2023年北京市丰台区高考英语一模试卷及答案解析

2023年北京市丰台区高考英语一模试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共14小题，共30.0分）

A

Givealittlesunshine!

TheCouncilonAging（COA）runsatelephonefriendshipprojectcalledtheSunshineCallProgram,

matchingover-60swithafriendlyvolunteerforadailychatoverthephone.Theaimissimple-tohelpeas

ethelonelinessandrepairsocialnetworks.

Sheila,77,aretiredteacher,livedalone.ShehasbeenreceivingcallsfromRianne,

avolunteer,

forovertwomonths."TalkingtoRianneissomethingIreallylookforwardto一abreathoff

reshair.Wetalkabouteverything—theatre,herwork,

bookswe'veread…Listeningtosomeoneelse*slifeenrichesyouandgivesyousomethingp

ositivetofocuson.0

"Atthebeginning,Ihadnoexpectationofhowthephonecallswouldgo,

butit'swonderfulthatit'sledtoagenuinefriendship.Riannehelpsmealot

Areyoureadytoaddalittlesunshinetoasenior'slife?

TheSunshineCallPrograminitiallylinksavolunteerwithanisolated（独居

的）seniorforadailycall.Whencomfortable,

thevolunteerintroducesasecondseniortothecalLThenanother,

untiltherearefourseniorstoonevolunteeronwhatisessentiallyaconferencecalLWithouthavingtolea

vethehouse,

youwillhelptheseniorsmeetandmakenewfriends.Theywillthenexchangephonenumberstochaton

theirownandreducetheirisolation.

Whatarethevolunteerqualifications?

VolunteersmusthaveaccesstotheInternetandbewillingtobetrainedontheuseofachatapp.CO

Awillprovideallsuppliesrequiredtomakethecalls.Besides,

volunteersmustagreetoparticipateinmonthlymeetingswithothervolunteersandguestspeakers.Allvo

lunteersmustbewillingtoprovidearecentCriminalRecordCheck,

thecostofwhichwillbebornebyCOA.Andthemostimportantvolunteerqualificationisasenseofcari

ngandadesiretohelpseniorsinthecommunity!

IfyouwishtovolunteerwithourSunshineCallprogram,

neverhesitate!JustCLICKHEREtofillouttheapplicationform.

1.WhydoesthepassagementionSheila'sexperience?___

A.ToshowherlonelinessB.Toshareasweetmemory.

C.TostressthevalueofCoAD.TopraiseRianne'skindness.

2.Oneoftheresponsibilitiesofvolunteersis___.

A.makingweeklycallstoseniors

B.visitingseniorsduringholidays

C.introducingnewfriendstoseniors

D.teachingseniorstousesmartphones

3.Ifyouwanttobeavolunteer,whatareyourequiredtodo?___

A.Learntheuseofachatapp.

B.Prepareacomputerbyyourself.

C.Offeraletterofrecommendation.

D.Haverelevantworkingexperience.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?___

A.ToinformthereadersofCOA.

B.ToinviteseniorstosignupforCOA

C.TointroducevolunteerworkinCOA.

D.ToadvertisefornewvolunteersforCOA.

B

ThiswasthefirstcommunicationthathadcomefromherauntinJessie'slifetime.

“Ithinkyouraunthasforgivenmeatlast,"herfathersaidashepassedtheletteracrossthetable.

Jessielookedfirstattheautograph（签

名）.Itseemedstrangetoseeherownnamethere.Therewasalikenessbetweenheraunt*sautographand

herown,ahintofthesamedecisivenessandprecision.IfJessiehadbeeneducatedfiftyyearsearlier,

shemighthavewrittenhernameinjustthatmanner.

“You'reverylikeherinsomeways,“herfathersaid,asshestillstaredattheautograph.

"IshouldthinkyoumustalmosthaveforgottenwhatAuntJessiewaslike,dear,

“shesaid."Howmanyyearsisitsinceyoulastsawher?"

