新标准大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案课文讲解翻译

HandoutsandKeytobook4unit1-4

Unit1

Activereading(1)

Lookingforajobafteruniversity?First,getoffthesofa

Backgroundinformation

Aboutthepassage:ThisisanarticlebyanEducationCorrespondent,AlexandraBlair,published

inSeptember2008inTheTimes,along-establishedBritishqualitynewspaper.InEurope

generally,andinBritaininparticular,foranumberofyearstherehasbeenarisingnumberof

studentswhogotouniversityandthereforemorenewgraduatesseekingemployment.However,

formanygraduatesfindingajobbecameharderin2008-2009becausetheeconomicdownturn一

thenarecession-meantthatmanyemployerswerereducingtheirworkforce.Aftertheirfinal

exams,somestudentsrestedinthesummerbeforelookingforjobsandthentheyfoundthatitwas

difficulttofindemploymentintheirfieldorattheleveltheywanted.Thearticleaddressesthe

problemsofsuchnewgraduateswhomightbestuckathomeandadvisestheirparentstobethere

fortheirchildren(ietobeavailableiftheirchildrenwanttotalkabouttheproblemoriftheyneed

help).Thearticlerecommendsfindingworkinabarorsupennarketratherthansitting

unemployedathomesincethisismorelikelytoleadtobetteremploymentlater.Thestyleis

partlyofareport,butalsoofahumorouscommentfbrlightentertainment(seeninthejokey

languageandproblem-solvingadvicetoparents).

Whyfindingajobin2008issodifficultforuniversitygraduates?

UniversitiesinEurope,particularlyinBritain,haveexpandedgreatlyinthelastfifteenyears(over

45%ofyoungadultsnowgoontohighereducation),sotherearemoregraduateslookingforjobs.

Thiscompetitivesituationbecamealotworsein2008onwardswiththecreditcrunchand

economicdepression,whichmeant

thattherewerefewerjobsavailableandariseinunemployment.Thusnewgraduateshavetobe

activetoseekajob,theyneedtofillinmanyapplicationformsandtrytogetjobinterviews:they

won'tfindemploymentbylyingonthesofaathome.

Culturepoints

Traditionally,intheBritishuniversitysystem,BAandBSchonoursdegreesare

awardedindifferentcategories:afirstclassdegree(writtenusingRomannumbersasI),asecond

(dividedintotwosubcategories,writtenasIliiandIlii,whicharecalled“atwoone”and"atwo

two"),athird(writtenIII)andapassdegree.Mostpeoplegetasecond.Therearealsoordinary

degreeswithmoregeneralcoursesofstudywithoutthesecategories.

Themainideahereisthatthereisasuccessionofdifferentgenerations

orcohortsofadultswhocomeintotheworkforceinNorthAmericawhicharegivendifferent

informalnamestocharacterizethem.First,“Babyboomers“werebominthegreatincrease(the

boom)ofbirthsafterWorldWarII(1946-1960),followedby''GenerationX"people(bom

1960-1980)whoweresaidtobringnewattitudesofbeingindependent,infbnnal,entrepreneurial,

andexpectedtogetskillsandhaveacareerbeforethem."GenerationY“orthe“Millenial

Generation^^(bom1980sand1990sandbecomingadultinthenewmillenium)arenowmakingup

anincreasingpercentageoftheworkforce;theyaresaidtobespoiltbydotingparents,tohave

structuredlives,tobeusedtoteamworkanddiversepeopleinamulticulturalsociety.Inthe

passage,thisgenerationisnowbecoming(morphinginto)GenerationGrunt,whichisanironic

namereferringtorepetitive,lowstatus,routineormindlesswork-thismaybetheonlywork

availabletosomegraduates,whomayhavetotakeveryordinaryjobstogetexperiencebefore

theyfindsomethingmoresuitable.ttGrunf,alsoreferstocoarsebehaviourorbadmannersandto

thedeepsoundthatismadebyapig;whenpeople“grunt”theyexpressdisgustbutdonot

communicatewithwords-thismaybehowtheparentsofnewgraduatesthinktheirchildren

communicatewiththem!

AreferstoaBritishtypeofsecondaryschoolwhichbecamepopularinthe1960s.

