2022年职称英语考试理工类B真题及答案代码21

2022年职称英语考试理工类B真题及答案(代码21）1.Theorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.

A.pleased

B.powerful

C.brave

D.sensible

2.Iwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.

A.accept

B.control

C.observe

D.regulate

3.IrealizedtomyhorrorthatIhadforgottenthepresent.

A.limit

B.fear

C.power

D.fool

4.Mostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.

A.excuse

B.client

C.destiny

D.refusal

5.She”sextremelycompetentandindustrious.

A.hardworking

B.honest

C.objective

D.independent

6.Thedoctorsdidnotrevealthetruthtohim.

A.hide

B.handle

C.disclose

D.establish

7.Hetriedtoassemblehisthoughts.

A.clear

B.share

C.gather

D.spare

8.Thelawcarriesapenaltyofuptothreeyearsinprison.

A.message

B.punishment

C.guilt

D.obligation

9.Prisonerswerekeptinthemostappallingconditions.

A.flexible

B.terrible

C.reasonable

D.serious

10.Theseproductsareinferiortothosewebroughtlastyear.

A.poorerthan

B.narrowerthan

C.largerthan

D.richerthan

11.Thepoliticalsituationintheregionhasdeterioratedrapidly.

A.improved

B.changed

C.worsened

D.developed

12.Therewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuilding.

A.coexisting

B.fair

C.full

D.pubic

13.They”repetitioningforbetterfacilitiesforthedisabledonpublictransport.

A.requesting

B.planning

C.preparing

D.looking

14.Hesaidsomeharshwordsabouthisbrother.

A.unkind

B.proper

C.normal

D.unclear

15.Wewereattractedbythelureofquickmoney.

A.amount

B.supply

C.sum

D.temp

其次局部：阅读推断

ADHDLinkedtoAirPollutants

Childrenhaveanincreasedofattentionproblems,seenasearlyasgradeschool.Iftheirnosesinhaled(吸入)acertaintypeofairpollutionwhentheywerepregnant.That”sthefindingofanewstudy.Releasedwhenthingsaren”tburnedcompletely,thispollutionisknownaspolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons,orPAHs.ThebiggestsourcesofthesePAHs:theburningoffossilfuels,woodandtrash.

FredericaPereraworksatColumbiaUniversity”sMailmanSchoolofPublicHealthisNewYorkCity.Sheresearcheshowexposuretothingsintheenvironmentaffectschildren”shealthinanewstudy,sheandherteamstudiedtheexposuretoairpollutionof233nonsmokingpregnantwomeninNewYorkCity.Becauseburningtobaccocanspew(排放)PAHsintotheairandlungs,Perera”steamfocusedonnonsmokers.Theresearcherswantedtoprobe(探查)othersourcesofPAHs,onesthat”swouldhavebeenhardforanindividualtoavoid.

Theteamstartedbytestingthebloodofeachwomanduringpregnancy.ThereasonAnyPAHsinawoman”sbloodwouldalsobeavailabletothebabyinherwomb.Nineyearslater,theresearchersinvestigatedsignsofattentionproblemsinthosechildren,nowage9.Theyaskedeachchild”smotheraseriesofquestions.Theseincludedwhateverherchildhadproblemsdoingthingsthatneededsustained(长期的)mentaleffort,suchashomeworkorgameswithfriends.Thescientistsalsoaskedifthekidshadtroublefollowinginstructionsormadefrequent,carelessmistakes.AllofthesecanbesymptomsofadisordercalledAttentionDeficitHyperactivityDisorder,orADHD.AboutoneinU.S.childrenhasADHD.

Amongthewomenstudied,trafficandhomeheatingweretheprimarysourcesofairpollutionexposure,Pereraandherteamsuspect.SomeofthesewomenhadlowlevelsofPAHsintheirblood.Ohtershadhighlevels.Thosewithhighlevelswerefivetimesaslikelytohavechildrenwhoshowedattentionproblemsbyage9.ThenewfindingswerepublishedNovember5inthejournalPLOSONE.