"Morethanforty,

“herfathersaid."Wedisagreed.Weinvariablydisagreed.Jessiealwayspridedherselfonbeingsomoder

n.ShereadDarwinandthingslikethat.Altogetherbeyondme,Iadmit.'1

“Andsoitseemsthatshewantstoseeme.1'Jessiestraightenedhershouldersandliftedherhead.She

wasexcitedatthethoughtofmeetingthismythicalauntwhomshehadsooftenheardabout.Sometimes

shehadwonderedifthepersonalityofthisremarkablerelativehadnotbeenafigment（虚

构）ofherfather'simagination.

Butthisletterofhersthatnowlayonthebreakfasttablewasadmirableincharacter.Therewassomet

hingofintoleranceexpressedinitstone.ltwasjustlikewhatherfatherhadtoldher.

Mr.Deanecameoutofhispastmemorieswithasigh.

“Yes,yes；shewantstoseeyou,mydear,

“hesaid."Tveheardshehassetupaschoolandhelpedmanyyoungsters.Ithinkyouhadbetteracceptth

isinvitationtostaywithher.Ifshetookafancytoyou,youcouldgetabettereducation..."

Hesighedagain,

andJessieknewthatforthehundredthtimehewasregrettinghisownpastweakness...

5.HowwastherelationshipbetweenJessie'sfatherandheraunt?___

A.Itremainedverycloseovertheyears.

B.Itwasbrokenwhentheywereyoung.

C.Itgottenserduetoamisunderstanding.

D.Itwasuneasyfbrtheirfinancialdifferences.

6.Fromthepassage,weknowJessiewas___.

A.eagertomeetheraunt.

B.cautiousaboutheraunt'sinvitation

C.angrywithherauntforignoringherfamily.

D.puzzledbyheraunt'ssuddeninterestinher

7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?___

A.Jessie'sauntpromisedtoofferherbettereducation.

B.Jessie'saunt'spersonalityseemedtochangealot.

C.Jessieandherauntweredifferentinpersonality.

D.Jessie'sfatherfeltsorryforwhathehaddone.

c

Manypeoplewouldanswerthequestionofwhatmakesushumanbyinsistingthatweareculturalbeings

.Thereisnodoubtthatweare.Butonedefinitionofcultureisthetotalityoftraditionsacquiredinacom

munitybysociallearningfromotherindividuals,

andmanyanimalspecieshavetraditions.Canwethensaythatsomeanimalsareculturalbeingstoo?

Oneapproachtostudycultureinanimalsistheso-calledMethodofExclusion（排除）,

inwhichscientistsinvestigatebehavioralvariationsacrosspopulationsofonespecies.Inafamousstudy,

scientistslearnedthatchimpanzee（黑猩

猩）behaviorsweresociallypassedonastheywerepresentatsomesitesbutnotatothers,

despitehavingsameecologicalsettings.Forexample,

chimpanzeesinTaiNationalParkinIvoryCoastarewell-knownfbrtheirnut-crackingskills.Chimpanze

esinGombenationalpartinTanzania,ontheotherhand,donotcracknuts,

althoughnutsexistintheirenvironmenttoo.

However,whenapplyingtheMethodofExclusion,

onehastobeverycareful.Thereareotherfactorsthatcouldalsoexplainthepatternofbehavioralevaluat

ion.Forexample,

someofthechimpanzeetechniquesscientistsevaluatedoccurinonlyoneofthethreesubspecies.Soit's

quitepossiblethatthesebehaviorsalsohaveaninnatecomponent.Thiswouldmeanthatonechimpanze

esubspeciesusesanewtechniquenotoutofculturaltradition,

butbecausethebehaviorisfixedtospecificgenes.Anotherfactorthathastobeexcludedisofcoursethe

environmentChimpanzeesinMahaledonotfishalgae（水藻）,

simplybecausealgaedoesnotexistthere.