Beforethattherewereacademic“grammarschools“andmoregeneral"secondarymodem”

schoolsforthosewhodidnotpassthegrammarschoolentrancetests,butthecomprehensive

schoolsweredesignedforallstudentsinasocialphilosophyofbringingdiversestudentstogether

whethertheywereacademicornot.Thosestudentswhowenttoacomprehensiveschoolprobably

feltthathadtostudyparticularlyhard(Iworkedmybacksideoff)togettouniversity,comparedto

thosewhowenttogrammarschoolswhereallstudentswereacademic-comprehensivestudents

felttheyhadtostruggletogettouniversity.

Thisreferstoalargeyellowcostumethatsomeonewearswhichmakestheperson

looklikeagiantchicken.Beforehebecameafamousactor,BradPittoncedressedinsucha

costumewhenhehadajobadvertisingforarestaurantcalledElPolioLoco(TheCrazyChicken,

inSpanish)-thejobmeantthathehadtowalkaroundthestreetslikeachickentoattract

customerstocometotherestaurant.

Languagepoints

1Thosememoriesofforkingoutthousandsofpoundsayearsothathecouldeatwellandgo

totheoddparty,begantofade.Untilnow.(Para1)

Theparentspaidalotofmoneyfortheirson'suniversityfeesandlivingexpenses(sothathe

couldeatwell)andforoccasionalsocialevents-atgraduationthesememoriesofmoneywere

mostlyforgottenbecausetheparentswereproud.Butnowtheparentsarethinkingofmoneyagain

becausethesondoesn'thaveajobanddoesn'tseemtobeactivelyseekingone.

2ThisformerscionofGenerationYhasmorphedovernightintoamemberofGeneration

Grunt.(Para2)

ThedistinguishedsonofGenerationX(oftheparents,generationwhoworkedhard,gotjobs,and

hadgoodcareersandexpectedtheirsontodothesame)haschangedintoamemberofGeneration

Grunt-hedoesn'tseemtocommunicatemuch,liesaroundanddoesn'tgetajob(orcanonlydoa

lowstatusroutingjob).

3Ipassedtheexams,butattheinterviewstheyaccusedmeofbeingwtoodetached"and

talkinginlanguagethatwas'tootechnocratic^whichIdidn'tthinkpossible,butobviously

itis.(Para5)

Hepassedtheentranceexamsforagovernmentpost,buthewascriticizedintheselection

interviews:Theysaidhewasdetached(notpersonallyinvolved)andtootechnocratic(heusedthe

languageofatechnicalexpertorhighauthority).Asanewgraduateheprobablywantedtoshow

hisexpertiseinhislanguagesohecan'tunderstandthiscriticism.

4Fortherestitis9-to-5kfcchilling,'beforeheadingtothepub.(Para6)

Theotherswhodonothavearoutinelowstatusjob(likestackinggoodsonasupermarketshelf)

chilloutallday(theyspendtheirtimecasuallyrelaxing-theydon'tlookforwork)andgotopub

foradrinkintheevening.

5IwenttoacomprehensiveandIworkedmybacksideofftogotoagooduniversity...(Para

6)

Hewenttoaschoolforstudentsofallabilities(nottoaspecialschoolforacademicstudents)and

sohehadtoworkveryhardtoenteragooduniversity:Yourmeansyourbottom一the

partofyourbodythatyousiton-toisinformalanditmeansyouwork

veryhardindeed.

6...buthavingworkedfull-timesinceleavingschoolherself,sheandherhusbandfindit

trickytoadvisehimonhowtoproceed.(Para7)

Themotherhasalwayshadafull-timejob(presumablythefatherisalsoworkingfull-time),so

shedoesnothaverelevantpersonalexperience.Forher,itistrickytogiveadvice(difficulttodo).

7Carryonlifeasnormalanddon'tallowthemtoabuseyourbankaccountorsapyour

reserveofemotionalenergy.(Para11)

TheadvicefromGaelLindenfieldhereisthatparentsshouldliveasusual.Theyshouldneitherlet

theirchildrenspendtheparents9moneyunnecessarily,norlettheproblemtakeawayalltheir

energyandemotions.Saptheirmeansuseuptheirstoreofemotionalenergy.

