject. B．Theresearchresult.C．Theresearchpurpose. D．Theresearchprocedure.30．Whydidresearchersaskparticipantsthesecondquestion?A．Tosurveythegovernment’ssatisfactionrate.B．Tomakeanassessmentontheirattitudes.C．Toteachthemscientificunderstanding.D．Tomeasureactiononclimatechange.31．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ScienceReportOfClimateChangeCanAffectMindsB．OnlineParticipantsJoinedInAFour-WaveExperimentC．AccurateScienceReportingDon’tPersuadeOnlyPoliticiansD．PeopleShouldHearAccurateMessagesAboutClimateChange【答案】28．C

29．D

30．B

31．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述一项研究表明，气候变化的科学报道可以影响人们的思维。28．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Researchersfoundthattheseaccuratebeliefsfadequicklywhenpeopleareexposedtocoverageskepticalofclimatechange.(研究人员发现，当人们接触到对气候变化持怀疑态度的报道时，这些准确的信念很快就会消失)”以及划线词前一句“ItisnotthecasethattheAmericanpublicdoesnotrespondtoscientificallyinformedreportingwhentheyareexposedtoit(美国公众在接触到科学报道时，并不是没有反应)”可知，划线词所在句与上文是转折关系，表示美国公众在接触到科学报道时虽然会产生反应，但是报道的内容很快就会从人们的参照系中消失，recedes意为“消失”。故选C。29．主旨大意题。根据第四段内容，结合“Inthefirstwave(在第一波中)”、“Inthesecondandthirdwaves(在第二、三波中)”以及“Inthefourthwave(在第四波中)”可知，本段主要讲述了研究的过程。故选D。30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Tomeasuretheirattitudes,researchersaskedparticipantsiftheyfavoredgovernmentactiononclimatechangeandiftheyfavoredrenewableenergy.(为了衡量他们的态度，研究人员询问参与者是否赞成政府对气候变化采取行动，以及是否赞成可再生能源)”可知，研究人员询问参与者第二个问题是为了评估他们的态度。故选B。31．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“SciencereportingonclimatechangedoesleadAmericanstoadoptmoreaccuratebeliefsandsupportgovernmentactionontheissue(一项新的研究表明，关于气候变化的科学报道确实会让美国人采取更准确的信念)”和最后一段中“Itwassignificantthataccuratereportinghadpositiveeffectsonallgroups,includingthosewhooriginallyrejectedclimatechange.Butitwasevenmoreencouragingthatitaffectedattitudes.(重要的是，准确的报道对所有群体都有积极影响，包括那些最初反对气候变化的群体。但更令人鼓舞的是，它影响了人们的态度)”可知，本文主要讲述气候变化的科学报道可以影响人们的思维。故选A。DCourageisahighlyadmiredvirtue.Whenaskedtodescribecourage,mostpeopleconjureup（脑中浮现）theimageofanindividualrunningintoaburningbuilding,ormaybeaherosavingtheworld.Butthere'sanotherformofbraverythat'smuchmoreimportantbecauseitcomesupmoreoften.It'scalledmoralcourage.Moralcourageistheabilitythatallowsustofaceourfearsandtoconquerourdarkestfears.It'stheabilitytofacethefuturewithoutknowingwhatiscertain.It'stheabilitytostandtallandconfrontthosewhoopposeus,thosewhopreventusfromrealizingwhoweareandwhatweare.Butmostimportantly,it'stheabilitytostandupforwhat'sright,eventhoughtherearerisksthatstandinyourway.SaraAndersononcesaidthat“Ittakesgreatcouragetofaithfullyfollowwhatweknowtobetrue.”Thepotentialofshowingmoralcouragehasthepowerofchangingtheworld.ItwasbecauseofthemoralcouragethatMahatmaGandhiwasabletomakeIndiafreefromBritishrule.Hefoughtbravelyagainstthemwithouttheuseofanyweaponbypresentinggreatmoralcourage.Inthisway,healsobecameagreatexampleforthepeopleofthewholeworld.ItisnotthatwerememberGandhibecauseofhisbodyorbeauty.Werememberhimbecauseofthegreatideasandprinciplesofhislife.Moralcourageisessentialnotonlyforanoblelife,butahappyone.Withoutmoralcourage,wehavenocontroloverourlives.Ourfearsdestroyourspiritandmakeustrappedindepression.MarkTwainsaid,“Courageisnottheabsenceoffearbuttheresistanceoffear,themasteryoffear.”Ifourfearscauseustoloseconfidenceinthepowerofvirtue,wewilllosesomethingveryprecious.Peoplewithmoralcouragerarelygetmedals,butitisthebestmarkeroftruecharacterandavirtueotherscanbeproudof.Wemusttrytodevelopthepowerofmoralcouragethatwillsurelyhelpinendinginjusticeandwrongandgrantusabetterworld.32．Whatisthemainfunctionofparagraph1?A．Tomakeacomparison. B．Toproposeadefinition.C．Toprovidethebackground. D．Tointroducethesubject.33．WhatdoestheexampleofMahatmaGandhitellus?A．Moralcouragerestrictsgreatideasandprinciples.B．Moralcouragemakespeoplefaithfullyfollowthetruth.C．Moralcourageisessentialforleadingahappylife.D．Moralcouragecanmakeadifferencetotheworld.34．WhatcanbeinferredfromMarkTwain'swords?A．Courageisaspirittoovercomethefear. B．Courageisbeingbravewithoutanyfear.C．Havingafearcanlimitourfuturelives. D．Fearcanstopusfromachievingourgoals.35．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodointhelastparagraph?A．Toendinjusticeandwrong. B．Tostrengthenmoralcourage.C．Topursueexcellentvirtues. D．Tocreateabetterworld.【答案】32．D

