2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习-八主旨要义

2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习

专题八主旨要义

五年高考

A组新高考卷题组

Passage1（2022新高考I,D）

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherare

clicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?A

ground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthat

arenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas

"f'and"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchers

ledbyDamiOnBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（又寸齐）,makingit

hardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerlip（嘴唇）totheupperteeth.Later,our

jawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithic

period.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn't

growtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworld

languagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof'f'and'""increasingremarkablyduringthelastfew

thousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeings

evolved（进化）around300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremained

stablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtoday

istheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,saidSteven

Moran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

第1页共48页

1.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiDnBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.

C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

2.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

3.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

4.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

答案

l.D2.C3.A4.C

Passage2（2022新高考11,c）

Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshave

triedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,are

nowrisingsharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTraffic

SafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.”

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“Bigchangerequiresbigideas,“hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroad

safety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereaching

backtoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwould

worklikethis:Anofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusethe

Textalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhethera

driverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedriving

laws.

“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,saidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedfbrthe

state's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peopleare

goingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.

C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

2.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?

A.Whereadrivercamefrom.

B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.

C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.

D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.

C.Tests.D.Laws.

4.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStart

B.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers

D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer

冬口空木

第3页共，48页

l.A2.B3.D4.B

Passage3（2021新高考I,D）

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional。情感的）intelligence.Many

peoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthat

cannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand

“peopleskills."Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmost

ofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.

Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbad

purposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhow

besttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligent

doesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonably

support,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspect

ofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis（重视）onemotionbyemployers,educatorsand

othersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboth

thepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyin

everydaylife.

Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwill

exciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,

advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（视角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.

Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.

1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?

A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.

B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.

C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.

D.Itreferstoaperson'spositivequalities.

2.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor"and"cheater“inparagraph2?

A.Toexplainarule.

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B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Topresentafact.

D.Tomakeaprediction.

3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.

C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?

A.ltsappealtothepublic.

B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.

C.Itspracticalapplication.

D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.

冬u至宋

l.D2.B3.A4.B

Passage4（2021新高考II,c）

ABritishwomanwhowona$1millionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld'sBestTeacherwillusethe

cashtobringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.

AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroom

revolution（变革）.“Wearegoingtomakeachange,“shesaid.64I'vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteaching

oftheartsinourschools.M

Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort—whetheran

up-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar—intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.

ZafirakoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchool,herplaceofworkforthepasttwelveyears.t€Fve

seenthosemagicmomentswhenchildrenaretalkingtosomeonetheyareinspiredby—theireyesareshining

andtheirfaceslightup,“shesaid."Weneedartists,morethaneverinourschools.^^

ArtistMichaelCraig-Martinsaid,"Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontact

withchildrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingdowngradedinschools.^^Itwasa

mistaketoseetheartsasunnecessary,headded.

HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.Hesaidthatartseducationinschoolswasnot

justanadd-on.44Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsonthe

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young.Whatwillremainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesoverwillbeourcreativity,anditisour

creativespirit,ourvisionarysenseoffreshness,thathasbeenourstrengthfbrcenturies.^^

1.WhatwillZafirakoudowithherprizemoney?

A.Makeamovie.B.Buildnewschools.

C.Runaproject.D.Helplocalmusicians.

2.WhatdoesCraig-MartinthinkoftheteachingoftheartsinUKschools?

A.ltisparticularlydifficult.

B.Itincreasesartists*income.

C.Itopenschildren'smind.

D.Itdeservesgreaterattention.

3.WhatshouldbestressedinschooleducationaccordingtoSchama?

A.Moralprinciples.

B.Interpersonalskills.

C.Creativeabilities.

0.Positiveworldviews.

4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BringArtiststoSchools

B.WhenHistoriansMeetArtists

C.ArtsEducationinBritain

D.TheWorld'sBestArtsTeacher

分口窣

l.C2,D3.C4,A

B组课标全国卷、省（区、市）卷题组

Passage1（2022全国甲,B）

Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilar

shape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshave

provedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithabox

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withanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole“inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregiven

fivedifferentlyshaped"keys"tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect"key"wouldletoutthenut.

Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanother

yearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical（对称的）shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethata

shapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan"allocentricframeof

reference^^.Intheexperiment,Goffin'scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,

byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilar

tests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin'scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmoving

objectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.

Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyon

visualclues（线索）,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.

l.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?

A.Byfollowinginstructions.