8

Thentheparentsshouldgentlypushtheirchildrenfirmlysothattheygetbackintocontroloftheir

lives.

Readingandunderstanding

2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.

Teachingtips

GooverthecorrectanswerswithSsandaskthemtoexplainwhytheotheranswersarewrong

(Seebelow).

1Whyhasn'tJackGoodwingotajobyet?

(a)Hedoesn'thaveaverygooddegree.

(No,hehasa2:1whichisconsideredagooddegree.)

(b)Herefusestoapplyforjobswithlowsalaries.

(Hefeelsheshouldgetabetterjobafterstudyingatuniversity.)

(c)Itisn'teasytogetajobinthecurrentfinancialclimate.

(Thismaybetruebutthepassagedoesnotmentionthis.)

(d)Hepreferstostayathomeandhelphisfamily.

(No,hedoesn'tseemtobehelpinghisfamily:hewatchesTVandtalkstofriends.)

2Howdoeshespendatypicalday?

(a)Doingatemporaryjob.

(No,someofhisfriendsareworkingintemporaryjobsbuthedoesn'twanttodothis.)

(b)Watchingtelevision.

(HewatchesTValot.)

(c)Queuingupintheuniversitycareersservice.

(No,hewentthereoncebuthedidn'twanttoqueuesohewalkedaway.)

(d)Preparingforthenextjobinterview.

(No,hedoesn'tseemtobepreparingforinterviews.)

3Howdomostofhisfriendsspendtheday?

(a)Theydonothingalldayandgotothepubintheevening.

(Allexceptoneofthemdonothingexceptchill,thentheygotothepub.)

(b)Theydooutdooractivitiessuchassailing.

(No,noneofthemseemtodooutdooractivities;thereisnomentionofsailing.)

(c)Theyareforcedtoworkbytheirparents.

(No,onlyoneofthemhasbeenforcedouttostackshelvesbyhisparents;theothersseemtobe

likeJack.)

(d)Theydopart-timejobssuchasworkinginabar.

(No,thetextmentionsbarworkbutnoneofJack'sfriendsseemtodothiswork.)

4HowareJack'sparentshelpinghim?

(a)Bylookingforjobsforhim.

(No,Jackhastriedtogetajobhimself;there'snothinghereabouthisparentshelpinghimlookfor

ajob.)

(b)BypayingforatriptoSouthAmerica.

(No,althoughheisgoingonathree-weektriptoSouthAmerica,thepassagedoesnotsaythat

Jack'sparentshavepaidforthis.)

(c)Bygraduallymakinghimmorefmanciallyaware.

(Thepassagedocsnotsaysoexplicitly,butthisistheimplicationaboutthecut-offpointafterthe

tripwhenhemaybeexpectedtopayrentandcontributetothehouseholdbills.)

(d)Bythreateningtothrowhimoutofthehouse.

(No,theyhaven'tthreatenedtodothis,buttheydefinitelywanthimtoworkafterhegetsback

from

histrip.)

5WhatdoesGaelLindcnfieldsayaboutJack'sparents?

(a)TheyhavenotreallyunderstoodJack'sproblems.

(No,shedoesn'tsaythis;shesaystheymustbalancebeingpositivewithnotmakinglifetoo

comfortable.Thisdoesn'tmeantheyhaven'tunderstoodJack'sproblems.)

(b)TheyhavemadelifetoocomfortableforJack.

(No,shesaystheymustbalancecomfortwithbeingpositive.Thisdoesn'tnecessarilymeanthat

theyhavealreadymadelifetoocomfortableforJack.)

(c)Theapproachtheyhavechosenistherightone.

(Shesaystheyhavestruckexactlytherightnote.)

(d)Theyneedhelpfromapsychologist.

(No,shedoesn'tsaythis.)

6WhatdoWhoopiGoldberg,BruceWillisandBradPitthaveincommon?

(a)Theyalldidbarworkbeforegoingtouniversity.

(No,wedon'tknowfromthepassageifanyofthemdidthis.)

(b)Theytookpartinprotestsagainstnuclearpowerplants.

(No,wedon'tknowisanyofthemdidthis)

(c)Theylearnttoactbydressingupasgiantchickens.

