爱默生-Ralph-Waldo-Emerson-教学讲解课件

Transcendentalism(1)InNewEngland,anintellectualmovementknownastranscendentalismdevelopedasanAmericanversionofRomanticism.ThemovementbeganamonganinfluentialsetofauthorsbasedinConcord,Massachusetts,andwasledbyRalphWaldoEmerson,likeromanticism,transcendentalismrejectedboth18th-centuryrationalismandestablishedreligion,1ppt课件

Transcendentalistscelebratedthepowerofhumanimaginationtocommunewiththeuniverseandtranscendthelimitationsofthematerialworld.Thetranscendentalistsfoundtheirchiefsourceofinspirationinnature.2ppt课件MajorfeaturesofNewEnglandTranscendentalism

Emphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.TheOversoulwasanall-pervadingpowerforgoodness,omnipresentandomnipotent,fromwhichallthingscameandofwhichallwereapart.Itexistedinnatureandmanalikeandconstitutedthechiefelementoftheuniverse.3ppt课件

Emphasisontheimportanceoftheindividual.Tothemtheindividualwasthemostimportantelementofsociety.Astheregenerationofsocietycouldonlycomeaboutthroughtheregenerationoftheindividual,hisperfection,hisself-cultureandself-improvement,andnotthefrenziedefforttogetrich,shouldbecomethefirstconcernofhislife.Theidealtypemanwastheself-reliantindividual.4ppt课件OfferedafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.Naturewas,tothem,notpurelymatter.Itwasalive,filledwithGod’soverwhelmingpresence.Itwasthegarmentoftheoversoul.Thereforeitcouldexerciseahealthyandrestorativeinfluenceonthehumanmind.Whatthetranscendentalistsseemedtobesayingwas,“Gobacktonature,sinkyourselfbackintoitsinfluence,andyou’llbecomespirituallywholeagain.”Thenaturaltendedtobecomesymbolic,andthephysicalworldwasasymbolofthespiritual.5ppt课件

Emerson’sessayNature(1836)wasthefirstmajordocumentofthetranscendentalschoolandstatedtheideasthatweretoremaincentraltoit.HisotherkeytranscendentalistworksincludeTheAmericanScholar(1837),avolumeinwhichheaddressedtheintellectual’sdutytoculture,andSelf-Reliance(1841),anessayinwhichheassertedtheimportanceofbeingtruetoone’sownnature.6ppt课件Themajorfeatures

Firstly,theyplacedemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingintheUniverse.首先，超验主义者强调精神，或超灵，认为这是宇宙至为重要的存在因素。117ppt课件Secondly,theystressedtheimportanceoftheindividual.Tothem,theindividualwasthemostimportantelementofsociety.

其二，超验主义者强调个人的重要性。他们认为个人是社会的最重要的组成部分。Themajorfeatures

28ppt课件Thirdly,theyofferedafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.Naturewas,tothem,alive,filledwithGod’soverwhelmingpresence.

其三，超验主义者以全新的目光看待自然，认为自然界是超灵或上帝的象征。在他们看来，自然界不只是物质而已。Themajorfeatures39ppt课件Mainrequires：

1.至善

【absolutegood】

2.纯洁无暇

【unspottedinnocenceofnature】

3.人具有神性

【humanitywasgodlikeandthatevilwasnonexistentappearedtobeanoptimisticfolly】410ppt课件Wewillworkwithourownhands.Wewillspeakourownminds.We

willwalkwithourownfeet.

