中考英语语法复习代词

代词（1）人称代词的用法人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的基本结构人称代词在句于中作主语时用主格，作动词或介词的宾语时用宾格。例如:应谈说betweenyouandme,而不是betweenyouandI。●人称代词在句子中作表语时，口语中常用宾格来代替主格。例如:一Who'sthat?一-It'sme.●如果主语是并列的几个人，要将人称代词you放在最前面，I放在最后面。例如:You,heandIareallfromBejing.●it可用来指动物、无生命的东西或者指上文已提到的或下文将要提到的事物，也可以指自然现象、时间、距离、温度等。例如:Thehorseisausefulanimal.Ilikeitverymuch.It'srathercoldtoday,isn'tit?[注]“it”还是可用作引导词,在句中作形式主语或形式宾语，代替由不定式或从句等所表示的真正主语或宾语。例如:ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.(it在句中作形式主语)it”可用在强调结构中，强调句子的某一成分。●形容词性物主代词只能用作定语，修饰名词:名词性物主代词相当于名词，在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语。例如:Thispenishers，mineisinmyoffice.CanIuseyours?●反身代词不能单独用作主语，也不能用作定语，但可以用来强调名词或代词，作名词或代词的同位语，有“亲自”的意思。例如:Ialwayshavetodoeverythingmyself.●反身代词可用作动词或介词的宾语。当主语和宾语指的是同一人和物时，宾语应用反身代词而不用宾格人称代词。例如:Herbrotheristooyoungtolookafterhimself.(2)指示代词指示代词有this,thesethat,those,such和same它们通常在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。●this(these)往往指下面要讲的东西，面that(those)则常指前面已经讲述过的。例如:ThisiswhatImean-youshouldgoatonce.Hisbikewasbroken.That'swhyhewaslate.●为了避免重复，常用that,those分别代替前面提到的单数名词或复数名词。例如:TheweatherinGuangzhouisbetterthanthat(=theweather)inWuhan.Theapplesonthetablearelargerthanthose(=theapples)inthebasket.●such常用于“such+a/an+单数可数名词”或"such+复数名词”结构。例如:Howcouldshethinkofsuchanidea?Theyweresuchbeautifulflowersthateverybodylikedthem.●same往往和前置的定冠词the连用。例如:Theycameonthesameday.(3)相互代词相互代词有eachother和oneanother,都表示两者或者两者以上之间的相互关系或行为。在句中多作宾语。例如:Thetwoscientitsshookhandswithoneanother.Wedidn'tevenknoweachother'snames.(4)疑问代词疑同代词有who，whomwhose.what,which.一般用于句首，在句中作主语、宾语、等，引导特殊疑问句。●疑问代词作主语时，通常使用陈述语序，谓语动词往往用单数形式。例如:WhoteachesyouEnglish?如果疑问代词作主语时前面有介词，只能用whom。口进中可用who代替whom例如：Who(m)didyougivetheletterto?Towhomdidyougivetheletter?Whose是who的所有格形式，可用作定语，成可修饰指人的的名词，也可修饰指物的名词。例如：Whosedaughteristhislittlegirl?Whosedictionaryisthis?(5)连接代词所有疑问代词都可以作连接代词。连接代词起着将从句和主句连接起来的作用，同时它又是从句的一个句子成分。例如：Wereallydidn’tknowwhathewanted.(我们相信那就是他所要的东西。)[注]有时在所引导的从句中不含疑问的意思，这样用法的what等于thething(s)which，常译为“所的.(东西)。”例如：Webelievethatwaswhathewanted.6)关系代词关系代词有who，whom,whose,which,that等，用以引导定语从句。关系代词引导的定语从句主要用以修饰名词或代词，被修饰的词被称为关系代词的先行词。由于关系代词在从句中代表它的先行词，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分，因此，当关系代词在从句中充当主语时，应依靠先行词来决定从句中的谓语动词的形式。例如：TheteacherswhoaretalkingwithLiMing’sparentsareveryfriendly.●用作定语的关系代词whose的先行词既可以是人，又可以是物从句中代表它的先行系代词Thegirlwhosehandwritinginisthebestisourmonitor.Theroomwhosewindowfacessouthismybrother's.(7)不定代词不定代词兼有名词利形容词的功用，在句子中主要用作主语、宾语、表语或定语。英语中有下面这些不定代词:some(something,somebody,someone),any(anything,anybody,anyone),no(nothing,nobody,noone)each,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,all,none,both,either,neither,one等。下面是不定代词的一些主要用法:●something,somebody,someone,anything,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody等复合不定代词通常与单数动词连用。它们都有所有格形式，修饰这些词的形容词要后置。例如:--Hasanybodyleft?--No.Everybodyisenjoyingthemselves.Haveyougotanythingelsetodo?Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.●一般来说Some用于肯定句、疑问句或条件句。例如:Someofbooksareveryuseful.Ifyouhaveanyneed,youmaytakethem.“Doyouwantanypicturebooks?"No,Idon'twantany.”另外，如果希望得到肯定回答，或表示请求、建议的口气时，some可以用于疑问句；而any表示“无论什么”时，可以用于肯定句。例如:Didn’tyougivethemsomehelp?（说话人认为已经给了他们帮忙）Willyoubuymesomeapple?"(表示请求)Youmaycomeanydayyoulike.(无论哪天)●both,either,neither用于两个人或者物。both指“两者都”;either指“两者中的任意个”;neither指“两者中没有一个”(全否定)。例如:Bothsidesofthestreetarelinedwithtrees.Eithersideofthestreetislinedwithtrees.There'steaorcoffee--youcanhaveeither.“Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?"“Neither,thanks.”●all,any和none用于三个或三个以上的人或物，all指“三个或三个以上的人或物都”:any只能作定语，指“三个或三个以上的人或物中的任意一个”:none指“三个或三个以上的人或物中没有一个”(全否定)。HisclassmatesareallfromShanghai.“WhichofthesebooksmayIborrow?”“Oh,any.”(书至少在三本以上)Noneoftheselettershavebeenanswered.(none=notany)●much(很多)，little表示否定(很少;少得几乎没有)，alitte(一些)用以代替或修饰不可数名词:many(很多)，few表示否定(很少几个，没有多少)，afew(少数几个)用以代替或修饰可数名词。例如:Ipaidlittleattentiontowhattheothersweresaying.(我对别人说什么不在意。)IamafraidIknowfewwordsofFrench.(对不起，我认识的法语单词很少。)Quiteafew(people)wenttoseethefilm.(相当多的人都去看了那部电影。)I'msorryIhaven'tgivenyoumuchhelp.(much主要用于否定句和疑问句)●another表示不定数目中的“另一个，类似的一个”:other表示“另一个，其他的”，theother表示“两个中的另一个人或物”。theothers表示“其余的大或物”。others泛指“其他的人(物)”时，不加定冠词the,例如:Idon'tlikethisone.Canyoushowmeanother(one)?Idon'tlikethese.Canyoushowmeanyothers?Thelittleboyhadabookinonehand,andaballintheother.Theseglassesgotbrokenbutsomeoftheothersareallright.Begoodtoothers.●each(每一个，各个)和every(每个)在用法上有所不同。each着重于同类东西的个别性，every着重于同类东西的共同性。every只用作定语;而each可作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。例如:Eachoftheteachershasacomputer.(每位教师)Everystudentshouldwriteareport.(所有的学生)Theteachergavethestudentsaredpeneach.(each用作同位语)●one可以指人，也可以指物;泛指“人们”(包括“你”和“我”)时，所有格是one's,还可构成反身代词oneself.例如:Noonefailedintheexam.Therearetwobagshere;whichoneisyours?Onemustdoone'sduty.(一个人必须尽自己的责任、)人称代词表格数与人称类别人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性单数第一人称Imemyminemyself第二人称youyouyouryoursyourself第三人称hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数第一人称weusouroursourselves第二人称youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称theythemtheirtheirsthemselves小试牛刀 (1)The

