安乐死教学讲解课件

Euthanasia

——安乐死1234WhatisEuthanasiaEuthanasiaindifferentcountriesTypeofEuthanasiaDebateofEuthanasiaⅠ.WhatisEuthanasiaEuthanasiaistheterminationofaverysickperson'slifeinordertorelievethemoftheirsuffering.Apersonwhochooseseuthanasiausuallyhasa

bad

condition.Butthereareotherinstanceswheresomepeoplewanttheirlifetobeended.Inmanycases,itiscarriedoutattheperson'srequestbuttherearetimeswhentheymaybetooillandthedecisionismadebyrelatives,medics（医护人员）or

thecourts.ThetermisderivedfromtheGreekwordeuthanatos

whichmeanseasydeath.Ⅱ.Euthanasia

indifferentcountriesThecountryordistrictwhopermitsit

Netherlands(荷兰)Belgium(比利时)

Switzerland(瑞士)

Columbia(哥伦比亚)

Japan(日本)

America(美国)Taiwan

TheNetherlandsistheonlycountryinEuropewhichpermitseuthanasia,althoughitisnottechnicallylegalthere.However,doctorswhocarryouteuthanasiaunderstrictguidelinesintroducedbytheDutchParliamentareusuallynotprosecuted(起诉).Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesuffering,thatthereisnochanceofacure,andthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.Inadditiontothis,aseconddoctormustconfirmthatthesecriteria(条件)havebeenmetandthedeathmustbereportedtothepolicedepartment.InNetherlandsInChina

Becauseeuthanasiaiscomplicated,itreferstomorals,ethics,law,medicineandsoon.TheeuthanasiahasnotbeenlegislatedyetinChineseMainland,butTaiwanhas.

Recentyears,alloverthecountrymadevariouspollsabouteuthanasia.Accordingtostatistics,inBeijing,Shanghai,Heilongjiang,morethan80%oftherespondentsareinfavorofeuthanasia.Andinsomeothercountries,theconsequenceevenachieve90%.Thelegalizationofeuthanasia,itisthecommonaspiration(渴望)ofthepeople,isinfavorwiththepublic.

ThecaseinChina

1986InchinaFirsteuthanasiacaseWangMingchengEuthanizehismother

Ⅲ.TypeofEuthanasia(1)Thefirstkindofclassification

Accordingtotheapplicablespecificobject,euthanasiacanbedividedintospecialeuthanasiaandgeneralizedeuthanasia.Specialeuthanasia:itistopointto,toforkingandinextremepainpatients,ledtotherapiddeathwithoutpainaway.Generalizedeuthanasia:

besidesspecialeuthanasiacontent,itstillincludesmake

somebornasheavyresidual,dementiainfant,somesocialseverepsychotic,disabledpeopleandsomeinirreversiblestateofthe"vegetable",deathwithnopain根据安乐死可以适用的具体对象，可以将安乐死分为狭义安乐死和广义安乐死。狭义安乐死，是指对于身患绝症、处于极度痛苦之中的患者，促使其无痛苦迅速死亡的一种方式。广义安乐死，除包括狭义安乐死的内容外，还包括对于一些出生时即为重残、痴呆的婴幼儿、社会上的一些重度精神病患者、重度残疾人以及处于不可逆昏迷中的“植物人”，促使其在无痛苦感受中死亡。(2)Thesecondkindofclassification

Voluntaryeuthanasia:itistopointtopatientswhorequireorhavedesire,oragreetotaketheeuthanasia.Involuntaryeuthanasia:

generallyreferstothoseincapacitatedpatients,thosewhocannotexpressthemselves,suchasseverelydeformedbabies,braindeathpatients,havingamentalillnesspatients,orthosewhoseintelligenceisseriouslylow,accordingtotheirrelatives’applicationtoconducteuthanasia

自愿安乐死，是指患者本人要求，或者有过愿望，或者表示通过同意而采取的安乐死。非自愿安乐死，一般是指对那些无行为能力的患者，即无法表示本人要求、愿望或同意与否的患者，根据其亲属的申请而实施的安乐死，如对有严重畸形的婴儿、脑死亡病人、昏迷不醒病人、精神病人、智力严重低下者实施安乐死。Ⅳ.DebateofEuthanasia1.Infavorofeuthanasia2.AgainsteuthanasiaStillaliveordiedwitheuthanasia3.Stayinneutral