16.PereraandherteamchosenonsmokingpregnantwomenalloverAmerica.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

17.ThemainpurposeoftheresearchwastofindouthowexposuretoPAHsplayedaroleinharmingthesubjects”physicalhealth.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

18.NonsmokingmotherswereselectedbecausetheeffectofsmokingonPAHswasunclear.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

19.Thebloodofeachwomanwastestedonceamonthduringpregnancy.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

20.KidswithADHDcommonlyfailinschool.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

21.ThewomenwithhighlevelsofPAHsintheirbloodweremorelikelytohavekidswithADHD.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

22.TrafficandhomeheatingwereconsideredtobethebiggestsourcesofPAHsforthesubjectsintheresearch.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

第3局部：概况大意与完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试熟悉：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段选择1个标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个选项。

FirstImage-recognitionssoftware

1)DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.

2)Thenewsystem,witchwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm(运算法则)forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientienoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel(像素)datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned(收集)fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions(图片说明),makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.

3)“Overthelast30years,”saysAssociateProfessorKorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,”thewebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadatastet,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesofvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetthegist(主旨)ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,sruprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengine,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWedpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch.”

4)Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic(语义的)informationfrompixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationgisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries(查询)onadatabaseof50millionWedpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthtthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.

23.Paragraph1_____

24.Paragraph2_____

25.Paragraph3_____

26.Paragraph4_____

A.Popularityofthenewsystem

B.Publicationofthenewdiscovery

C.Functionofthenewsystem

D.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated

E.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines

F.Improvementiindocumentretrieval

27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby_____.

28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin_____.

29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore_____.

30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe_____.

A.informationinimages

B.currentpopularsearchengines

C.usingphotos

D.machinevisionsystems

E.documentsearch

F.descriptionoftheHTMLpage

第四局部：阅读理解

第一篇WhyBuyShade-GrownCoffee?

Whenpeopleargueaboutwhethercoffeeisgoodforhealth,they”reusuallythinkingofthehealthofthecoffeedrinker.Isitfoodforyourheart?Doesitincreasebloodpressure?Doesithelpyouconcentrate?However,coffeeaffectsthehealthofthehumanpopulationinotherways,too.

Traditionally,coffeebusheswereplantedunderthecanopy(树冠)oftallerindigenous(土生土长的)trees.However,moreandmorefarmersinLatinAmericaaredeforestingthelandtogrowfull-suncoffees.Atfirst,thisincreasesproductionbecausemorecoffeebushescanbeplantediftherearen’tanytrees.Withincreasedproductioncomeincreasedprofits.

Unfortunately,deforestingforcoffeeproductionimmediatelydecreaseslocal-wildlifehabitat.Nativebirdsnestandhidefrompredators(捕食者)inthetalltreesandmigratingbirdsrestthere.

Furthermore,inthelongterm,thefull-sunmethodalsodamagestheecosystembecausemorechemicalfertilizersandpesticidesareneededtogrowthecoffee.Thefertilizersandpesticideskillinsectsthateatcoffeeplant,butthenthebirdseatthepoisonedinsectsandalsodie.Thechemicalskillorsickenotheranimalsaswell,andcanevenenterthewaterthatpeoplewilleventuallydrink.

Fortunately,farmersinCentralandSouthAmericaarebeginningtogrowmorecoffeebushesintheshade.Wecansupportthesefarmersbybuyingcoffeewithsuchlabelsas“shadegrown“and“birdfriendly.“Sure,thesevarietiesmightcostalittlemore.Butwe”repayingforthehealthofthebirds,theland,ourselves,andtheplanet.Ithinkit”sworthit.

31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?文章的主旨是

A.Farmersarechangingthewaytheygrowcoffee.农夫正转变他们种咖啡的方式

B.Coffeeisbecomingmoreexpensivetoproduce.种植咖啡越来越贵

C.Shade-growcoffeeismoreexpensivethansun-growcoffee.蔽光生长的咖啡比向光生长的咖啡贵

D.Peopleshouldbuyshade-growncoffee.人们应当买蔽光生长的咖啡

32.Thefunctionoftheword“Traditionally“inParagraph2istoshow_____.段落2中的traditionally作用是来显示

A.thepositiveeffectsofcoffee.咖啡的乐观作用

B.achangeofcoffeegrowth.咖啡成长的变化

C.somethingthatisthemostimportant.最重要的事情

D.howcoffeeproductionusedtobe.咖啡生产过去如何

33.Whatdoesincreasedproductionoffull-suncoffeebringabout?阳光充分的咖啡增加的产量带来什么?