B.Byusingatool.

C.Byturningtheboxaround.

D.Byremovingthelid.

2.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?

A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.

B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.

C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.

□.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.

3.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?

A.Howfartheyareabletosee.

B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.

C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.

D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.

4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckers

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B.Cockatoos:IndependentLearners

C.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-Readers

D.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters

较口全木

l.B2.C3.D4.D

Passage2（2022全国甲,D）

Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscoveredits

harbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,

superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewhole

morningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwe

wentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.

'THmisstheseoldboats,“hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?^^Iasked.

“Oh,theyYereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,buttheyYenotsoelegant,andthey'renot

funtopilot.Butthafsprogress,Iguess.^^

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（口号），andtraditionsare

increasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity'sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe

1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings."Sydneyisconfusedabout

itself“shesaid.uWecan'tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamodemcityoratraditionalone.It's

aconflictthatwearen'tgettinganybetteratresolving（解决）

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImeta

thoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony."Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,he

toldme."WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheir

culture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We'vegotafoundationbuiltonancient

culturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It*saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”

Heisright,but1can'thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

第8页共48页

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney'sstrikingarchitecture.

B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney'sdevelopment.

D.Sydney'stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?

A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.

B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.

C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.

D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.

3.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.Itislosingitstraditions.

B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.

D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.

4.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

0.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

分口窣

l.C2,D3.A4.A

Passage3（2021全国乙,C）

You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans-between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenterocean

ecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVon

Wongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewersto

re-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

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Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypsejapairof10-fdot-tallplastic

waves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,the

sculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（来源）ofplastic

pollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,

becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartwork

likelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltake

centuriestodisappear.

Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（说明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload's

worthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled"TruckloadofPlastic,VonWongandagroupof

volunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeen

dumped4顷侄（］）fromatruckallatonce.

VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.

l.WhatareVonWong'sartworksintendedfor?

A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.

B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.

C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.

□.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.

2.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodemart.

D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

3.Whateffectwould"TruckloadofPlastic"haveonviewers?

A.Calming.B.Disturbing.

C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Artists*OpinionsonPlasticSafety

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B.MediaInterestinContemporaryArt

C.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompanies

D.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures

较口全木

l.C2.A3.B4.D

Passage4（2021浙江,C）

Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybe

ontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingto

anewstudy.

Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages（图像）ofthesamepersonmakingeither

ahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalf

oftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacial

expressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceorimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesused

intraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchinga

pictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.

Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduring

trainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthe

picturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,“saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller.4€Instead,our

resultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,

andthesamenileappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.^^

“Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhuman

facialexpressions,^MiillertoldLiveScience.

Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacial

expressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwith

humans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,andthisexposurehasprovided

themwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.

l.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan.

A.distinguishshapes

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B.makesenseofhumanfaces

C.feelhappyorangry

D.communicatewitheachother

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?

A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.

B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.

C.Picturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferent.

D.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethetest.

3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.

B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.

C.Amajorlimitationofthestudy.

D.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.

林宏木

l.B2.C3.B

Passage5（2020课标全国I,D）

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudies

havefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreener

areasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhen

theirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther-changingthe

actualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseinclude

plantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcan

detectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."WeYethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplace

functionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,“explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineering

atMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（发光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.

Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,about

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one-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybe

usedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina

one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff

“switch“wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremoved

fromthepowersource（电源）一suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremote

highway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission（传输）.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceand

thereforehelpsaveenergy.

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

2.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?

A.Todetectplants'lackofwater.

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

3.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

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D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

答案

l.D2.A3.C4.C

Passage6（2020课标全国II,B）

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzles

helpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityof

Chicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzle

playwasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition（认知）aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents1

income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeand

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhen

assessedat54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheir

abilitytorotate（旋转）andtranslateshapes,5,Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthechildren

inthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzles

morefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boys

tendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguage

andweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

l.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.

B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.

D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

2.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?

第14页共48页

A.Parents*age.

B.Children'simagination.

C.Parents'education.

D.Child-parentrelationship.

3.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.

B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.

C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.

D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.

B.Ascientificstudy.

C.Awomanpsychologist.

D.Ateachingprogram.

答案

l.B2.C3.D4.B

Passage7（2020浙江,C）

Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmight

helpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.

ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowere

overage75andassessedthevolunteers*memoryandthinkingskillsthro