2021年北京市高考英语试卷真题

2021年北京市高考真题英语试卷

北京卷-英语

本试卷共11页，共100分.考试时长90分钟.

考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效.

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.

第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最

佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.

Recently,Itookatriphomebytrain.Igotaseatoppositeamiddle-agedmanwithsharp

eyes,whokept1ayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap.The

woman'seyefellontheman'sface,andsheimmediatelylookeddownand2herscarf.

Asthenightworeon,peoplebegantoclosetheireyes,buttheseatsweresouncomfortable

thatonlyaveryheavysleepercouldmanagetogetany3Thewomanlookedoveratthe

man.Hewasstillstaringather.Shelookedbackathimwithfireinhereyes.Iwasbeginningto

get4,too.

Thetrainmovedon.Thelittleboywas5awakeonhismother'slap,butthewoman

droppedofftosleep.Amomentlater,hebeganto6thehalf-openwindow—onelegwent

overit.Themanjumpedupand7thechildjustbeforehefellout.

The8wokeupthewoman.Sheseemedtobein9,andthenrealitydawned

（显现）.uYourchildhasbeenlookingfbranopportunitytoclimboutofthewindow,“theman

saidashegavethechildbacktoher..”SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime."Thewoman

was10,andsowasI.

1.A.guidingB.botheringC.watchingD.

monitoring

2.A.adjustedB.changedC.packedD.waved

3.A.airB-joyC.spaceD.rest

4.A.nervousB.embarrassedC.angryD.

disappointed

5.A.almostB.stillC.hardlyD.even

6A.dragB.climbC.knockD.push

7.A.grabbedB.rockedC.touchedD.picked

8.A.alarmB.quarrelC.riskD.noise

9.A.sorrowB.reliefC.panicD.pain

10.A.astonishedB.confusedC.concernedD.inspired

第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出

提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Whydowedream?Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse11

(idea).Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsorts

througheverything12happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestoold

memories.Asit13(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougeta

dream.

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出

提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Samisanin-real-lifestreamer(播主)，andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthis

day.Whileridinghisbikehome14acoldnight,hecameacrossasad-lookingelderly

womanwanderingthestreetsbyherself.Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformation

about15shelived.Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould

16(safe)waitforthepolicetotakeherhome.

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出

提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

There17(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast

20years,18(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfrom

theUnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundthe

world,19(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbe

duetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed20(invest)indisaster

prevention.

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在

答题卡上将该项涂黑.

A

Ifyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,science,orculture,thenan

internship（实习）atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou.

Whocanapply?

Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies；or.

Youarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamaster'sdegree.

Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesin

atechnicalinstitution.

Whataretherequirements?

Youmustbeatleast20yearsold.

Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench.

Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.

Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworking

environment.

Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.

Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?

Visa：Youshouldobtainthenecessaryvisas.

Travel：Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyou

willdoyourinternship.

Medicalinsurance：Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid

（有效的）inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.UNESCOwillprovide

limitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinternshipperiod.

Medicalcertificate：Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefitto

work.

Motivationletter：Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingoutthe

applicationfbnn.

YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsix

months.Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate.Ifselected,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.If

youdonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixmonths,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeen

successful.

21.Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto・

A.holdamaster'sdegreeinscience

B.haveinternationalworkexperience

C.befluentineitherEnglishorFrench

D.presentaletterfromatechnicalinstitution

22.WhatwillUNESCOprovidefbrtheinternshipperiod?

A.Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage.

B.Trainingincommunicationskills.

C.Amedicalcertificatefbrwork.

D.Financialsupportfortravel.

23.Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform?

A.ContactUNESCOmanagers.B.Getaccesstothedatabase.

C.Keepamotivationletterathand.D.Workinateamfbrsixmonths.

B

Irememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester

（学期）projectofvolunteeringatanon-profitorganization.Whentheteacherintroducedusto

thedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp,mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren

（OIC）.Myfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofa

differencewiththeplansIhadinmind.

Then,anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails,whichsomewhatinterestedme.After

doingsomeresearch,Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingfbrthosekids.WhenIwent

onlinetotheOICwebsite,IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.Theirfacesweresopowerfulin

sendingamessageoftheirdespair（绝望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithout

hesitation.Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible,andmaketheminto

kits------onekit,onechild.

Themostrewardingdayfbrourgroupwasprojectday,whenalltheeffortsweputinto

collectingtheitemsfinallycametogether.WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected,ithit

methateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqi

child.Overthepastfourmonths,IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwas

completed.Whilemakingthekits,IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit.I

hadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagood

gradeon.Whenthekitswerecompleted,andreadytobesentoverseas,thewarmfeelingIhad

wasone1wouldneverforget.