-RalphWaldoEmerson11ppt课件

RalphWaldoEmerson

(1803-1882)Americanphilosopher,poetandessayistThemosteloquentspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism.12ppt课件LifeRalphWaldoEmersonwasbornonthesamestreetasthebirthhomeofBenjaminFranklin.HisfatherwasafamousministerwhoencouragedyoungRalphtopursuephilosophyatayoungage.Hisfatherpassedawaywhenhewas8andEmersonislefttosupporthisfourotherbrothers.RalphwasaskedtoshareacoatwithhisbrotherEdwardtosavefinances.Despitethehardships,alltheEmersonboys,exceptone,graduatedfromHarvardUniversity.13ppt课件lifeAftergraduation,EmersonbecameaschoolteacherinsuburbanBoston.In1823,hegraduatedfromseminaryschoolandbecameapriest神父tofollowinthefootstepsofhisfather.14ppt课件Essays:Nature1836AmericanScholar1837DivinitySchoolAddress1838Essay(twoseries)18411844RepresentativeMen1850EnglishTraits18567.TheConductofLife18608.SocietyandSolitude1870LettersandSocialAims1876Self-Reliance184115ppt课件Poems:1.Poems18472.MayDay18673.ConcordHymn18374.TheRhodora18465.TheHumbleBee18476.Days16ppt课件Thescholaristhatmanwhomusttakeupintohimselfalltheabilityofthetime,allthecontributionsofthepast,allthehopesofthefuture,hemustbeanuniversityofknowledge.

Inthewoods,wereturntoreasonandfaith,thereIfeelthatnothingcanbefallmeinlife---nodisgrace,nocalamity…,whichnaturecannotrepair.

你若是爱千古，你应该爱现在；昨日不能唤回来，明日还是不实在；你能确有把握的，只有今日的现在。

---RalphWaldoEmerson17ppt课件

NatureIntroduction:Inthe“Introduction”,EmersonpronouncesthefundamentalpremiseaboutNatureinTranscendentalism,thatis,NatureisnotsimplytheNot-Mebutalsotheuniversalmindwhosesigns,orsymbols,arevisiblefortheindividualtoread,witheyes,heartandmind.The‘Introduction”isfollowedbyeightsections,eachofwhichdevelopsageneralthesis:“Nature”;“Commodity”;“Beauty”;“Language”;“Discipline”;“Idealism”;“Spirit”and“Prospects”.18ppt课件

QuestionsforreadingNatureAccordingtoPara2,whydoesEmersonbelievethatthestarsawakenareverenceinpeople?Whendonaturalobjectsmakeasimilarimpressionofreverence?HowdoesEmersondescribetheloverofnature?WhatdoesEmersonmeanwhenhesays,“Inthewoodstoo,amancastsoffhisyears”?WhydoesEmersonsay,“IampartparticleofGod”?19ppt课件

CommentonNature(1)《论自然》无论是作为教义,还是神秘思想,无论是从哲学角度去审视它,还是用诗人的思维去欣赏它,都是蕴涵深刻的作品。Emersonadvocatesmanshouldgobacknatureandtheprimevallandwheremancanregainself-confidencetoexertthepotentialityfornatureistheonlyinfinitespringofman’sinspirationandpower.Natureadvocatesnottofollowthebeatentrackandbeconfinedbyhistory.Manshoulddirectlylookupontheexuberantnaturewiththebrand-neweyebecausethereisthenewheavenandearth,newmanandnewthoughtshere.20ppt课件.Emersonholdstheuniverseconsistsofnatureandspirit.Naturealwayswearsthecolorsofthespirit,whichisthesymbolofthespirit.Onlythespiritandnaturearemeltedintowholenessofharmonycanengendertherealpleasures.21ppt课件Onlymanstandalooffromthehubbubsandsolitaryandgazethenaturewiththepurespiritofinfancy,canhisspiritcommunewiththenature.Forthis,mancanmysticallycommunewiththenatureandfeeltheprofoundthoughtsandperfectemotionsandwasthereforepartorparticleofGod.22ppt课件

Emerson’sdiary(1)DiaryofMay24,1847Thedayscomeandgolikemuffledandveiledfiguressentfromadistantfriendlyparty,buttheysaynothing,andifwedonotusethegiftstheybring,theycarrythemassilentlyaway-Becomesthepoem‘Days’,whichisoneofhisbest:23ppt课件

