论文摘要写作概述

论文摘要写作概述第一页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五1（一）基本理论知识本课程主要讲解科技论文英译的理论知识，包括英汉句子层面的语言对比，语序的对比，和长难句的处理。掌握科技英语的语言特点、构词规律、和句法特点。介绍翻译的基本技巧，直译、意译、音译、综合译法。（二）基本技能通过本课程的学习和实践，提高学生的语言应用能力，提高语言表达的可读性和准确性，促进学术交流活动，为学生继续深造和从事科学研究奠定良好基础。（三）基本素质提高英汉两种语言的应用水平、交互翻译能力、及两种语言的书面表达能力，促进学术交流，使学术成果共享，更好地服务于人类的健康和社会进步。一、课程目标第二页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五2教学内容学时学分备注第一章英文摘要的概述2W1第二章医学英语词汇的构成

6W3第三章英文摘要的文体

4W2第四章论文标题的翻译4W2二、课程学时分配第三页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五3教学内容学时学分备注第五章研究论文摘要翻译4W2第六章文献综述论文摘要翻译4W2第七章病例报告论文摘要翻译2W1第八章摘要翻译的常见错误4W2课程考查

2

w1合计322W16课程学时分配第四页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五4Lecture1:IntroductionofresearchpaperwritingsinEnglish:FormatandLanguage

Thecontinuingexpansionofbiomedicalliteratureisoverwhelming.AnanalysisoftheMEDLINEdatabasefoundanaverageannualincreaseof2.8%inthenumberofpublicationslistedeachyear.Bytheyearof2009,thetotalnumberofjournalsindexedbySCIreached7347,amongthosethereare139journalsofChina.Domestically,morethan1000biomedicaljournalsarepublishedinChinese.Manypeopleaskaboutthe“tricksofthetrade”__howtoimproveanarticletoincreaseitschancesforacceptanceinanwell-knownEnglishlanguagejournal.第五页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五5语言、期刊数量语言、所占比列语言、所占比例英语6313（85.9%）一刊多语种688（9.4%）德语84（1.1%）法语61（0.8%）西班牙语53（0.7%）葡萄牙语28（0.4%）波兰语18（0.2%）汉语16（0.2%）荷兰语16（0.2%）土耳其语14（0.2%）意大利语11（0.1%）日语11（0.1%）俄语8（0.1%）韩语7（0.1%）罗马尼亚语5（0.1%）克罗埃西亚4（0.1%）塞尔维亚3（0.0%）立陶宛2思罗维尼亚2捷克语1丹麦语1乌克兰语12009年7347种SCI期刊的出版语种分布其中中国期刊收录被收录的有139种，包括台湾25种生物医学期刊排序第六页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五6

RankofJournals

ImpactFactors

up/down1.CA:ACancerJournalforClinicians癌74.575↑2.NewEnglandJournalofMedicine新英格兰医学杂志50.017↓3.AnnualReviewofImmunology

/免疫学年评41.059

↓4.NatureReviews:MolecularCellBiology

自然评论：分子细胞生物学35.423↑5.PhysiologicalReviews

生理学评论35

↑最新医学期刊影响因子排序（Top12,2009）第七页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五76.JAMA美国医学会志31.718↑7.Nature自然31.434↑8.Cell细胞31.253↑9.NatureReviews:Cancer

自然评论：癌症30.762↑10.NatureGenetics

自然遗传学30.259↑11.AnnualReviewofBiochemistry生物化学年评30.016↓12.

NatureReviewsImmunology免疫学30.006

↑第八页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五8BasicelementstogetyourpaperpublishedinEnglisha.Subjectmatter--creative,original,curious,influentialb.language–explicit,precise,freefromspellingorgrammaticalerrors,rightuseofpunctuationsc.format–conformedtotheinstructionsforauthors第九页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五9ThreefundamentalmedicalTexttypesCasereportarticlesReviewarticlesResearcharticlesVariationsamongthem第十页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五10Sciencewritingsaredifferentfromfiction,argumentation,prose,orpoeticwritings,orCETcompositions.Aresearchpaperisanutteranceofnarrationorexposition.Ithasaspecificformat,buttheformatisnotexactlythesame.Thereexistvariationsindifferentjournals.InU.S.,U.K.,Australia,Canadianjournals,theformatismorecomplexthanthatinChinesebiomedicalJournals,thelatteradoptedIMRADformatortraditionalabstract,asummary.第十一页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五11英文摘要的类别与组成要素传统式

Summary:covertstructureofIMRAD结构式IMRADFormat:Objective(s):Method(s):Result(s):Conclusion(s)8-headingFormat:Objective:Design:Setting:Patients:Interventions:Mainoutcomemeasurement:Results:ConclusionBackground/Context:purpose:DataSource:StudySelectionDataExtraction:DataSynthesisConclusionsBackground/Purposes:CaseReport:ConclusionresearchreviewCasestudy第十二页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五12

Fourbasicresearchtypesa.Clinicalresearchb.Basic/observationalresearchc.Epidemiological/cohort-basedresearchd.Operative/surgicalresearchOfcourseyouwanttochooseakeyjournalforyourpapertogethigherimpactfactor.第十三页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五13Top30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors

No.journal

formatNewEnglandJournalofMedicineIMRADJournalofAmericanMedicalAssociation8-headingTheLancet---U.K.IMRADAnnualReviewofMedicinenoAnnalsofInternalMedicine8-headingArchivesofInternalMedicineIMRADAmericanJournalofMedicineIMRAD第十四页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五14Top30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors8.BritishMedicalJournal8-heading9.Medicine(Baltimore)nospecific10.Amyloidnospecific11.