A.Moreinsects.更多的昆虫

B.Betterqualitycoffee.质量更好的咖啡

C.Largerfarms.更大的农场

D.Higherprofits.更高利润

34.Howdofarmersfindmorelandforgrowingfull-suncoffee?农夫如何找更多的土地来种植阳光充分的咖啡

A.Theybuymorelandfromotherfarmers.

B.Theycutdowntrees.

C.Theymovetoanothercountry.

D.Theyturngrasslandintofarmland.

35.Thefull-sunmethodmayaffectthefollowingEXCEPT_____fullsun方式可能影响以下

A.insects.昆虫

B.air.空气

C.brids.鸟

D.humans人类

其次篇MoreRuralResearchisNeeded

Agriculturalresearchfundingisvitaliftheworldistofeeditselfbetterthanitdoesnow.Dr.TonyFischer,cropscientist,saiddemandwasgrowingat2.5%peryearbutwithmoderntechnologiesandthedevelopmentofnewones,theworldshouldbeabletostayahead.

“Theglobaldeclineininvestmentininternationalagriculturalresearchmustbereversedifsignificantprogressistobemadetowardsreducingmalnutrition(养分不良)andpoverty.”hesaid.

Researchisneededtosolvefoodproduction,landdegradation(贫瘠化)andenvironmentalproblems.Securelocalfoodsuppliesledtoeconomicgrowthwhichisturn,slowedpopulationgrowth.Dr.Fischerpaintedapictureoftheworld’sabilitytofeeditselfinthefirst25years,whentheworld’spopulationisexpectedtorisefrom5XtoXbillionpeople.Hesaidthatthingswillprobablyholdorimprovebutthere’llstillbealotofhungrypeople.Thebiggestconcentrationofpoorandhungrypeoplewouldbeinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthernAsiain2022,similartothecurrentipattern.Ifthereisanychange,asligheimprovementwillbeseeninsouthernAsia,butnotinsub-SaharanAfrica.ThemajorimprovementwillbeinEastAsia,SouthAmericaandSouth-EastAsia.

Thedebelopingworldwasinvestingabout0.5%,or$8billionayear,ofitsagriculturalgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)onresearchanddevelopedworldwasspending2.5%ofitsGDP.Dr.Fischersaidmorewasneededfromallcountries.

Hesaidcropresearchcouldproducetechnologiesthatspreadacrossmanycountries,suchaswheatproductionresearchhavingspin-offs(有用的副产品)forMexico,ChinaorIndia.

“Technologiesstillneedtoberefinedforthelocalconditionsbutalotofthestrategicresearchcanhaveglobalapplication,sothatmoneycanbeusedveryefficiently.”Dr.Fischersaid.

Yieldsofrice,wheatadmaize(玉米)havegrownimpressivelyinthepast30years,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Forexample,maizeproductionrosefrom2to8tonnesperhectarebetween1950and1995.Buttechnologiesdrivingthisgrowthsuchashigh-yieldvarieties,fertilizers,andirrigation,werebecomingexhausted.“Ifyouwanttosavethelandfornon-agriculturalactivities,forforestsandwildlife,you’regoingtohavetoincreaseyield.”Dr.Fischersaid.

36.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Shortageoffoodsupplies.食物供给短缺

B.Developmentofagriculturaltechnologies.农业技术的进展

C.Impactofagriculturalresearch.农业讨论的影响

D.Expectationofpopulationgrowth.人口增长的期望值

37.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheworld’sagriculturalresearchfunding?关于世界农业讨论资金一下正确的选项是