Naturediscussestheloveofnature,theusesofnature,theidealistphilosophyinrelationtonature,evidenceofspiritinthematerialuniverse,andthepotentialexpansionofhumansoulsandworksthatwillresultfromageneralreturntodirect,immediatecontactwiththenaturalenvironment.IntheessayEmersonclearlyexpressesthemainprinciplesofhisTranscendentalistpursuitandhislovefornature.Inexpressinghisbeliefinthemystical“unityofnature”,Emersondevelopshisconceptofthe“over-soul”or“UniversalMind”.IntheselectionEmerson’sfamousmetaphorof“atransparenteyeball”isemployedtoillustratephilosophicaldiscussion.24ppt课件Daughtersoftime,thehypocriticDays,Muffledanddumblikebarefootdervishes,Andmarchingsingleinanendlessfile,Bringdiademsandfagotsintheirhands,Toeachtheyoffergiftsafterhiswill,Bread,kingdoms,stars,andskythatholdsthemall.I,inmypleachedgarden,watchedthepomp,Forgotmymorningwishes,hastilyTookafewherbsandapples,andtheDayTurnedanddepartedsilent.I,toolate,Underhersolemnfilletsawthescorn.Days25ppt课件FeaturesofEmerson’sworks

Elegantstyleofessay,akindofabilityofexpressingthoughtswithfreshness,vividnessandbroadvistas---娓娓道来,亲切生动,其中点缀着联系松散的随想、格言、箴言、谚语、寓言,被人认为是与孔子、陪根等人的”智慧文学”的一脉相承。他阐述思想的能力无人能及。他行文的最大特色是洗练，格言式的警句，他的散文有时被描绘成一串珠宝，每颗宝石都光彩夺目，每个句子都代表涵盖着所有真理的洞察力，是全部真理的缩影。他在文章中表达的哲学思想有一种独特的力量，构成了有机的统一，具有很大的启发性，抓住了他同时代人的想象力，迎合了当时美国人乐观向上的精神。skillfullyusingrhetoricsandrebuildsgrotesqueimageforfullystressingthetheme.：-s26ppt课件FeaturesofEmerson’sworks

Elegantstyleofessay,akindofabilityofexpressingthoughtswithfreshness,vividnessandbroadvistas娓娓道来,亲切生动,其中点缀着联系松散的随想、格言、箴言、谚语、寓言,被人认为是与孔子、陪根等人的”智慧文学”的一脉相承。他阐述思想的能力无人能及。他行文的最大特色是洗练，格言式的警句，他的散文有时被描绘成一串珠宝，每颗宝石都光彩夺目，每个句子都代表涵盖着所有真理的洞察力，是全部真理的缩影。他在文章中表达的哲学思想有一种独特的力量，构成了有机的统一，具有很大的启发性，抓住了他同时代人的想象力，迎合了当时美国人乐观向上的精神。skillfullyusingrhetoricsandrebuildsgrotesqueimageforfullystressingthetheme.Inwritingskill,hereconstructscertaincommonliteraryimageandconfershisworkswithnewspiritorestheticimplication.27ppt课件三个重要观点：信心、独立、个性首先，爱默生认为一个人应该相信自己。最后,人应该有他的个性,是个自力更生的人。其次，一个人应该独立行事,不能总是依赖其他人。

论自助28ppt课件1、不久前有一天，我读了一位杰出的画家写的几首诗，它们立意新奇，不落窠臼。先别管诗的题材如何，灵魂总是从字里行间听到一种告诫。这些诗句所灌输的情感比它们包含的任何思想更有价值。相信你自己的思想，相信你内心深处认为对你适用的东西对一切人都适用——这就是天才。如果把你隐藏的信念说出来，它一定会成为普遍的感受；因为最内在的在适当的时候就变成了最外在的——我们最初的思想会被“最后的审判”的号角吹送到我们耳边。心灵的声音尽管每个人都非常熟悉，但是我们认为摩西、柏拉图和弥尔顿的最大功绩就在于他们蔑视书本和传统，不是自己想到的东西不说。

论自助29ppt课件

一个人应当学会发现和观察从内部闪过他心灵的微光，而不是诗人和圣贤的天空里的光彩。可是他擅自摒弃了自己的思想，就因为这是他自己的东西。在天才的每一部作品中，