33．D

34．A

35．B【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要阐述了什么是道德勇气，以及道德勇气的重要性。【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第一段“Courageisahighlyadmiredvirtue.（勇气是一种备受推崇的美德。）”和“Butthere'sanotherformofbraverythat'smuchmoreimportantbecauseitcomesupmoreoften.It'scalledmoralcourage.（但是还有另一种形式的勇敢更重要，因为它出现的频率更高。它叫道德勇气。）”可知，本文重点介绍道德勇气。且下文主要讲述了什么是道德勇气，以及道德勇气的重要性。所以，第一段的主要目的是引出话题。故选D项。2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Thepotentialofshowingmoralcouragehasthepowerofchangingtheworld.ItwasbecauseofthemoralcouragethatMahatmaGandhiwasabletomakeIndiafreefromBritishrule.（道德勇气的潜力具有改变世界的力量。正是由于这种道德勇气，圣雄甘地才能够使印度摆脱英国的统治。）”可知，是由于甘地有道德勇气，才使得印度独立。因此推断甘地的例子告诉我们道德勇气在改变世界中起着重要作用。故选D项。3.细节理解题。根据第四段“Courageisnottheabsenceoffearbuttheresistanceoffear,themasteryoffear.（勇气不是没有恐惧，而是对恐惧的抵抗，对恐惧的掌握。）”可推断，勇气是一种克服恐惧的精神。故选A项。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wemusttrytodevelopthepowerofmoralcouragethatwillsurelyhelpinendinginjusticeandwrongandgrantusabetterworld.（我们必须努力发展道德勇气的力量，这必将有助于结束不公正和错误，给我们一个更美好的世界。）”可知，作者建议我们要增强道德勇气。故选B项。第二节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ourlivesarefullofhabits.Unfortunatelyagreatmanyofthemarebadhabits.Onewaytobreakthesebadhabitsistofillourliveswithgoodhabits.Mostpeopledecideonedaythattheyneedtomakechangestotheirlivesandthentheygoallouttomakebigsweepingchanges.Thismayworkforthemforthefirstfewdays,butthentheygetburnedout.____36____Thisisaveryunproductivewaytospendyourtimeandenergy.____37____Sayyourgoalistogetupanhourearliereveryday.Onedayyoustartsettingyouralarmforanhourearlierandyoukeepthisupforoneweek.Thenbecauseyouarenaturallyresistanttochange,yougobacktoyouroldhabit.Abetterwayistosetyouralarmoneminuteearliereveryday.Aftertwomonthsyouaregettingupanhourearlierandyouwillnotevennoticethechange.____38____Thisapproachcanworkforjustaboutanything.Ifyouareexercisingforhalfanhoureverydayandyouwanttoincreasethattimetoonehourthenaddaminuteeveryday.Afteronemonthyouwillhavereachedyourgoalwithverylittleresistancefromyourbodyandmind.____39____Thismethodofchangeisgentle,butverypowerful.Thinkofeverythingyoucanaccomplishifyoujustcontinuouslyimprovealittleatatime.Thechangeitselfcreatesthemomentum(动力)youneedtokeepgoing.____40____Whatoneminutechangecanyoumaketoyourlifetoday?A．Thekeyistochangealittlebitatatime.B．Keepingonexercisingcanbuildupstrength.C．Itmaytakelonger,butwiththisapproachyouarelikelytosucceed.D．Nothingwillhappenifyouarenotdeterminedtoachieveyourgoal.E．Prettysoontheyarebacktotheiroldhabitsandnothinghaschanged.F．Changingslowlyremovesthegreatestbarrierwehavetochange:fear.G．Soonyouwillfindyourselfreachingyourgoalswithalmostnopaininvolved.【答案】36．E