Butwhenweexcludeallthevariationsthatcanbeexplainedbygenesorenvironment,

westillfindthatanimalsdoshowculturalvariations.Doesthatmeanthereisnorealdifferencebetweent

hemandusafterall?Notexactly：

Thereisafundamentaldifferencebetweenhumanandanimalculture.Onlyhumanscanbuildculturally

onwhatgenerationsbeforeushavelearned.Thisiscalled"cumulativeculture".Wedon*thavetokeeprei

nventingthewheel.Thisiscalledthe''ratchet（棘

轮）effect".Likearatchetthatcanbeturnedforwardbutnotback,people'sculturaltechniquesevolve.

Itislikelythatbehaviorsweseetodayinchimpanzeeculturescouldbeinventedoverandoveragain

byindividualanimalsthemselves.Incontrast,

achildborntodaywouldnotbeabletoinventacomputerwithouttheknowledgeofmanypastgeneratio

ns.

8.

WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofthechimpanzeesintwoparksinParagraph2?___

A.Toprovethatculturedoesexistinanimals.

B.Tojustifytheuniquenessoftheresearchmethod.

C.Tocomparehowchimpanzeesbehaveindifferentparks.

D.Tostresstheimportanceofenvironmentinstudyingculture.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"innate"inParagraph3probablymean?___

A.Advanced.B.Inborn.C.Adaptive.D.Intelligent.

10.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?___

A.Cumulativecultureiswhatsetshumansapartfromanimals.

B.Culureinanimalsisasworthytobevaluedashumanculture.

C.Animalsdon'thavetheabilitytoinventbehaviorsinacommunity.

D.The"ratcheteffect"decidesifhumanscanbuildonpastexperiences.

D

WhenElinorLobelwas16,a"smart1'insulin（胰岛素）pumpwasattachedtoherbody.PoweredbyAI,

ittracksherglucoselevelsandadministerstherightdoseofinsulinattherighttimetokeepherhealthy.I

tisoneofthenewwaysthatdataandAIcanhelpimprovelives.

BooksthatcriticizethedarksideofdataareplentifuLTheygenerallysuggestthereismuchmoretof

earthanfeteinthealgorithmic（算法的）age.

Buttheintellectualtidemaybetuming.Oneofthemostpersuasivesupportersofamorebalancedvi

ewisElinorLobel'smother,Orly,

alawprofessor.InTheEqualityMachinesheacknowledgesAPscapacitytoproduceharmfulresults.But

sheshowshow,intherighthands,itcanalsobeusedtofightinequalityanddiscrimination.

Aprincipleofprivacyrulesis"minimization"：collectandkeepaslittleinformationaspossible,

especiallyinareassuchasraceandgender.MsLobelflipsthescript,showinghowinhiring,

payandthelegalsystem,knowingsuchcharacteristicsleadstofaireroutcomes.

MsLobefscalltousemore,notless,personalinformationchallengesdata-privacyorthodoxy（正

统观

念）.Butsheinsiststhat"trackingdifferencesiskeytodetectingunfairness."Sheadvocatesgloosening

ofprivacyrulestoprovidemoretransparency（透明）overalgorithmicdecisions.

Theproblemswithalgorithmicformulae（公

式）aretackledindepthinEscapefromModelLandbyEricaThompsonoftheSchoolofEconomics.T

hesestatisticalmodelsarethebackboneofbigdataandAL.Yetaperfectmodelwillalwaysbebeyondr

each."Allmodelsarewrong,"runsawisesaying."Someareuseful."

MsThompsonfocusesonachallengeshecallstheHawkmothEffect.InthebetterknownButterflyE

ffect,aserviceablemodel,Vinthepredictionofclimatechange,

becomeslessreliableovertimebecauseofthecomplexityofwhatitissimulating（模拟）,

orbecauseofinaccuraciesintheoriginaldata.IntheHawkmothEffect,bycontrast,

themodelitselfisflawed；itmightfailtotakefullaccountoftheinterplaybetweenhumidity,

windandtemperature.