(No,onlyBradPittdidthis.)

(d)Theyalldidtemporaryjobsatonestageintheirlives.

(Thisisright,althoughtheyallhadcompletelydifferenttemporaryjobs.)

Dealingwithunfamiliarwords

3Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.

1tomakeprogressbymovingtothenextstageinaseriesofactionsorevents(proceed)

2theprocessofchangingfromonesituation,formorstatetoanother(transition)

3notfeelinginvolvedwithsomeoneorsomethinginacloseoremotionalway(detached)

4referringtosomethingwhichwillhappensoon(upcoming)

5tobesittingstillinapositionthatisnotupright(slump)

6toreturntoapreviousstateorwayofbehaving(revert)

7tosaywhathappened(recount)

4CompletetheparagraphwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity3.

Itisn'teasytomakethe(1)transitionfromabusyuniversitystudenttoanunemployedyoung

adult(2)slumpedonabarstoolorhalfwatchingamindlesstelevisionshow,wonderingifand

howtheircareerisgoingto(3)proceed.Manypeoplewhohaveexperiencedalongperiodof

inactivitylikethis,when(4)recountinghowtheyfeltatthetime,refertothesamestrange

psychologicaleffect.Asthedayspass,theybegintofeel(5)detachedfromanysenseofpressure

togoandlookforajob,andtendtoregard(6)upcominginterviewsasiftheywerenotvery

important.Typically,backathomeafterthreeorfouryearsaway,they(7)reverttooldhabits,

startseeingoldfriends,and,inmanycases,becomedependentagainontheirparents.

5Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneed

tomakeotherchanges.

1Iwenttoamixed-abilitysecondaryschooljustoutsideLondon.(comprehensive)

21gotstoppedbyapolicemanwhoaskedtoseemydrivinglicence,(cop)

3HaveyouseenthisbeautifulfromtheairviewofOxford?(aerial)

4Isabeltightlyherbagasshewalkeddownthecorridortowardstheoffice,(clutched)

5YoushouldspeaktoToby;he'sansupporterofflexibleworkinghours,(advocate)

6Ihurtmylegbadlyacoupleofmonthsago,anditstillhasn'tgotbettercompletely,(healed)

6Answerthequestionsaboutthewords.

1Isadead-endjobonewith(a)excitingprospects,or(b)nofiiture?

2Isatrickyproblem(a)difficult,or(b)easytosolve?

3Ifanactivitysapsallyourenergy,doyoufeel(a)tired,or(b)moreactivethanusual?

4Doesapushypersontryto(a)persuadeyoutodosomethingyoudon'twantto,or(b)helpyou

bylisteningtowhatyouhavetosay?

5Ifyoufeelapathy,doyouwantto(a)changetheworld,or(b)stayathomeanddonothing?

7Answerthequestionsaboutthephrases.

1Isforkout(a)aformal,or(b)aninformalwayofsayingtopayforsomething?

2Ifyouareinthesameboatasanotherperson,areyou(a)makingthesamejourneytogether,or

(b)inthesamedifficultorunpleasantsituation?

3Ifyoufeelyouhavecomefullcircle,doyou(a)feelyouarebackwhereyoustarted,or(b)feela

senseofsatisfactionbecauseyouhavecompletedsomething?

4Ifsomeonetakesasoftline,dotheydealwithaperson(a)inakindandsympatheticway,or(b)

inalazywaywithoutmakingadecision?

5Ifyoustriketherightnoteaboutsomething,areyouexpressingyourself(a)well,or(b)badly?

6Ifyoudosomethingbyallmeans,doyou(a)tryyourbesttodoit,or(b)notcareaboutit?

7Ifyounudgesomeonebackintothesaddle,areyouencouragingthemto(a)takeresponsibility

again,or(b)takeiteasy?

8Ifyoutalkthroughaproblemwithsomeone,doyou(a)examineitcarefullyandsensitively,or

(b)refertoitquicklyandthenchangethesubject?

Readingandinterpreting

8Answerthequestions.

1"Willheevergetajob?”Whoisaskingthisquestion?Whatmooddoesitexpress?

