国际注汉语教师资格等级考试真题(华真)

国际注册汉语教师资格等级考试真题华真汉语·PartI

ReadingComprehension(50%)Direction:Thereare5passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B)C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

PassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Onaverage,Americankidsagesfrom3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethanwhattheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet(芭蕾舞).Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.“Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents,”saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand“malebreadwinner”householdsspentcomparablemountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.)

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids.“Playisthemostpowerfulwaythatachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,”saysT.BerryBrazelton,professorofHarvardThechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing“freetime”watchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,whohasgotthetime?1.

Bymentioning“thesametimecrunch”(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans________.

A)childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B)childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C)bothparentsandchildrensufferfromlackingofleisuretime

D)bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublesmanagingtheirtime2.

Accordingtotheauthor,thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis______.

A)quiteconvincing

B)partiallytrue

C)totallygroundless

D)ratherconfusing3.

Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif______.

A)hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B)heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C)hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D)heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents4.

TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids______.

A)areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B)areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C)arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D)areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork5.

Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

A)extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren’sintelligence

B)mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C)effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D)mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtothechildren

PassageTwoQuestions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

HenryFord,thefamousU.S.inventorandcarmanufacturer,oncesaid,‘ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness.”BythishemeantthattheU.S.wayoflifeisbasedonthevaluesofthebusinessworld.

FewwouldarguewithFord’sstatement.AbriefglimpseatadailynewspapervividlyshowshowmuchpeopleintheUnitedStatesthinkaboutbusiness.Forexample,nearlyeverynewspaperhasabusinesssection,inwhichthedealsandprojects,financesandmanagement,stockpricesandlaborproblemsofcorporationsarereporteddaily.Inaddition,businessnewscanappearineveryothersection.Mostnationalnewshasanimportantfinancialaspecttoit.Welfare,foreignaid,thefederalbudget,andthepoliciesoftheFederalReserveBankareallheavilyaffectedbybusiness.Moreover,businessnewsappearsinsomeoftheunlikeliestplaces.Theworldofartsandentertainmentisoftenreferredtoas“theentertainmentindustry”or“showbusiness.”

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ThepositivesideofHenryFord’sstatementcanbeseenintheprosperitythatbusinesshasbroughttoU.S.life.OneofthemostimportantreasonssomanypeoplefromallovertheworldcometoliveintheUnitedStatesisthedreamofabetterjob.Jobsareproducedinabundance(大量地)becausetheU.S.economicsystemisdrivenbycompetition.Peoplebelievethatthissystemcreatesmorewealth,morejobs,andamateriallybetterwayoflife.

ThenegativesideofHenryFord’sstatement,however,canbeseenwhenthewordbusinessistakentomeanbigbusiness.Andthetermbigbusiness—referringtothebiggestcompanies,isseeninoppositiontolabor.ThroughoutU.S.historyworkingpeoplehavehadtofighthardforhigherwages,betterworkingconditions,andtherighttoformunions.Today,manyoftheoldlabordisputesareover,butthereisstillsomeemployeeanxiety.Downsizing—thelayingoffofthousandsofworkerstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshigh--createsfeelingsofinsecurityformany.6.

TheunitedStatesisatypicalcountry______.

A)whichencouragesfreetradeathomesandabroad

B)wherepeople’schiefconcernishowtomakemoney

C)whereallbusinessesaremanagedscientifically

D)whichnormallyworksaccordingtothefederalbudget7.

TheinfluenceofbusinessintheU.S.isevidencedbythefactthat______.

A)mostnewspapersarerunbybigbusinesses

B)evenpublicorganizationsconcentrateonworkingforprofits

C)Americansofallprofessionsknowhowtodobusiness

D)evenartsandentertainmentareregardedasbusiness8.

Accordingtothepassage,immigrantschoosetosettleintheU.S.,dreamingthat______.

A)theycanstartprofitablebusinessesthere

B)theycanbemorecompetitiveinbusiness

C)theywillmakeafortuneovernightthere

D)theywillfindbetterchancesofemployment9.

HenryFord’sstatementscanbetakennegativelybecause______.

A)workingpeoplearediscouragedtofightfortheirrights

B)therearemanyindustriescontrolledbyafewbigcapitalists

C)thereisaconflictingrelationshipbetweenbigcorporationsandthe

labors

D)publicservicesarenotrunbythefederalgovernment10.