Theauthorcallsondatageekstoimprovetheirsolutionstoreal-worldissues,

notmerelyrefinetheirformulae—inotherwords,

toescapefrommodelland.HWedonotneedtohavethebestpossibleanswer,

“shewrites,"onlyareasonableone.',

Boththesebooksexhibitahealthyrealismaboutdata,

algorithmsandtheirlimitations.Bothrecognizethatmakingprogressinvolvesacceptinglimitations,

whetherinlaworcoding.AsMsLobelputsit："It'salwaysbettertolightacandlethantocursethedark

ness."

11.MsLobelintendstoconveythat___.

A.minimisationisagoodprivacyruletogoby

B.algorithmsarecurrentlychallengedbydataprivacy

C.employingmorepersonaldatashouldbeencouraged

D.identifyingalgorithms1problemsleadstobetteroutcomes

12.WhatcanwelearnaboutHHawkmothEffect'1?___

A.ItdevelopsfromButterflyEffect.

B.Itemphasizesaccuracyoforiginaldata.

C.Itenjoyspopularityinclimateresearchfield.

D.Itismentionedtoshowthemodelcanbefaulty.

13.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriterprobablyagree?___

A.Usingalgorithmstodetectdifferencesishard.

B.Theapplicationofdataandalgorithmsislimited.

C.Thereliabilityofdatashouldbeattachedimportanceto.

D.Improvingalgorithmsinvolvesacceptingitsimperfection.

14.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?___

A.TheAlgorithm'sProspectB.TheAlgorithm'sMercy

C.TheAlgorithm'sComplexityD.TheAlgorithm'sRecognition

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)

Expressivewritingorjournalingisonewaytohelpyouhealfromtrauma(仓ij伤).

(1).Itcanhelpyouprocesswhatyou'vebeenthroughandassistyouasyouenvisionapathforw

ard.

Whydoesawritinginterventionwork?(2)___Infact,

narratingthestoryofanongoinganxiety"freesup"cognitiveresources.Whenyouwritedowntheemoti

onsassociatedwithatraumaticexperience,

youmaybechangingthewayitisorganizedinthebrain.Youarethenabletodetachfromtheemotion,

makingiteasierforyoutotalkaboutandprocesstheevent.

However,formostpeople,

thethoughtofacknowledgingemotionsandadmittingthatthere'ssomethingwrongwithusisdifficult.7

hisisbecauseexpressingemotionscanbringupfeelingsofguiltandshame.

(3)___Thatiswhatsetsjournalingapart.Thisisbetweenyouandyourjournal—youdon'thaveto

shareitwithanyoneunless,ofcourse,youchooseto.

Ifyou'reinterestedintryingoutwritingasatooltorhealing,

startyourwritingbysettingatimerfortenminutes.

(4)Thinkofoneobjectinyourhomethatsignifiesamomentforyou.Seeitinfullcolor.Feelthe

weightofit.Useallyoursenses.Now,writeaboutthatobjectandseehowlargeitsmeaningcanbecome.

(5)Howyouhealfromtraumacanbedifferentfrompersontopersonaswell.Italldependso

nwhatworksbestforyou.Remember,onesizedoesnotfitall.Writingmaynotworkfbreveryone,

butyouwon'tknowifyoudon*ttry.

A.Despitethat,expressivewritingremainsanaccessibletool.

B.Ofcourse,expressivewritingishardlyapanacea(灵丹妙药).

C.Also,seekinghelpforemotionalstressisoftenseenasasignofweakness.

D.Itmayseemabnormalthatwritingaboutnegativeexperienceshasapositiveeffect.

E.Onceyouhaveabetterhandleonyourproblems,

youcanmoveforwardandgetonwithlife.

F.Itiswritingfromyourheartandmindandabouttheemotionassociatedwithacertainev

ent.

G.Letyourmindgotothedetailed,

specificmomentstogettothefeelingsandtruthofyourexperience.