ProceedingsoftheAssociationofAmericanPhysicians---no12.JournalofFamilyPractice

8-heading13.AnnalsofMedicine

IMRAD14.JournalofGeneralInternalMedicine

8-heading15.CanadianMedicalAssociationJournal

IMRAD16.JournalofInternalMedicine

8-heading第十五页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五1517.ArchivesofFamilyMedicinenospecific18.JournalofInvestigativeMedicineIMRAD19.MonthlyJournaloftheAssociationofPhysicians

IMRAD20.MayoClinicProceedingsIMRAD21.AmericanJournalPreventiveMedicineIMRAD#22.EuropeanJournalofClinicalInvestigationIMRAD

23.PalliativeMedicineno.

24.ThejournalofLaboratoryandClinicalMedicine–noTop30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors第十六页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五16Top30journalsaccordingtotherankofimpactfactors25.TheMedicalJournalofAustralia8-heading26.BritishMedicalBulletinno27.JournalofPainandsymptomManagementno28.BritishJournalofGeneralPractice8-heading29.PreventiveMedicineIMRAD30.AmericanJournalofMedicalScienceIMRAD第十七页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五17TheFour-headingformatandthe8-headingformatofthestructuredabstractsIMRADformat

Eight-headingformat1.Introduction1.Objective:Questionaddressed2.Design:thebasicdesignofthestudy3.Setting:thelocationandlevelofclinicalcare2.Methods4.Patients:whoenteredthestudy5.Intervention:exacttreatmentor6.Mainoutcomemeasurement:

第十八页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五183.Results

7.Results:thekeyfindings4.Discussion

8.Concluson:keyconclusions_____________________________________________________________________AbstractAnabstractofyourscientificpaperisdifferentfromtheabstractsentforacongresspresentation.Whatevertheformat,besurethatthewholemessageofyourworkcomesacrossintheabstract,becausethispartofthepaperismostlikelytoberead.ComputerdatabasesuchasPubMed(美国国家医学图书馆),Medline(医学文献数据库)publishonlyabstracts.第十九页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五19Youshouldanswerthesequestionsinyourabstract:

Whydidyoustudy?(Introduction)Whatdidyoudo?(Methods)Whatanswersdidyouget?(Results)Whatdoesitmean?(Discussion)第二十页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五20So,vagueorincompleteabstractswillbeoverlookedbytheotherinvestigators.Componentsofanabstract(8-headingformat)Objective:Thispartshouldgiveonesentence,aprecisestatementofwhythestudywasdone,usuallyainfinitiveclause“Toinvestigatetheefficacyof…”.

Design:Typeofthestudy,e.g.doubleblindtrial,experimentalanalysis,prospective/retrospectivestudyshouldbenoted.第二十一页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五21Setting:Tooutlinetheconditionsofthesettingismoreimportantforclinicalresearchpapers,sothatthereaderscanassesstheapplicabilityofthestudytotheirowncircumstances.Thisparagraphshouldstatewhetherthesettingwasacommunity,auniversitydepartment,etc.

Subjectsormaterial:Thetotalnumberofpatients,subjectsoranimalsselected,whichgivesthereaderanideaofgeneralizabilityoftheresults.第二十二页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五22Interventions:Adescriptionofanyintervention,e.g.thedosageanddurationofdrugregimen.MainoutcomeMeasures:Methodsbywhichpatientswereassessedorthesuccessjudgedshouldbementioned.Results:Themainresultsshouldbegiven,togetherwithanoteofexclusionandwithdrawals.Confidenceintervalsandlevelofsignificanceshouldbeindicated.第二十三页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五23Conclusions:Onlythoseconclusionssupportedbythedatathatarepresentedshouldbestated,followedbyashortstatementonthepossibleclinicalapplicationsofthework,bearinginmindthelimitationsofthestudy.第二十四页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五24

PracticePointsPreparingthefirstdraft---Choosealeaderwriter---chooseaworkingtitle“Agoodtitlesellsthepaper”---followthejournal’s“instructorforauthors”---completethefirstdraftinonesetting第二十五页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五25Gettingthemassageacross

---emphasizeinformationbyplacingitattheendofthesentenceorclause---donotprovidelengthyinformationbetweensubjectandverb---providethereaderwithcontextandperspectivebyappropriateuseoftopicposition---movethereaderonbyverbsthathaveasenseofaction第二十六页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五26Context:Endogenoushormones（内源性激素）areaprimarycauseofbreastcancer.Adiposity(肥胖)affectscirculatinghormones,particularlyinbreastcancer.

Objective:Toassesstheassociationsofadultweightchangesinceage18yearsandsincemenopausewiththeriskofbreastcanceramongpostmenopausalwomen.

e.g.AdultweightchangeandriskofpostmenopausalbreastcancerfromJAMA第二十七页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五27Design,Setting,andParticipants:ProspectivecohortstudywithintheNurses’HealthStudy.Atotalof87143postmenopausalwomen,aged30to55yearsandfreeofcancer,werefollowedupforupto26years(1976-2002)toassessweightchangesince18years.Weightchangesincemenopausewasassessedamong49514womenwhowerefollowedupforupto24years.第二十八页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五28MainOutcomeMeasure:Incidenceofinvasivebreastcancer.Results:Overall,4393casesofinvasivebreastcancerweredocumented.Comparedwiththosewhomaintainedweight,womenwhogained25.0kgormoresinceage18yearswereatanincreasedriskofbreastcancer(relativerisk[RR],1.45;95%confidenceinterval[CI],1.27-1.66;p<.001fortrend),withastrongerassociationamongwomenwhohavenevertakenpostmenopausalhormones(RR,1.98;95%CI,1.55-2.53).第二十九页，共三十三页，编辑于2023年，星期五29Comparedwithweightmaintenance,womenwhogained10.0kgormoresincemenopausewereatanincreasedriskofbreastcanc