Theparentsareaskingthisbecausetheparagraphisaddressedtoparents(earlieritsays”your

graduateson^^).Themoodseemstoexpresspatienceorresignationbecausetheword"ever”

suggeststhatgettingajobwilltakealongtime.

2WhodescribesGenerationYas“rebelswithoutacause"？Isitafairdescription?

Thisisthewriter'sdescriptiontoindicatethatthisgenerationisrebellingagainstparentsor

society,buttheyhavenothingparticulartorebelagainst.Thisdoesn'tseemveryfairbecausethe

studentsarctryingtofindwork-itisjustthattheydon9tliketheirparentsnaggingthem.Sothey

areabitrebelliousagainsttheirparents,butnomorethanthat.

3Jack"walkedintotheuniversitycareersserviceandstraightbackoutagain".Whatdoesthis

suggestaboutJack'scharacter?

ItsuggeststhatJackisnotverydetermined.Assoonashesawthequeueheleftwithoutwaiting

andwithouttryingtoaskaboutjobsorcareers.

4Jackspentthesummer€thiding^^.Hidingfromwhat?Whyarequotationmarksused?

Probablythismeanshewashidingfromtheworldofwork,stayingathomeandnotlookingfora

job.Thequotationmarkstellusthathewasn?tliterallyhiding,hejustspentalotoftimeathome.

5HowisMrsGoodwin'spointofviewaffectedbyherownpersonalexperience?

Inonewayherexperiencehasn'taffectedherattitude:Sheleftschoolandwentimmediatelytoa

job(withoutgoingtouniversity)andhasbeenworkingfull-timesincethenandyetsheis

sympatheticandtakesasoftline.

6HowisLindenfield'spointofviewaffectedbyherownpersonalexperience?

Herpersonalexperiencewasthatsheworkedinabarbeforefindingherfirstproperjobasan

aerialphotographicassistant.Soshesayssuchworkisagreatnetworkingopportunity.Ifnew

graduatesaregoodatsuchworkandbright,cheerfulandpolite,theywillsoonbepromoted.Her

personalexperiencethusreflects-orperhapshascreated-herpointofview.

7Whatwouldthefirsttwoparagraphshavefocusedoniftheyhadbeenpresentedfromthepoint

ofviewofthestudentsratherthantheparents?

Thefirsttwoparagraphswouldhavefocusedontheneedfbrthenewgraduatestorestfbrabit

aftertheirhardstudies.ItisOKfbrstudentstorelaxwiththeTVortosocializewithfriendsfbra

while,thentheycanstartaserioussearchfbremploymentafterthat.

Activereading(2)

Ifyouaskme

Backgroundinformation

Thisisaninformalandpersonalizedaccountofaneconomicsgraduatewhogetsajobinapubfbr

ayearandthenhasanopportunitytobesuccessful(aluckybreak).SheworksinaLondonpub

called“TheSalisbury^^or“TheMarquisSalisbury”,namedaftersomeonewhowastheBritish

PrimeMinisterthreetimesbetween1885and1902andwhosefamilyonceownedthepub'sland.

The100yearoldpubisinLeadenhallStreet,justofftheCharingCrossRoadandLeicester

Square.Daytimecustomerscangetapublunchandevening

customersincludemanyofficeworkersandtheatregoers(thepubisnearmanyWestEnd

theatres).Theinteriorofthispubisdazzling,withlargemirrors,cutglassandamahoganydecor.

Britishpubsareoftennamedafterfamouspeople(RobinHood,TheDukeofWellington)or

royalty(TheQueen'sArms,thePrinceofWales)orhistoricalsymbols(TheRoseandCrownto

representKingEdwardIII,TheRoyalOaktorepresentKingCharlesIIwhooncehidinalarge

oaktree).Othernamesoftenincludecoloursandanimals{TheRedBull,TheBlackHorse,The

GoldenLion,TheSwan)orsymbolsoftraditionaltrades(TheCompassesfbrcarpenters,The

ThreeHammersforblacksmiths,TheThreeTunsforwinemakers).

Asthepubisasocialplacetomeetaswellasaplacetogetadrink,peopleoftenplaygameslike

dominoesordartsorjoinaquizorcompetition.Acommonexpressionisto"godownthepub”or

“goroundtothelocal"(bothmeaningtogotothelocalpub).