PollsofeuthanasiaAGREEOBJECTNEUTRAL24％31％45％

Manyfindthisprohibitionofanindividual'srighttodieispaternalistic.Althoughtheyagreethatlifeisimportantandshouldberespected,theyfeelthatthequalityoflifeshouldnotbeignored.Dr.VanOijenbelievesthatpeoplehavethefundamentalrighttochooseforthemselvesiftheywanttodie:"Whatthosepeoplewhoopposeeuthanasiaaretellingmeisthatdyingpeoplehaven'ttheright.Andthatwhenpeopleareveryill,weareallafraidoftheirdeath.Buttherearesituationswheredeathisafriend.Andinthosecases,whynot?"很多人发现禁止一个人选择死亡的权利是没有道理的。尽管他们也认为生命很重要，并且应当尊重生命，但是生活的质量也不容忽视。范·奥依金医生认为如果人们想死，他们应当有选择死亡的权利："那些反对使用安乐死的人们是在告诉我们要死亡的人没有这种权利。当他们病重时，我们害怕他们会死去。但是有的情况下死亡是人们的朋友。在那种情况下，为什么不使用安乐死呢？"1.InfavorofeuthanasiaNowlet’sseearesearch

National

Institute

of

public

opinion

poll

in

1947

to

37%

in

favor

of

euthanasia.51%,1983,

rising

to

63%

in

973,

reached

72%

in

recent

years.

ThevoicesofthepatientsBenefits

2134reducethepainofpatientsreducetheburdenofthefamilyreducetheburdenofthesociety.promotethedevelopmentofthemedicaltreatmentFirst,confirmthelegalizationofeuthanasia,canreducethepainofpatients.Accordingtotheministryofhealthofthenationalpopulationandtherelevantstatistics,eachyearinourcountrythenumberofpeoplekilledisnearly10million,amongthemmorethan1millionpeopleisgoneinextremepain.Andquitealotofpeopleamongthevictimshaveaskedforeuthanasia,butbecauseoflegalreason,theywererejectedandfinallydiedwithpain,helpless,regret.Inthiscase,whatiseuthanasiaconformstothehumanitarian?Orletthediseaseslowlytorture,swallowthepatient'slifemoreaccordwithhumanitarian?Asthehumanitarianareconcerned,lifemustbeprotected,butwhenapersonisonthevergeofdeathandcannotbetreated.Usingofexistingmedicalconditionsandstrongstrugglearefutile.Atthistime,theprotectionoflifehaslostitsanypracticalsignificance.Carryingouteuthanasiaastheywish,itmaintainthedignityofpersonality,reducethepainofpatients,andavoidthefamilymembersandfriendsandrelativeswatchthedeadpatientssufferingtorture.Itpreferdietolivewhenbornwithhopelessness.Second,confirmthelegalizationofeuthanasia,canreducetheburdenofthefamily.

Therelativesofthepatientshavementalresponsibilityandeconomicresponsibilitytothepatients.Inordertobeabletoextendapatient'slife,theyoftenneedtouseexpensivemedicalequipment,paytheheavymaterialprice,whichseverelyreducesthewholefamily'squalityoflife.Thisisexcessiveworthlessrequirements.Atthesametime,euthanasiaisalsobetterforthedeadman'sfamilymembersandrelativesandfriendsrecoveringfromthespiritualpainassoonaspossible.Theycanjoininthenormalstudy,workandlifeforthedemandofsocialdevelopmentquickly.Third,confirmedthelegalizationofeuthanasia,canreducetheburdenofthesociety.Peopleliveinsociety,itisthesocietywhichfinallybeartheliabilityofpatient.Societyhavetheobligationtodistributioncorrespondingresourcestosolveproblems,butthereisnoneedtokeepitsconsumptioninmaintainingthemeaninglessoflife.Atpresent,inChinatherearealotofpoorareaslackingofmedicaltreatment,someoneoftendiedorgotdeformityfornotgetgoodtreatment.So,inlimitedhealthresourcesociety,itshouldbeputtosavethesignificancepatients.

Forth,confirmedthelegalizationofeuthanasia,canpromotethedevelopmentofthemedicaltreatment.Carryingouteuthanasiaforthosewithincurabledisease,medicalpers