A.Itisincreasingamongdevelopedcountries.兴旺国家的正在增长

B.Itisdecreasingworldwide.全球都在下降

C.Lessisdemandedfromdevelopingcountries.进展中国际比拟不需要

D.Mostofitisspentveryefficiently.大局部都高效使用

38.WhatisthepictureofAsia’sfoodsuppliesinthefirst25years?在第一个25年中，亚洲食物供给的图景是什么

A.Foodshortagewillnotbeaproblem食物短缺不再是问题

B.TherewillbemorehungrypeopleinsouthernAsia.在南亚会有更多饥饿的人

C.Populationgrowthwillresultinmorehungrypeople.人口增长会导致更多饥饿的人

D.TherewillbefewerhungrypeopleinEastAsia.东亚饥饿的人会削减

39.WhatdoesDr.Fischersayabouttechnologies?DrFischer关于技术说了什么

A.Theyarecostly.他们贵

B.Theyhavetobeimprovedtomeetlocalneeds.必需提高来满意当地的需求

C.Theirapplicationislimited.应用很少

D.Theyhavetobeappliedlocally.必需应用在当地

40.Itcanbeinferedfromthelastparagraphthat_____.从最终一段可以推想出来

A.thereisademandforsavinglandfornon-agriculturalactivities.有需要为非农业活动节约土地

B.cropproductionisgrowingfasterindevelopingcountries.在进展中国家，种植业进展更快

C.maizeproductionreacheditspeakinthe1990s.玉米产量在1990年月到达

Forexample,maizeproductionrosefrom2to8tonnesperhectarebetween1950and1995只是说上升了并没有说到达错误

D.technologiesimprovingmaizeproductionhavebeenwelldeveloped.提高玉米产量的技术已经很好的进展

第三篇Dangersawaitbabieswithaltitude

Womenwholiveintheworld”shighestcommunitiestendtogivebirthtounder-weightbabies,anewstudysuggests.Thesebabiesmaygrowintoadultswithahighriskofheartdiseaseandstrokes.

Researchhashintedthatnewbornsinmountaincommunitiesarelighterthanaverage.Butitwasn”tclearwhetherthisisduetoreducedoxygenlevelsathighaltitudeorbecausetheirmothersareunder-nourished—manypeoplewholiveathighaltitudesarerelativelypoorcomparedwiththoselivinglowerdown.

Tofindoutmore,DinoGiussaniandhisteamatCambridgeUniversitystudiedtherecordsof400birthsinBoliviaduring1976and1998.Thebabieswereborninbothrichandpoorareasoftwocities:LaPazandSantaCruz.LPazisthehighestcityintheworld,at3.65kilometersabovesealevel,whileSantaCruzismuchlower,at0.44kilometers.

Sureenough,GiussanifoundthattheaveragebirthweightofbabiesinLaPazwassignificantlylowerthaninSantaCruz.Thiswastrueinbothhighandlow-incomefamilies.EvenbabiesborntopoorfamiliesinSantaCruzwereheavieronaveragethanbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesinloftyLaPaz.“Wewereverysurprisedbythisresult,“saysGiussani.

Theresultssuggestthatbabiesbornathighaltitudearedeprivedofoxygenbeforebirth.“Thismaytriggerthereleaseorsuppressionofhormonesthatregulategrowthoftheunbornchild,“saysGiussani.

Histeamalsofoundthathigh-altitudebabiestendedtohaverelativelylargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.Thisisprobablybecauseafetusstarvedofoxygenwillsendoxygenatedbloodtothebraininpreferencetorestofthebody.

Giussaniwantstofindoutifsuchbabieshaveahigherriskofdiseaseinlaterlife.PeopleborninLaPazmightbepronetohearttroubleinadulthood,forexample.Lowbirthweightisariskfactorforcoronary(冠状的)heartdisease.Andnewbornswithahighratioofheadsizetobodyweightareoftenpredisposedtohighbloodpressureandstrokesinlaterlife.

41.Whatdoesthenewstudydiscover?

A.Babiesborntowealthyfamiliesareheaver.

B.Womenlivingathighaltitudetendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies.

C.Newbornsincitiesarelighterthanaverage.

D.Low-altitudebabieshaveahighriskofheartdiseaseinlaterlife.

42.Giussaniandhisteamaresurethat_____.

A.babiesborninLancePazareonaveragelighterthaninSantaCruz.

B.peoplelivingathighaltitudestendtogivebirthtounderweightbabies.

C.thebirthweightofbabiesborntowealthyfamiliesisSantaCruz.

D.mothersinLaPazarecommonlyunder-nourished.

43.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatGiussanisaysinParagraph4that_____.

A.thefindingwasunexpected

B.hewasverytired.

C.thestudytooklongerthanexpected.

D.hewassurprisedtofindlow-incomefamiliesinLaPaz.