Acompany’seffortstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshighmayresultin______.

A)reductioninthenumberofemployees

B)improvementofworkingconditions

C)fewerdisputesbetweenlaborandmanagement

D)ariseinworkers’wages

PassageThreeQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

ProfessorSmithrecentlypersuaded35people,23ofwhicharewomen,tokeepadiaryofalltheirabsent-mindedactionsforafortnight.Whenhecametoanalysetheirembarrassinglapses(差错)inascientificreport,hewassurprisedtofindthatnearlyallofthemfellintoafewgroupings.Nordidthelapsesappeartobeentirelyrandom(随机的).

Oneofthewomen,forinstance,onleavingherhouseforworkonemorningthrewherdogherearringsandtriedtofixadogbiscuitonherear.“Theexplanationforthisisthatthebrainislikeacomputer,”explainstheprofessor.“Peopleprogrammethemselvestodocertainactivitiesregularly.Itwasthewoman’scustomeverymorningtothrowherdogtwobiscuitsandthenputonherearrings.Butsomehowtheactiongotreversedintheprogramme.”Aboutoneintwentyoftheincidentsthevolunteersreportedwerethese“programmeassemblyfailures.”

Altogetherthevolunteerslogged433unintentionalactionsthattheyfoundthemselvesdoing–anaverageoftwelveeach.Thereappeartobepeakperiodsinthedaywhenweareatourzaniest(荒谬可笑的).Thesearetwohourssometimebetweeneighta.m.andnoon,betweenfourandsixp.m.withasmallerpeakbetweeneightandtenp.m.“Amongmenthepeakseemstobewhenachangeoverinbrain‘programmes’occurs,asforinstancebetweengoingtoandfromwork.”Womenonaveragereportedslightlymorelapses–12.5comparedwith10.9formen–probablybecausetheyweremorereliablereporters.

Astartlingfindingoftheresearchisthattheabsent-mindedactivityisahazardofdoingthingsinwhichweareskilled.Normally,youwouldexpectthattheskillwillreducethenumberoferrorswemake.Buttryingtoavoidsillyslipsbyconcentratingmorecouldmakethingsalotworse–evendangerous.11.

InhisstudyProfessorSmithaskedthesubjects______.

A)tokeeptrackofpeoplewhotendtoforgetthings

B)toreporttheirembarrassinglapsesatrandom

C)toanalysetheirawkwardexperiencesscientifically

D)tokeeparecordofwhattheydidunintentionally12.

ProfessorSmithdiscoveredthat______.

A)certainpatternscanbeidentifiedintherecordedincidents

B)manypeopleweretooembarrassingtoadmittheirabsent-mindedness

C)mentendtobemoreabsent-mindedthanwomen

D)absent-mindednessisanexcusableofhumanweakness13.

“Programmeassemblyfailures”(Line6,Para.2)referstothephenomenonthatpeople______.

A)oftenfailtoprogrammetheirroutinesbeforehand

B)tendtomakemistakeswhentheyareinahurry

C)unconsciouslychangethesequenceofdoingthings

D)arelikelytomessthingsupiftheyaretootired14.

Welearnfromthethirdparagraphthat______.

A)absent-mindednesstendstooccurduringcertainhoursoftheday

B)womenareverycarefultoperformactionsduringpeakperiods

C)womenexperiencemorepeakperiodsofabsent-mindedness

D)men’sabsent-mindednessoftenresultsinfunnysituations15.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

A)peopleshouldavoiddoingimportantthingsduringpeakperiodsoflapses

B)hazardscanbeavoidedwhenpeopledothingstheyaregoodat

C)peopleshouldbecarefulwhenprogrammingtheiractions

D)lapsescannotalwaysbeattributedtolackofconcentration

PassageFour

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

It’snosecretthatmanychildrenwouldbehealthierandhappierwithadoptiveparentsthanwiththeparentsthatnaturedealtthem.That’sespeciallytrueofchildrenwhoremaininabusivehomesbemusethelawblindlyfavorsbiologicalparents.It’salso

第4页（共8页）trueofchildrenwhosufferforyearsinfosterhomes(收养孩子的家庭)becauseofparentswhocan’torwon’tcareforthembutrefusetogiveupcustody(监护)rights.

