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年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)2022年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试英语真题(北京卷)
英语也需要巩固错题,将常常消失的错误记录在小笔记本上,不断复习巩固,避开重复错误;每天早上起床后大声朗读也是一种好习惯。下面是我为大家整理的2022年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷),盼望对您有所关心!
2022年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)
2022年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)
英语
本试卷共11页,共100分。考试时长90分钟。
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答,在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分学问运用(共两节,30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)
阅读下面短文,把握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
OneMondaymorning,whilethechildrenwereenjoying“freeplay”,Isteppedtothedoorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.Suddenly,I1amovementoftheheavywoodendoor.ThiswastheverydoorI2guidedthechildrenthroughtoensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.Ifeltachill(寒意)gothroughmybody.
Mylegscarriedmetothatdoor,andIpusheditopen.ItwasoneofmykindergartenerswhoIthoughtwas3thatday.Hehadbeendroppedoffatschoollateandwas4toopenthedoor.
Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!Withoutaword,Irushedhimtothehospital.Hewastreatedforfrostbiteonhishands.He’dneedtimeto5,andwouldn’tcomeforclassthenextday,Ithought.
Thenextmorning,oneofthefirstto6wasmylittlefrostbittenboy.Notonlydidheruninwithenergy,buthis7couldbeheardasloudasever!Igavehimawarmhugandtoldhimhow8Iwastoseehim.Hiswordshavestayedwithmealltheseyears,“Iknewyouwouldopenthedoor.”
ThatcoldMondaymorning,hewaitedalong,longwhileforadultsto9.Toachild,everyminutefeelslikeforever.Hedidn’tattempttowalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.Thisfive-year-oldtaughtmeapowerfullessonin10.
1.A.causedB.spottedC.checkedD.imagined
2.A.hesitantlyB.randomlyC.dizzilyD.carefully
3.A.angryB.absentC.specialD.noisy
4.A.courageousB.contentC.unableD.unwilling
5.A.recoverB.playC.changeD.wait
6.A.settleB.gatherC.arriveD.react
7.A.sneezeB.weepC.complaintD.laughter
8.A.luckyB.happyC.curiousD.nervous
9.A.showupB.pullupC.holdupD.lineup
10.A.gratitudeB.forgivenessC.faithD.kindness
其次节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)
阅读下列短文,依据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate11theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.Focusedonbalancingthebags,shedidn’tnoticeherwalletfallingoutofherpocket.AsHelenwalkedon,sheheardamanchargingtowardsher.Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention12(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.Eventually,theman13(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!
B
Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasingly14(support)byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.It’seasytoexplainhowwedetermine15smellsaredangerousornot:welearn.Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionofgasleaks.Gasnaturally16(have)norecognisablesmell.However,astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.
C
Sincepeoplecan’talwayseatoutorcookfor17(they),theygettakeoutororderdelivery.Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,bottles,andbags,mostof18areonlygoodforoneuse.That’sabigproblemanditisgettingeven19(bad).Theuseofthoseplastics20(increase)by300%since2022.Theworldwon’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.
其次部分阅读理解(共两节,38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Peer(同伴)AssistedStudySessions(PASS)isapeer-facilitatedlearningprogrammeavailabletostudentsenrolled(注册)inmostcoreunitsofstudyinourbusinessschool.
PASSinvolvesweeklysessionswhereyouworkingroupstotacklespeciallypreparedproblemsets,basedaroundaunitofstudyyou’reenrolledin.
PASSdoesn’tre-teachordelivernewcontent.It’sanopportunitytodeepenyourunderstandingofthekeypointsfromlecturematerialswhileyouareapplyingyourskillstosolveproblems.
Youworkinteractivelywithyourpeers.Asapeergroup,youdecidewhatiscoveredineachsession.Thatway,PASSdirectlyrespondstoyourneedsandfeedback.
RegistrationinTerm2willopenat9am,21September2022.
Waitinglists
Ifasessionisfull,youcanregisterforthewaitinglist.Wewillemailyouifaplacebecomesavailableorifanewsessionistobeheld.
Whenyouareplacedonawaitinglist,wewillemailyouanumberwhichtellsyouwhereyouareonthelist.Ifyouareclosetothefrontofthelist,youhaveagoodchanceofgainingaplaceintheprogrammeinthenearfuture.
Deregistering
IfyoumisstwoPASSsessionsinarow,youwillbederegisteredandyourplacewillbegiventosomeoneonthewaitinglist.Makesureyoufillintheattendancesheetateachsessiontorecordyourattendance.
You’llbeinformedbyemailifyouarebeingderegisteredasaresultofmissingsessions.Ifyoubelieveyouhavereceivedtheemailinerror,emailthePASSofficeatpassoffice@.
21.InPASS,students______.
A.attendnewlecturesB.decidetheirownschedules
C.prepareproblemsetsingroupsD.usetheirskillstosolveproblems
22.Whatcanstudentsdoifasessionisfull?
A.Fillintheattendancesheet.B.Signupforthewaitinglist.
C.Reporttheirneedsandfeedback.D.Emailtheofficetheirnumbersonthelist.
23.Studentswillbederegisteredif______.
A.theysendemailsinerrorB.theyfailtoworkinteractively
C.theygivetheirplacestoothersD.theymisstwosessionsinarow
B
MynameisAlice.Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled(减弱)myabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon,constantlystaringatthiswallthatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.
Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmetoslowlybuildupmycouragetospeakone-on-onewithhim—anideathathadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswheremystorybegan.
Amonthlater,BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Lookingback,Inowseethatthiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.
IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandI’verealisedthatmybiggestobstacle(障碍)thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingmethatonephrasethathasstoppedsomanypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:Ican’t.Theysaygoodthingscometothosewhowait;Isay:grabeveryopportunitywitheverythingyouhaveandbeimpatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butouraction.
24.WhatwasthemaincauseforAlice’sanxiety?
A.Herinabilitytoactherage.B.Herhabitofconsumption.
C.Herdesiretobeperfect.D.Herlackofinspiration.
25.HowdidGrantBrown’spresentationinfluenceAlice?
A.Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature.B.Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.
C.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.D.Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.
26.TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore______.
A.intelligentB.confidentC.innovativeD.critical
27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?
A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Patienceisacureofanxiety.
C.Actionisworry’sworstenemy.D.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.
C
“Whatwouldtheworldbeiftherewerenohunger?”It’saquestionthatProfessorCrystalwouldaskherstudents.Theyfoundithardtoanswer,shewrotelater,becauseimaginingsomethingthatisn’tpartofreallife—andlearninghowtomakeitreal—isarareskill.Itistaughttoartistsandengineers,butmuchlessoftentoscientists.Crystalsetouttochangethat,andhelpedtocreateaglobalmovement.Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenasessentialinmeetingglobalchallenges.
Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutritionbecauseitrequiresconsideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredandconsumed,andlookingathowthosethingsintersect(交叉)withhumanhealth,theenvironment,economicsandsociety.Accordingtosystemsthinking,changingthefoodsystem—oranyothernetwork—requiresthreethingstohappen.First,researchersneedtoidentifyalltheplayersinthatsystem;second,theymustworkouthowtheyrelatetoeachother;andthird,theyneedtounderstandandquantifytheimpactofthoserelationshipsoneachotherandonthoseoutsidethesystem.
Takenutrition.InthelatestUNreportonglobalfoodsecurity,thenumberofundernourished(养分不良)peopleintheworldhasbeenrising,despitegreatadvancesinnutritionscience.Trackingof150biochemicalsinfoodhasbeenimportantinrevealingtherelationshipsbetweencalories,sugar,fatandtheoccurrenceofcommondiseases.Butusingmachinelearningandartificialintelligence,somescientistsproposethathumandietsconsistofatleast26,000biochemicals—andthatthevastmajorityarenotknown.
Asystemsapproachtocreatingchangeisalsobuiltontheassumptionthateveryoneinthesystemhasequalpower.Butassomeresearchersfind,thefoodsystemisnotanequalone.Agoodwaytoredress(修正)suchpowerimbalanceisformoreuniversitiestodowhatCrystaldidandteachstudentshowtothinkusingasystemsapproach.
Moreresearchers,policymakersandrepresentativesfromthefoodindustrymustlearntolookbeyondtheirdirectlinesofresponsibilityandadoptasystemsapproach.Crystalknewthatvisionsalonedon’tproduceresults,butconcludedthat“we’llneverproduceresultsthatwecan’tenvision”.
28.TheauthorusesthequestionunderlinedinParagraph1to______.
A.illustrateanargumentB.highlightanopinion
C.introducethetopicD.predicttheending
29.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefieldofnutrition?
A.Thefirstobjectiveofsystemsthinkinghasn’tbeenachieved.
B.Therelationshipsamongplayershavebeenclarified.
C.Machinelearningcansolvethenutritionproblem.
D.Theimpactofnutritioncannotbequantified.
30.Asforsystemsthinking,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?
A.Itmaybeusedtojustifypowerimbalance.
B.Itcanbeappliedtotacklechallenges.
C.Ithelpstoprovewhyhungerexists.
D.Itgoesbeyondhumanimagination.
D
Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.
Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”
Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.
AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2022.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.
Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”
CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.
31.RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels______.
A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD.excited
32.WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?
A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.
C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.
33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?
A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.
34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?
B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?
C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?
D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?
其次节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)
依据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.35Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.
36Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.37Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.
Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.38Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.
Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.39This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.
A.Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.
B.Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.
C.Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.
D.Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.
E.Ifwekeepourbodyfit,wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.
F.Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.
G.Thismakesourbodysufferandwecatchlifestyleandotherdiseases.
第三部分书面表达(共两节,32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)
阅读下面短文,依据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused(浸泡)water.
Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.“Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks,”Tomexplains.
Thebottleismadewithastrainer(滤网)thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsugarsofthevariousfruitsandvegetablesyouchoosetocomethroughthewater,withoutanyoftheseedsorskinsflowingthrough.
TomisproudofhisdesignandexcitedtobesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandinstores,butthis15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).
Tomhasbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble.Whenaskedwhatadvicehe’dgiveotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,“Prepareandhaveyourfamily’ssupport.Itisimportanttoknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,andthereisnosuchthingasovernightsuccess.”
40.WhatdidTomwitnessathisownschool?
41.WheredidTomgettheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?
42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.
?TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.
43.AmongTom’squalities,whichone(s)doyouthinkwillbeimportantforus?Why?(Inabout40words)
其次节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三同学李华。你准备邀请英国好友Jim为你们班做一关于英语写作的线上阅历沟通。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件,内容包括:
1.建议沟通的详细内容及其缘由;
2.沟通时间和其他相关事项。
留意:1.词数100左右;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
DearJim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
LiHua
2022年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(北京卷)答案
第一部分学问运用(共两节,30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)
1.B2.D3.B4.C5.A
6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C
其次节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)
11.in12.toharm13.caught14.supported15.whether
16.has17.themselves18.which19.worse20.hasincreased
其次部分阅读理解(共两节,38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)
21.D22.B23.D24.C25.A
26.B27.C28.C29.A30.B
31.A32.C33.A34.D
其次节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)
35.G36.B37.D38.F39.C
第三部分书面表达(共两节,32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分
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