15.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共10小题，共15.0分)

Ithadbeenaninterestingsoccermatch.Jerrywassoabsorbedinitthateveryone

(1)hispassionforsports.Healsodevelopeda

(2)attitudetowardsacquiringsuchasocceruniform.Whateverhedesires,

heaskshisparentstopurchaseitinasplitofseconds.

"Mom,Iwantasocceruniform,hebeggedhismother.

"OK,"saidhismother,"butyouneedtohave(3)___

Thedayspassedby,buthegotno(4)___fromhisparents.Hisdreamseemedtocollapse.However,

Jerrynevergaveuphisidea.Hekeptthinkinghowtoachieveitasearlyaspossible.Asparklingideastru

ckhismind.Hecould(5)___oneofhisT-shirts,butwhatifhismothersawandscolded(责备)？

Thoughanxious,hefinallymadeuphismind.

HedrewacirclewiththehelpofabowlandmodifiedthesoccerimageontotheT-shirt.Healsotook

(6)___toavoidthespreadofcolorontotheothersideofit.ltwasaremarkablepieceofwork.

"Jerry!Whatareyoudoing?"hismothersuddenlyappeared.

"Imaynotgettheuniform,butIcantrytopainttheimageonmyT-shirt,

Ithought.0Hewas(7)___tofacehismother.Butoutofhisexpectation,

hismother(8)___himforhisworkignoringthemistake.ShedidnotmindtheT-shirtinthepresenc

eoftheideaofpainting.

nIt'sOK,MsaidMom.

"Ifwehadfulfilledyoureverywant,yourinborn

(9)wouldhavebeenhidden.Youwouldn'thavethoughtofotheralternativeingettingtheunifor

m.Thataddstoyour(10)___toachieveyourgoal,"shesaid.

'Thankyou,Morn.'*Heranplayfully.

20.A.controlledB.sensedC.supportedD.expected

21.A.thirstyB.realisticC.cautiousD.selfish

22.A.confidenceB.motivationC.inspirationD.patience

23.A.decisionB.responseC.judgmentD.recognition

24.A.purchaseB.exchangeC.paintD.sew

25.A.interestB.energyC.courageD.care

26.A.eagerB.surprisedC.afraidD.relieved

27.A.appreciatedB.blamedC.rewardedD.thanked

28.A.tasteB.fondnessC.talentD.fear

29.A.willpowerB.honestyC.responsibilityD.tolerance

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

30.

A

WangwasbornandgrewupinAmerica,butshe

(1)___(build)solidtieswithChineseculturesinceshewasalittlegirl.Sheisnowridinga

newtrend：mixingandmatchingmodemclotheswithtraditionalHandress,

orhanfu.Shehasbeenpostingvideosof(2)___(she)dressedinhanfuontheInternet,

whichhasattractedmanyfansonChineselifestyle/'Ilovehanfu.Fvemademanyvideos,

(3)(aim)tohelpmorepeoplelearnaboutit,”WangtoldBeijingReview.

B

Engineersinventedanewdevicetoproducesolarelectricityatnight.Solarpanelstransformsunli

ghtintoenergy,sothey(1)___(traditional)workonlyduringdaylighthours.Thisdevice,

however,(2)___(use)athermometricgenerator,

whichcreatesenergy.fromdifferencesintemperature.Inthiscase,

cooleveningairisaslightlydifferenttemperaturethanthesolarcellinthepanel.Thatbecomesener

gy(3)___istransformedintoelectricity.Thedevicecouldbehelpfulinareas

(4)(locate)farfromapowergrid(电网).

C

Astudyshowedhowmuchdogslovetheirowners.Intheexperiment,

theresearchersfirstmeasuredhowmanytears

(1)(produce)bydogswhentheywerejustspendingtimeathomewiththeirowners.T

heteamthenrepeatedtheexperiment)thistime/withdogsthatwerereunitedwiththeirowners

(2)beingapartforfivehours.Theresultsshoweddogsonlyshedtearsduringthereunions.