British

Royal

Family

lives1

lives

in

the

public

eyes,but

there’s

one

thingabout

2that

notmany

people

know:their

last

name.

That’ssimply

because,

ingeneral,

3don’t

need

a

last

name.

They’re

so

famous

that

they’re

easily

known.However

the

British

Royal

Family

does

have

a

last

name--Mountbatten-Windsor.1.A.theirB.themC.theyD.themselves2.A.theirB.themC.themselvesD.they3.A.themselvesB.themC.theirD.they(2)Hello,

everyone.

I’m

Li

Hua.

1

nice

to

speak

aboutwhat

we

cando

for

the

environmentandI

thinkeachof

us

can

do

a

little

bit

to

help

with

2problem.We

study

in

the

bright

classroom.

But

sometimes

wedon’t

turn

off

the

lights

when

class

is

over.

So

Isuggestthat

the

student

3leaves

the

classroom

last

should

turnoffeach

light

tosave

electricity.

1.A.It’sB.ItsC.ItD.I’m2.A.thatB.thisC.theseD.those3.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.Whom(3)Weshouldobeythetrafficrules.Itisdangeroustorideabikewithonehandholdingtheumbrellawith

1

.Allofusshouldlearntolookafter2.Andwecan’tplaywith3inthestreet.1.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.others2.A.ourB.usC.themselvesD.ourselves3.A.eachB.anotherC.oneanotherD.him语法选择Ifyour

home

is

like

most

others,

you’ve

probably

got

1recycling

bin(分类回收桶)

inyourhouse.Thatisthe

2

step

to

recycling.

But

there

are

other

things

that3

parentsand

kids

can

do

to

make

recycling

work

better.First,what

kinds

of

rubbish

bins

are

there

in

your

house?

You’ve

probablyjust

got

one

rubbish

bin

whereeverything4

.

But

it’s

a

good

idea

to

place

different

binsfor

different

paper.

For

example,

you

can

place

amuch5

recycling

bin

in

the

kitchen

for

food

rubbish.

You

can

6

put

a

small

recycling

bin

in

the

bathroom

for

any

uselesspaper

there.Before

you

throw

something

into

the

recycling

bin,

stop

and

think

if

you

can

use

7again.Take

plastics

with

yoghurt(酸奶)

for

example.

After

8

what’s

in

them,

you

canclean

them

and

store

them

in

a

cupboard,

andlater

you

canuse

them

for

storing

other

food.

You

can

do

the

same

withthe

glass

bottles,

too.

You

can

also

share

your

recycling

9

with

your

neighbors.

If

you

decide

to

put

something

in

the

recycling

bin,

it’s

very

important

to

follow

this

method.

10

it

has

foodor

drinkin

it,

you

must

clean

it

before

you

put

it

in

the

recyclingbin.It

can’t

be

recycled

with

food

still

in

it.

Youshouldplace

it

11

the

running

water

for

12seconds

to

clean

it.This

saves

time

for

the

workers

in

the

recycling

center.Then

theycan

spend

their

time

13

more

important

work.The

last

thing

to

remember

is--don’t

give

up!

14

is

a

whole

life

task

and

you

mustn’t

just

do

recycling

for

amonth

and

then

return

to

your

old

habits.

You

can

also

continue

to

find

15

waystorecycle.

So

make

recyclingyour

new

habit.1.A.anB.aC./D.the2.A.oneB.lastC.firstD.second3.A.both

B.allC.noneD.neither4.A.goe