虚拟语气教案

第页共页虚拟语气教案虚拟语气教案更多精彩；英语老师网英语老师网论坛课间团购网虚拟语气一、语气的种类：英语句子中谓语动词的语气有四种：1.直陈语气(TheIndicativeMood)直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描绘状态：e.g.Hehaspublishedquiteanumberofessaysthisyear.他今年已发表了好几篇论文。2.祈使语气(TheImperativeMood)祈使语气用于提出恳求、命令、建议或是劝告等：e.g.Waitoutsideuntilyouareasked.请在外面等候，请你进再进去。Let'sjusttakeabreak,shallwe?我们休息一会儿，好吗?3.疑问语气(theinterrogativemood)：用来提出问题e.g.Wherearefrom?4.虚拟语气(TheSubjunctiveMood)虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比拟多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。e.g.Iwishyouweremorecareful.但愿你更细心一些。IfIhadmoremoney,Iwouldbuyabiggerapartment.我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。Wouldyoumindshuttingthedoor?劳驾您把门关上。二、虚拟语气的种类：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比拟多；条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。三、真实性条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生,各种构造如下：条件从句主句一般如今时shall/will+动词原形祈使句情态动词一般如今时e.g.Ifhees,hewillbringhisviolin.假如他来，会带小提琴来的。典型例题：Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般如今时。注意：1.在真实条件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示将来，该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2.表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般如今时的动词形式四、非真实条件句1.虚拟语气可以表示过去，如今和将来的情况，时态的根本特点是时态往后推移2.与如今事实相反的假设一般过去时(be用were)Would/should/could/might/oughtto+动词原形1.Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.2.ifwehadenoughmoney,wewouldbuyaputer.3.ifIwereyou,Iwouldn'tdoit.4.ifitrainedtomorrow,we'dstayathome.5.itwouldbeoddifshewereawardedthefirstprize.与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词1.Ifhehadeyesterday,Ishouldhavetoldhimaboutit.2.ifIhadbeeninherpositionI'dhavequit.3.iftheweatherhadn'tbeensobad,wemighthavegoneout.4.ifhehadapologized,youshouldhavedonesotoo.5.IshouldneverhavedoneitifIhadn'tbeensohardup.与将来不大可能发生的事情的假想一般过去时/should/would+动词原形Should/would/could/might/oughtto+动词原形1.Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.3.ifhewent,wouldyougotoo?与将来事实相反的.假设were+不定式Should/would/could/might/oughtto+动词原形1.ifsheweretoloseherplacetheywouldberuined.2.ifyouweretospeaktohim,itwouldcarrymoreweight.五、混合条件句(也叫：错综时间条件句)有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句e.g.1.Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.假如你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与如今事实相反。)2.Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(如今).假如昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。3.ifyou'dlistenedtome,youwouldn'tbeinsuchtroublenow.假如你听了我的话，你如今也不会这样费事了4.ifithadn'tbeenforhercare,Ishouldnotbespeakingtoyounow.假如不是她照顾我，我也不会在这里和你讲话5.Ifthedoctorhadeintime,anywouldstillbealive.假如医生及时赶到，AMY如今还活着。六、含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句是指非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来,只暗含在上下文中。含蓄条件句常见的表达方式有：1.定语从句和状语从句e.g.anyonewhohadmarriedsuchagirlasshewouldhavebeenregretful.谁娶了像她这样的姑娘都会懊悔的helpwaspromisedwhereitshouldbeenecessary.要是需要的话就容许给予帮助2.介词及介词短语butthat,asthough,once,butfor,without,with,under,under…condition,supposing,suppose,asif,onconditionthat,inthepast等e.g.butforhispension,hewouldstarve.要不是有养老金，他都要饿死了withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'thaveachievedallthis.要不是有你帮助我不会获得这些成就withhisaid,youwouldsucceed.假如有了他的帮助，你就会成功。plantswoulddiewithoutwaterontheearth.地球上假如没有水，植物就会死的butforthefogwewouldhavereachedourdestinationlongago.要是没有雾的话，我们很早就到目的地了undermorefavourableconditionswecouldhavefinishedthetask.假如条件对我们更有利，我们就会把工作完成得更好3.连词otherwise,or,bute.g.hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthehasbeensobusy.他本来要多给你一些帮助，只是他太忙了seizethechance,otherwiseyouwouldregretit.假如不抓住这个时机，你会懊悔的hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhavehelpedyou.他昨天觉得很累，不然会帮你的4.通过分词短语表示条件e.g.Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.Legalizingthisdrugwouldhavedisastrousconsequence.使____合法化会有灾难性的后果5.用动词不定式表示条件e.g.Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim.特殊情况：情态动词在日常用语中用得很多，使句子显得比拟委婉；这类谓语算不算虚拟语气很难说，但有两点是肯定的：一是它们不受时态的影响，虽然形式接近过去式，却常指如今的情况，而且和虚拟语气在形式上一致，在不少情况下几乎可以说是一种含蓄的虚拟条件句；二是它们不表示事实，常带有主观色彩，因此使句子显得很委婉。e.g.Ishouldthinkthatmightbeagoodsolution.couldItroubleyouwithaquestion?wouldyoumindtakingpart?wouldyoulikesometea?七、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用1.虚拟语气用在wouldrather，would(just)assoon，wouldsooner，wouldprefer(希望)等后接的宾语从句中。意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。假设表示如今或将来要做某事，从句谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去已经做的事，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。e.g.Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughterdidnotworkinthesameoffice.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。Tobefrank，I'dratheryouwerenotinvolvedinthecase.坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。Youdon'thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryouwentonbusinessfirst.你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。I'dratheryoudidn'tmakeanymentontheissueforthetimebeing.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。Franklyspeaking，I'dratheryoudidn'tdoanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.坦白地说我宁愿你如今对此事什么也不做。Wouldn'tyouratheryourchildwenttobedearly?为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢?注：①假设某人愿自己做某事，wouldrather后用动词原形e.g.Iwouldratherstayathometoday.②wouldrather...than...中用动词原形e.g.Iwouldratherstayathomethangoouttoday.2.在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,mand,insist+(should)doe.g.Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.我建议下周召开个会议。Heinsistedthathe(should)be