Theteamnowwantstofindout

(3)___dogshaveasimilaremotionalresponsewhenreunitedwithotherdogs.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

五、阅读表达(本大题共1小题，共10.0分)

31.Ifyou'vespentanytimeonsocialmediasites,you'veprobablynoticedit：parentssharenews,

photos,andotherinformationabouttheirchildren.Thisphenomenoniscalled"sharenting",

acombinationofthewords"sharing”and

"parenting”.

Muchoftheresearchonsharentingfocusesonwhyparentschoosetoshareonline.Studiesfoun

dthatforparentsofinfants(婴儿)，

sharentingcanhelpeasethesocialisolationthatcomeswiththisperiodintheirchildren'slives.Pare

ntsofteenagersalsoshareinformationabouttheirkidsonsocialmedia.Researchhasshowntheirm

otivationsincludecommunicatingtheirprideintheirchildren'saccomplishmentsandinformingfrie

ndsandfamilyabouttheirkids*lives.

However,whenparentspostabouttheirchildrenonsocialmediawithhighfrequency,

thephenomenonof"oversharenting"occurs,whichcanbeagreatcauseforconcern.Forexample,

ifparentssharetoomuchinformationthattheirchildrendon'twantdisclosed,

itmayleadthemtowithholdinformationabouttheirlivesfromtheirparentssotheycanbettercont

rolwhatcanandcan'tbepostedaboutthem.

Additionally,

thecutephotosorfunnyobservationsparentsshareonlineabouttheirchildrencouldbecomeaprob

lemwhentheirkidsgetolder.Inparticular,

collegesandemployersareincreasinglycheckingapplicants'onlineactivity,andasaresult,

informationpostedbyparentscouldbecomeasourceofembarrassmentoraffectapotentialcollege'

soremployer'sassessmentoftheirchild.

Sharinginformationhasneverbeenfasterthaninthedigitalage.Whileitcanbeveryconvenien

ttopostmilestonesoftheirchildren,

it'simportantforparentstoensurethey'resharentingresponsibly.Afterallit'snotjustapicture,

it'sthechildandtheirdigitalfootprint.

(1)Accordingtothepassage,whatissharenting?

(2)Whydoparentsofinfantschoosetoshareonline?

(3)Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.

Whenparentsoversharent,

theirchildrenmaymakeupinformationabouttheirlivestobettercontrolwhatcanandcan'tbepost

edaboutthem.

(4)Besideswhat*smentionedinthepassage,

whatelsecanyoudoifyourparentsoversharent?(Inabout40words)

六、书面表达(本大题共1小题，共20.0分)

32.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校即将举办“中医药文化”主题活动，你打算邀请交

换生Jim参加。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：

(1)介绍活动；

(2)邀请参加。

提示词：TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)中医药

注意：

(3)词数100左右;

(4)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

DearJim,

Yours,LiHua

答案和解析

1~4.【答案】C、C、A、D

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据表格中第三段"Atthebeginning,

Ihadnoexpectationofhowthephonecallswouldgo,

butit'swonderfulthatit*sledtoagenuinefriendship.Riannehelpsmealot•••',（起初，我没预料到电

话会打得怎么样，但它却给我带来了一段真正的友谊。Rianne帮助了我很多。）可知，文章提到

Sheila的经历是为了说明COA的志愿者帮助了她很多，故其目的在于强调COA的价值。

A.Toshowherloneliness来表现她的孤独；B.Toshareasweetmemory.分享甜蜜的回忆；

C.TostressthevalueofCOA强调COA的价值；D.TopraiseRianne'skindness.来赞美莉安的善良。

故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章Areyoureadytoaddalittlesunshinetoasenior'slife?部分

Withouthavingtoleavethehouse,

youwillhelptheseniorsmeetandmakenewfriends.Theywillthenexchangephonenumberstochaton

theirownandreducetheirisolation.（不用离开家，你就可以帮助老年人们见面，帮助他们交朋友。

他们然后可以交换电话号码，自己聊天，减轻孤独感。）可知，志愿者的职责之一就是给老年人

介绍新的朋友，从而减轻他们的孤独感，故选C。

（3）推理判断题。根据文章Whatarethevolunteerqualifications?部分中

VolunteersmusthaveaccesstotheInternetandbewillingtobetrainedontheuseofachatapp.（志愿