Culturepoints

pubinLondon:Apubisaplacewherepeoplegofbradrinkandtomeetfriendsandsocialize.

Peoplecanplaygames-suchasdarts,cards,dominoes-inapubandpubsoftenhavequiznights,

withprizesfbrthewinners,andlivemusic(SeealsoBackgroundinformation)

TheSalisburyisawell-knownpubincentralLondon(SeealsoBackgroundinformation)

LondonSchoolofEconomicsisadistinguisheduniversityincentralLondon,famousfbrsocial

sciences.

Languagepoints

1Ifyouaskme,reallifeisnotallit'scrackeduptobe.(Para1)

Inmyopinion(introducesanopinion),reallifeisnoteverythingthatpeoplesayitis.

Ifathing,peoplenormallypraiseitbutintheopinionofthespeakertheyare

wrong.

2...spendingmoneywhenyoudon'thaveanyisdeadeasy.(Para7)

heremeansvery.Forexample,wecansay(exhausted),(acomplete

lossoruseless),adeadweight(veryheavy,difficulttolift).

3Whatweretheoddsonanyonebeingsonice?(Para11)

Whatarethechancesthatsomeonewouldbesonice?Thewriterisemphasizingherethatsuch

kindnessisveryunusual.

4...lookingbackafteralltheseyears,youonlyneedoneortwobreaksinyourlifeto

succeed.(Para13)

Aheremeansachancetobesuccessful.Aisanunexpectedopportunity.

Readingandunderstanding

2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.

1Whatdidthewriterwanttodoafterfinishingherdegree?

(a)TodoanMAattheLondonSchoolofEconomics.

(b)Toearnsomemoneytopayoffherloan.

(c)Tostartworkingassoonaspossible.

(d)Toreturnhomeandhelphermother.

2WhydidsheaskforajobinTheSalisbury?

(a)Shewashungryandthirsty.

(b)Shethoughtitwouldleadtobetterthings.

(c)Shewasafriendofthelandlord.

(d)Shehadtheideawhenshesawthelandlordworking.

3Whatdidshebuywithherfirstsalary?

(a)Abunchofflowers.

(b)ACDandaplantfortheflatshelivedin.

(c)Ahamsandwichandaglassofbeer.

(d)Shedidn'thaveanymoneyleftafterpayingthebills.

4WhydidTonygiveher£20,000?

(a)Hefoundoutitwasherbirthdayandwantedtohelp.

(b)Hetrustedherandthoughtitwouldhelpher.

(c)Hewantedhertoleavethepubandworkfbrhim.

(d)Hewassecretlyinlovewithher.

5Whatdidshedowiththemoney?

(a)SheusedittopayforhercourseattheLSE.

(b)Shelostalotofitinthe2008stockmarketcrash.

(c)SheinvesteditandpaidbackTonyandotherinvestors.

(d)Sheusedittostartherownbusiness.

6WhywasTonypleasedwhensherepaidtheloan?

(a)Hehadhadanaccidentandneededthemoneyforawheelchair.

(b)Itmeantthathewouldbeabletoseeheragain.

(c)Itprovedthathehadbeenrighttoinvestinher.

(d)Shepaidbacktheloanwithalotofinterest.

3Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.

Whatdoweknowaboutthewriter's:

1familybackground?

Hermotherhadworkedhardfor15yearstosupporthereducationbutcouldn'taffordanyfurther

support.Herfatherwasn'taroundmostofthetime.Hedidn'thaveanymoneybecausehespentit

ongamblingondogracingordrinkinginpubs.

2careerasastudent?

ShehadagooddegreeineconomicsandwantedtostudyfbramasterscourseattheLondon

SchoolofEconomics.

3ambition?

ShewantedtogetajobinfinanceorinvestmentsinLondonbecausethenshewouldbeabletouse

herdegree.

4appreciationofotherpeople?

SheappreciatedMike'sfriendlinesswithcustomersandhisskill,andsheappreciatedTonyasa

niceperson;latersheappreciatedthetrustofTonyandhisfriends

5lovelife?