Inthebeginning,Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson.Nowthat

ourprojectisover,IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife,butten.Withourefforts,ten

youngboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.

24.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning?

A.Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans.

B.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas.

C.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade.

I）Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations.

25.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject?

A.ImagesofIraqichildren.B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates.

C.Ateachefsintroduction.D.Arepresentative^comments.

26.Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento・.

A.becomeOICvolunteersB.furthertheireducation

C.studyinforeigncountriesD.influenceotherchildren

27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?

A.One*spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated.

B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted.

C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

1）.Hewhohesitatesislost.

C

Hundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopen

letterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenlywiththerisk

ofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas”a

crediblescenario（情景）thiscentury”.

Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwater

shortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswell

underway.

Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentof

still-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvanced

nations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthat

safetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.

Theinternationalscholars,warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeor

whenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcemedwithidentifying

trendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories（签署者）ofthe

warningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe"'ecologicalfootprinf,concept,whichmeasures

thetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrent

footprintofhumanity,uitseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possibly

withinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,“Johnsonsaidinanemail.

“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits"theDecemberwarning

lettersays,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm^^.Andyetmessengers

ofthecomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.

Asapoetwrote,

Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）

Intheincurableformofhope.

Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（执着）onquietinghopethatignores

preparedness.<4Lefslookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,theysay,“anddealwiththeterrible

possibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfiiture.”

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germane“inParagraph3probablymean?

A.Scientific.B.Credible.

C.Original.D.Relevant.

29.Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris.

A.worriedB.puzzled

C.surprisedD.scared

30.Whatcanweleamfromthispassage?

A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.

B.Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.

C.Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.

D.Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.

D

Earlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewas

unlesssomeoneaskedhim.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattime

variesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Today'sstate-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshave

provenEinsteinright.Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausethe

answerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking.

Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute.Whatif,insteadofconsideringtimeintermsof

astronomy,werelatedtimetoecology?Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthe

tempo（节奏）ofhumanlife?WeYeincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarth

systemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（调节）ouractionsifwe

hopetoliveinbalance.Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat?

Recently,Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedtocircumstances

onourplanet,conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming.We'renowbuildinga

clockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,which

aresensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges.We*veprogrammedittomatchanatomic

clockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate.Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureon

average,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,you'llseetheopposite

effect.

Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics.It*s

asortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（时

I可框架）,andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones.Anyonewho

optstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet.Anyonewho

considersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybe

motivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies.

Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars,earlyagriculturalsocietiesalso

connectedtimetonaturalphenomena.Inpre-ClassicalGreece,forinstance,

people"corrected^officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardorbackwardtoreflectthechangeof

season.Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival.Likewise,rivertime

andothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness.

WhenSt.Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime,hehighlightedoneoftime'smost

noticeablequalities：Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext.Anytimekeepingsystem

isvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose.

31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature.

B.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms.

C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit.

D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.

32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto.

A.presentanassumptionB.evaluateanargument

C.highlightanexperimentD.introduceanapproach

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife.

B.NewwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems.

C.Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriversrunslower.

D.Modemtechnologymayhelptoshapetherivers9temporalframe.

34.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

A.Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime.

B.Afixedframewillmaketimemeaningless.

C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature.

D.Historyisamirrorreflectingreality.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答

题卡上将该项涂黑.选项中有两项为多余选项.

Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople.35

Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued.Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwith

manyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes.

36However,forthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain.By

distracting（分心）themindfromthepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxiety

levels.This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain.

Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed.37While

thevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed,theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktoblood

pressure.Similarly,accordingtoresearchers,listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceveryday

mayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels,throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety.

Whenitcomestohearthealth,thereisspeculation（推测）thatit*snotthestyleofmusic,

butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth.InoneEuropeanstudy,

participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandblood

pressure.38Ontheotherhand,whenthemusicslowed,theparticipants'stressand

anxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit.

39Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocould

bebeneficialfor,whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable.

A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems.

B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud.

C.Thisideaisalittleoff^the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking.

D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep.

E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive.

F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety.

G.Interestingly,themorecheerfulthemusicwas,thefastertheirheartrateswere.

第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12

分）

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved,theemotionalresponsetiedtoitis

significantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased.Thus,itmaybeworthbringingupissueswith

yourfriends,familymembers,orclassmatesratherthanholdingthemback.

Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting.Arguingisthatyouandyouropponent

presentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcerns.Youcan

engageinanargumentrespectfullywithoutstirringup（激起）anger.