者必须可以使用网络，并且愿意接受关于聊天软件使用的培训。）可知，如果你想要当志愿者，

你需要学会聊天软件的使用，故选A。

（4）目的意图题。根据文章最后一段IfyouwishtovolunteerwithourSunshineCallprogram,

neverhesitate!JustCLICKHEREtofillouttheapplicationform.（如果你想要在我们的阳光电话项目

中当志愿者，那就不要犹豫！点击此处，填写申请表。）可推知，本篇文章的目的在于为招募志

愿者做广告。A.ToinformthereadersofCOA.告知COA的读者；

B.ToinviteseniorstosignupforCOA邀请高年级学生报名参加COA；

C.TointroducevolunteerworkinCOA.在COA介绍志愿者工作；

D.ToadvertisefornewvolunteersforCOA.为COA招聘新的志愿者。故选D。

本文为一篇应用文。介绍了COA建立的一个“阳光电话项目”的活动，结构的志愿者与60岁以上

的老年人电话连线，为他们减轻孤独感，并宣传招募志愿者。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在

十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺

序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对

文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。

其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息

进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，

研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖

掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer,imply,suggest,

indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，

掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因

果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

5~7.【答案】B、A、D

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段

ThiswasthefirstcommunicationthathadcomefromherauntinJessie'slifetime.（这是Jessie生命中

第一次与姑姑的联系。）以及文章第六段"Morethanforty,

"herfathersaid."Wedisagreed.Weinvariablydisagreed.（父亲说道："四十多年了。我们有分歧，

我们总是有分歧"。）可知，作者的父亲和姑姑已经四十多年没见面了，故他们的关系在年轻的时

候就破裂了，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章倒数第五段

Shewasexcitedatthethoughtofmeetingthismythicalauntwhomshehadsooftenheardabout.（一想

到能见到这个她经常听说的神奇的姑姑，她就激动不已。）可知，Jessie很渴望见到姑姑。

A.eagertomeetheraunt.渴望见到她的姑姑；B.cautiousaboutheraunt'sinvitation对她姑姑的邀

请持谨慎态度；C.angrywithherauntforignoringherfamily.生她姑姑的气，因为她无视她的家庭；

D.puzzledbyheraunt'ssuddeninterestinher对她姑姑突然对她感兴趣感到困惑。故选A。

(3)推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Hesighedagain,

andJessieknewthatforthehundredthtimehewasregrettinghisownpastweakness...(父亲再次叹气，

dJessie知道，父亲已经为自己过去的软弱后悔了几百次了……)可知，作者的父亲为之前的软弱

感到悔恨，因此父亲是为之前的所做的事情感动后悔，故选D。

本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的姑姑与父亲因为分歧，多年未见面。父亲收到了姑姑的来信，

父亲很悔恨，并打算将作者送到姑姑那里去接受好的教育。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在

十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺

序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对

文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。

其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息

进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率.

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，

研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖

掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer,imply,suggest,

indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，

掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因

果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

8~10.【答案】A、B、A

【解析】（1）推理判断题。第二段中Inafamousstudy,scientistslearnedthatchimpanzee（黑猩

猩）behaviorsweresociallypassedonastheywerepresentatsomesitesbutnotatothers,despitehaving

sameecologicalsettings.（在一项著名的研究中，科学家们发现，黑猩猩的行为在某些地方会被社

会传递，而在其他地方则不会，尽管它们的生态环境相同）提到，黑猩猩的行为在某些地方会被

社会传递，接着下文Forexample,chimpanzeesinTaiNationalParkinIvoryCoastarewell-knownfor

theirnut-crackingskills.ChimpanzeesinGombenationalpartinTanzania,ontheotherhand,donotcrack

nuts,althou