Wedon'tknowmuchaboutthis,exceptthatshedoesn'tlikeboystohassleher.Shethinksthey

areimmature.

6financialexpertise?

Itmustbequitegood:Sheinvestedthe£20,000andmadeenoughprofittopaythemoneyback

withinterestandsetupherowncompany.

7senseofresponsibility?

Shehasastrongsenseofresponsibilitybecauseshepaidbackthemoneytotheinvestorsandpaid

themanannualinterestfbrtheloan.

8philosophyoflife?

Shebelievesthatyoushouldworkhard;youmayneedoneortwobreakstosucceedbutyou

shouldknowhowtousethebreaks.Youshouldbehonestandresponsiblewithpeoplewhotrust

you.

Dealingwithunfamiliarwords

4Matchthewordsintheboxwiththeirdefinitions.

1funnyorentertaining(amusing)

2usedforemphasizingthatsomethinggoodhashappened,especiallybecauseofgoodluck

(fortunately)

3anamountofmoneythataperson,businessorcountryborrows,usuallyfromabank(loan)

4totakeanamountornumberfromatotal(deduct)

5themostexciting,impressive,orinterestingpartofanevent(highlight)

6toshowthatyouunderstandsomeone'sproblems(sympathize)

7needingalotoftime,ability,andenergy(demanding)

5CompletetheconversationwiththecorrectformofthewordsinActivity4.

Teachingtips

WhenSshavecompletedtheblankswiththecorrectformoftheappropriatewords,askthemto

practicereadingthedialogue,tryingtomaketheirreadingsoundasconversationalaspossible.

Chooseapairtoperformtheirreadingtotheclass.Theclasslistensandgivestheperformingpair

aratingonascaleof1-10fbrfluencyandnaturalness.

AAfterthreeyearsatuniversity,I'mnowquiteheavilyindebt.

BI(1)sympathizewithyou,Iknowwhatit'sliketohavefinancialproblems.But(2)fortunatelyI

didn'tneedtotakeoutastudent(3)loanwhenIwasatuniversity,becauseIhadapart-timejob.

AWhatdidyoudo?

BIworkedinarestaurantatweekends.

AThatmusthavebeenvery(4)demanding.

BYes,itwas.Ihadtogettherightbalancebetweenworkandstudy.Buttheotherpeoplewho

workedthereweregoodfuntobewith,soitwasquite(5)amusingtoo.The(6)highlightofthe

weekendwasalwaysSaturdaynightwhenweworkedovertime.

AButIdon'texpectyoumadealotofmoney?

BNo,therewasn'tmuchafterthey'd(7)deductedtaxandpensioncontributions.Butitwas

enoughtokeepmegoing.

6Replacetheunderlinedwordswiththecorrectformofthewordsinthebox.Youmayneed

tomakeotherchanges.

1WhenIwasatcollegeIkeptallmypersonalthingsinanoldcupboard.

2Alotofpeoplewholeaveuniversitybeforegettingadegreeendupingoodjobs.

3Ithinkshe'llgetagooddegree,butIwouldn'triskmymoneyontheexactresult.

4ThemoneyIspentatcollegewasmorethanwhatIearnedinmypart-timejob.

5Thechancesofmybeingofferedajobafterthatinterviewmustbequiteremote.

6Ourbusinesshasdoneverywellsincewechangedouradvertising.

7Ithinktellingthetruthandnotcheatingisalwaysthebestpolicy.

(1)belongings(2)dropouts(3)gamble(4)exceeded(5)odds

(6)hasthrived(7)honesty

7Answerthequestionsaboutthewordsandexpressions.

1Ifsomethingisnotallit'scrackeduptobe,isit(a)validandinteresting,or(b)justalittlebit

disappointing?

2Ifsomeonekeepsbangingonaboutsomething,areyoulikelytobe(a)interestedin,or(b)bored

bywhattheysay?

3Ifthereisalotofhassleinyourlife,areyoulikelytofeel(a)stressed,or(b)relaxed?

4Ifsomethinghappensoutoftheblue,isit(a)unexpected,or(b)partofyourplan?

5Ifyousayyouendedupinaparticularjob,doyousuggestthat(a)youhavefulfilledyour

ambition,or(b)ithappenedalmostbychan