Fourteen-year-oldKimberlyMaysfitsneitherdescription,butherrecentcourtvictorycouldeventuallyhelpchildrenwhodo.Kimberlyhasbeentheobjectofanangrycustodybattlebetweenthemanwhoraisedherandherbiologicalparents,withwhomshehasneverlived.AFloridajudgeruledthattheteenagercanremainwiththeonlyfathershe’severknownandthatherbiologicalparentshave“nolegalclaim”onher.

Theruling,thoughitmayyetbereversed,setsasidetheprinciplethatbiologyistheprimarydeterminantofparentage.That’sanimportantdevelopment,onethat’slongoverdue.

ShortlyafterbirthinDecember1978,KimberlyMaysandanotherinfantweremistakenlyswitchedandsenthomewiththewrongparents.Kimberly’sbiologicalparents,ErnestandReginaTwigg,receivedachildwhodiedofaheartdiseasein1988.Medicaltestsshowedthatthechildwasn’ttheTwiggs’owndaughter,butKimberlywas,thussparkingacustodybattlewithRobertMays.In1989,thetwofamiliesagreedthatMr.MayswouldmaintaincustodywiththeTwiggsgettingvisitingrights.ThoserightswereendedwhenMr.MaysdecidedthatKimberlywasbeingharmed.

ThedecisiontoleaveKimberlywithMr.Maysrenderedhersuitdebated.ButthejudgemadeclearthatKimberlydidhavestandingtosue(起诉)onherownbehalf.Thushemadeclearthatshewasmorethanjustpropertytobehandledasadultssawfit.

Certainly,thebiologicallinkbetweenparentandchildisfundamental.Butbiologicalparentsaren’talwayspreferabletoadoptiveones,andbiologicalparentagedoesnotconveyanabsoluteownershipthatcancelsalltherightsofchildren.

16.

WhatwastheprimaryconsiderationintheFloridajudge’sruling?

A)Thebiologicallink.

B)Thechild’sbenefits.

C)Thetraditionalpractice.

D)Theparents’feelings.17.

WecanlearnfromtheKimberlycasethat______.

A)childrenaremorethanjustpersonalpossessionsoftheirparents

B)thebiologicallinkbetweenparentsandchildshouldbeemphasized

C)fosterhomesbringchildrenmorepainandsufferingthancare

D)biologicalparentsshouldn’tclaimcustodyrightsaftertheirchildisadopted18.

TheTwiggsclaimedcustodyrightstoKimberlybecause______.

A)theyfoundherunhappyinMr.Mays’custody

B)theyregardedherastheirproperty

C)theywereherbiologicalparents

D)theyfeltguiltyabouttheirpastmistake19.

KimberlyhadbeengiventoMr.Mays________.

A)bysheeraccident

B)outofcharity

C)athisrequest

D)forbettercare20.

Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthejudge’srulingcouldbedescribedas______.

A)doubtful

B)critical

C)cautious

D)supportive

PassageFiveQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

“Tear‘emapart!”

“Killthefool!”“Murderthereferee(裁判)！”Thesearecommonremarksonemayhearatvarioussportingevents.Atthetimetheyaremade,theymayseeminnocentenough.Butlet’snotkidourselves.Theyhavebeenknowntoinfluencebehaviorinsuchawayastoleadtorealbloodshed.Volumeshavebeenwrittenaboutthewaywordsaffectus.Ithasbeenshownthatwordshavingcertainconnotations(含义)

maycauseustoreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior.Iseetheterm“opponent“asoneofthosewords.Perhapsthetimehascometodeleteitfromsportsterms.Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“opponent“is“adversary“:“enemy“;“onewhoopposesyourinterests.”“Thus,whenaplayermeetsanopponent,heorshemaytendtotreatthatopponentasanenemy.Atsuchtimes,winningmaydominateone’sintellect,andeveryaction,nomatterhowgross,maybeconsideredjustifiable.Irecallanincidentinahandballgamewhenarefereerefusedaplayer’srequestforatimeoutforaglovechangebecausehedidnotconsideredthenwetenough.TheplayerproceededtorubhisglovesacrosshiswetT-shirtandthenexclaimed.“Aretheywetenoughnow?”Intheheatofbattle,playershavebeenobservedtothrowthemselvesacrossthecourtwithoutconsideringtheconsequencesthatsuchamovemighthaveonanyoneintheirway.Ihavealsowitnessedaplayerreactingtohisopponent’sinternationalandillegalblockingbydeliberatelyhittinghimwiththeballashardashecouldduringthecourseofplay.Offthecourt,theyaregoodfriends.Doesthatmakeanysense?Itcertainlygivesproofofacourtattitudewhichdepartsfromnormalbehavior.Therefore,Ibelieveitistimeweelevated(提升)thegametothelevelwhereitbelongstherebysettinganexampletotherestofthesportingworld.Replacingtheterm“opponent“with“associate”couldbeanidealwaytostart.Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“associate“is“colleague”;“friend”;“companion.”Reflectamoment!Youmaysoonseeandpossiblyfeelthedifferenceinyourreactiontotheterm“associate”ratherthan“opponent.”