44.Theresultsofthestudyindicatethereasonfortheunderweightbabiesis_____.

A.lackofcertainnutrition.

B.powertyoftheirmother.

C.differentfamilybackgrounds.

D.reductionofoxygenlevels.

45.Itcanbelearnedaboutformtheparagraphthat_____.

A.high-altitudebabiestendtohavehighbloodpressureinlaterlife.

B.under-weightbabieshaveashorterlifespan.

C.babiesborntopoorfamilieslackhormonesbeforebirth.

D.newbornwealthyfamilieshavelargerheadscomparedwiththeirbodies.

第5局部：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后面有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请依据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

SavingaCity”sPublicArt

AvoidingtrafficjamsinLosAngelesmaybeimpossible,butthecity”scolorfulfreewaymurals(壁画)canbrighteneventheworstcommute.Paintingsthatdepict(描述)famouspeopleandhistoricalscenescoverofficebuildingsandfreewaywallsallaccessthecity.Withacollectionofmorethan2,000murals,LosAngelesistheunofficialmuralcapitaloftheworld.

Butthecombinationofgraffiti(涂鸦),pollution,andhotsunhasleftmanyL.A.muralsinterriblecondition._____(46)inthepast,expertssay,littleattentionwasgiventocaringforpublicart.Artistswereevenexpectedtomaintaintheirownworks,notaneasytaskwithcarsracingbyalongthefreeway.

_____(47)Theworkstartedin2022.Sofar,16wallshavebeenselectedandmoremaybeaddedlater.

Untilabout1960,publicmuralsinLosAngeleswererare.Butinthe1960sand1970s,youngL.A.artistsbegantostudyearly20th-centuryMexicanmuralpainting_____(48)

ThemostfamousmuralinthecityisJudithBaca”s“TheGreatWall,“a13-foot-high(4-meter-high)paintingthatrunsforhalfamile(0.8kilometer)inNorthHollywood,_____(49)ittookeightyearstocomplete—400underprivilegedteenagerspaintedthedesigns—andisprobablythelongestmuralintheworld.

OneofthemuralsthatwillberestorednowisKentTwitchell”s“SeventhStreetAltarpiece.“whichhepaintedfortheLosAngelesOlympicsin1984._____(50)Twitchellsaid,“itwasmeantasakindofgatewaythroughwhichthetravelertoL.A.mustdrive.Theopenhandsrepresentpeace.“

Artistsoftencallmuralsthepeople”sart.Alongabusyfreewayorhiddeninaquietneighborhood,muralscanteachpeoplewhowouldneverpaymoneytoseefineartinamuseum,“Muralsgiveavoicetothesilentmajority,“saidoneartist.

46._____

47._____

48._____

49._____

50._____

A.Thecitytryingtostopthespreadofgraffiti,haspaintedoversomeofthemuralscomplete.

B.ThisstrikingworkdepictstwopeoplefacingeachotheronoppositesidesofthefreewayneardowntownLosAngeles.

C.ArtistslikemuralsbecausetheyliketheworkofMexicanartists.

D.Nowthecityisbeginningahugeprojecttorestorethecity”smurals.

E.ThemuralrepresentsthehistoryofethnicgroupsinCalifornia.

F.Soon,theirmuralsbecameasymbolofthecity”sculturalexpressionsandashowcaseforL.A.”sculturaldiversity.

第六局部：完形填空

I”llBeBach

ComposerDavidCopeistheinventorofacomputerprogramthatwritesoriginalworksofclassicalmusic.IttookCope30yearstodevelopthesoftware.Nowmostpeoplecan”t_____(51)thedifferencebetweenmusicbythefamousGermancomposerJ.S.Bach(1685-1750)andtheBach-likecompositionsfromCope”scomputer.

Itallstartedin1980intheUnitedStates,whenCopewastryingtowriteanopera.Hewashaving_____(52)thinkingofnewmelodies,sohewroteacomputerprogramtocreatethemelodies.Atfirstthismusicwasnot_____(53)tolistento.WhatdidCopedo?Hebegantorethinkhowhumanbeingscomposemusic.Herealizedthatcomposers,brains_____(54)likebigdatabases.First,theytakeinallthemusicthattheyhaveeverheard.Thentheytake_____(55)themusicthattheydislike.F