37．A

38．C

39．F

40．G【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍如何养成好习惯的方法。36．根据上文“Ourlivesarefullofhabits.Unfortunatelyagreatmanyofthemarebadhabits.Onewaytobreakthesebadhabitsistofillourliveswithgoodhabits.Mostpeopledecideonedaythattheyneedtomakechangestotheirlivesandthentheygoallouttomakebigsweepingchanges.Thismayworkforthemforthefirstfewdays,butthentheygetburnedout.(我们的生活充满了习惯。不幸的是，其中很多都是坏习惯。打破这些坏习惯的一个方法是让我们的生活充满好习惯。大多数人有一天决定，他们需要改变自己的生活，然后他们全力以赴，做出彻底的改变。这可能在最初几天对他们有用，但之后他们就会筋疲力尽。)”可知，做出巨大改变可能在最初几天对他们有用，但随后他们就会筋疲力尽。接下来应该进一步解释，很快他们又恢复了原来的习惯，一切都没有改变。选项E“很快，他们又回到了原来的习惯，什么都没有改变。”和上文意思一致。故选E。37．根据下文“Sayyourgoalistogetupanhourearliereveryday.Onedayyoustartsettingyouralarmforanhourearlierandyoukeepthisupforoneweek.Thenbecauseyouarenaturallyresistanttochange,yougobacktoyouroldhabit.Abetterwayistosetyouralarmoneminuteearliereveryday.Aftertwomonthsyouaregettingupanhourearlierandyouwillnotevennoticethechange.(说你的目标是每天早起一小时。有一天，你开始提前一个小时设置闹钟，并保持一周。然后，因为你天生抗拒改变，你又回到了旧习惯。更好的方法是每天提前一分钟设置闹钟。两个月后，你会早起一小时，你甚至不会注意到变化。)”可知，这一段介绍改变坏习惯需要一点点做。选项A“关键是一次改变一点点。”和下文意思一致。故选A。38．根据上文“Abetterwayistosetyouralarmoneminuteearliereveryday.Aftertwomonthsyouaregettingupanhourearlierandyouwillnotevennoticethechange.(更好的方法是每天提前一分钟设置闹钟。两个月后，你会早起一小时，你甚至不会注意到变化。)”可知，坏习惯要一点点改变，所以需要的时间应该会很长。选项C“这可能需要更长的时间，但通过这种方法，你很可能会成功。”和上文意思一致。故选C。39．根据上文“Thisapproachcanworkforjustaboutanything.Ifyouareexercisingforhalfanhoureverydayandyouwanttoincreasethattimetoonehourthenaddaminuteeveryday.Afteronemonthyouwillhavereachedyourgoalwithverylittleresistancefromyourbodyandmind.(这种方法几乎适用于任何事情。如果你每天锻炼半小时，你想把时间增加到一小时，那么每天增加一