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthor’sview?A)AggressivebehaviorinsportscanhaveseriousconsequencesB)ThewordspeopleusecaninfluencetheirbehaviorC)UnpleasantwordsinsportsareoftenusedbyforeignathletesD)Unfairjudgmentsbyrefereeswillleadtoviolenceonthesportsfield22.Harshwordsarespokenduringgamesbecausetheplayers_______A)aretooeagertowinB)areusuallyshort-temperedandeasilyoffendedC)cannotaffordtobepoliteinfiercecompetitionD)treattheirrivalsasenemies23.Whatdidthehandballplayerdowhenhewasnotallowedatimeouttochangehisgloves?A)HerefusedtocontinuethegameB)HeangrilyhittherefereewithaballC)Heclaimedthattherefereewasunfair

D)HewethisglovesbyrubbingthemacrosshisT-shirt

24.Accordingtothepassage,players,inagame,may_______A)deliberatelythrowtheballatanyoneillegallyblockingtheirwayB)keeponscreamingandshoutingthroughoutthegameC)liedownonthegroundasanactofprotestD)kicktheballacrossthecourtwithforce25.Theauthorhopestohavethecurrentsituationinsportsimprovedby______A)callingonplayerstousecleanlanguageonthecourtB)raisingthereferee’ssenseofresponsibilityC)changingtheattitudeofplayersonthesportsfieldD)regulatingtherelationshipbetweenplayersandreferees

PartII

Translate(20%)Direction:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseonyoursheet.Thereadingclassshouldbeoneinwhichstudentswilldevelopusefulreadingskills.Asinthecultivationofanyotherskill,guidedpracticeoverextendedperiodoftimeisessential.Inthebeginning,manystudentsmaynotfinishthearticlesintherecommendedtime,buttheyshouldgainconfidencefromtheirteacher.Thestudentsmustlearntostopreadingwordbywordandinstead,readingtograspthegeneralideaofthearticle.Thiscanbeachievedbyfaithfuluseoftherapidreadingandcomprehensionexercises.Thetransitionfromspecificwordstogeneralideastakestime,andthestudentsneedagreatdealofencouragementtomakethisadjustment.Theyshouldtrytoguesstheprobablemeaningsofunfamiliarwordsfromtheircontexts,ratherthanlookingthesewordsupinthedictionary.Itissuggestedthatdictionariesnotbeusedatallinreadingclass.

PartIIIWriting

(30%)Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetter.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtothecontentgivenbelowinChinese:你的朋友王芳，今年从师范学校毕业，现在她有两个选择：一是去国内的一所中学当语文老师，有国家编制，没有下岗的危险；一是去新加坡的一所中文私立学校教中文，薪水不错，机会很多，合同制上保险，但做不好可能会下岗。王芳拿不定主意，请你写封信帮她出出主意。字数不少于120字。更多国际注册汉语教师资格证考试真题请登录。参加国际注册汉语教师资格证考试培训的话，请选择正规的培训机构华真汉语。CCTV对IPA国际注册汉语教师的报道/programs/view/h8RnA6SLTlY/目录TOC\o"1-2"\h\z\u第一章总论 1第一节项目名称及承办单位 1第二节研究工作的依据与范围 2第三节简要研究结论 3第四节主要经济技术指标 5第二章项目提出的背景及必要性 7第一节项目提出的背景 7第二节项目建设的必要性 13第三章市场预测与需求分析 19第一节车用生物燃气市场发展分析 19第二节有机肥市场分析 23第四章建设规模与产品方案 29第一节建设规模 29第二节产品方案 29第五章厂址选择与建设条件 31HY