Unit1-Unit3知识点及练习牛津译林版英语八年级上册

八上U1-U3重要知识点梳理及练习重要知识点①【辨析】voice,sound,noisevoice意为“嗓音”常指人的嗓音、说话声和歌唱声sound意为“声音、响声”指人、动物或物体发出的声音，即大自然的任何声音意为“听起来”后接形容词作表语noise意为“噪音；喧闹声”常指不悦耳、不和谐的声音②either的用法(1)either

可做形容词和代词，意为“（两者中）任何一个”Eitherofthemagazines(be)interesting.(2)either…or…意为

“或者…或者…，要么…要么…”

表示对两事物或情况的选择，连接相同的句子成分。你要么领先要么落后。当这个女孩开心时，要么唱歌要么跳舞。Whenthegirlishappy,she晚饭后要么我妈妈要么我爸爸洗碗。aftersupper.(3)either，“也”，用于否定句末Ifyoudon’tgothere,Iwon’t,either.③knock碰，撞(1)vi.“敲；击；打；碰”固定短语：knockat/onsth.敲某物（门、窗等）(2)n.意为“敲击声”【拓展】knock的短语knocksth.onto将某物撞到....上knockat/on敲knockover撞翻；碰倒knockdown打倒；撞倒；拆（建筑物）knocksth.off(..)把某物从...上撞掉④形容词、副词比较级

1.形容词的比较级和最高级

形容词可以根据其性质和特征的不同，进行比较。比较级用于两个事物的比较，最高级则用于三个以上事物的比较。例如：

-Thisflowerismorebeautifulthanthatone.（这朵花比那朵花更漂亮。）

2.副词的比较级和最高级

副词的比较级和最高级和形容词一样，可以用于描述更多的性质和特征。例如：

-Shesingsmorebeautifullythanhersister.（她唱歌比她姐姐唱得更动听。）

⑤offer的用法offer/用作及物动词，意为“主动提出、自愿给予”，主要用法如下：（1）offersth.意为“提供某物、提供某事”。Heofferedagoodplanforourholiday.（2）offertodosth.意为“（主动）提出做某事”。Tomofferedtodriveustothebusstation.（3）offersb.sth./offersth.tosb.意为“（主动）给某人提供某物”。Weshouldofferothersourhelp.⑥辨析spend,pay,take和costspend主语是人spend...onsth./spend...(in)doingsth.pay主语是人payforsth./paysb.forsth.take主语是itIttakessb.+时间+todosth.cost主语是物sth.costssb.+金钱⑦辨析howlong,howsoon和howoftenhowlong“多长时间”，提问for和since引出的时间状语---Howlongdidyoustaythere?---Forabouttwoweeks.howsoon“多久”提问“in+一段时间”---Howsoonwilltheycomeback?---Intwoweeks.howoften“多久一次”，提问动作发生的频率---Howoftendoyougohome?---Onceaweek.⑧recommendDavidasournewmonitor=recommendDavidtobeournewmonitorrecommendsth.tosb.=recommendsb.sth.向某人推荐某物⑨inall总计，一共，总共aboveall重中之重，首要的是，最重要的是，尤其是firstofall首先afterall毕竟not…atall一点也不，根本就不⑩重点单词的用法（1）honestadj.诚实的,正直的(p7)开头的辅音字母h不发音，修饰单数可数名词时,之前必须用不定冠词an。反义词他是一个诚实的男孩。Heis..【拓展1】tobehonest“老实说，坦白说”=honestlyspeaking=totellthetruth，作插入语Tobehonest,Idon’tlikethemusicatall.坦白说，我一点也不喜欢这音乐。【拓展2】behonestwithsb.意为“对某人诚实”【中考典例】Peterreturnedthewallettothepolice.Hewas_______honestboy.aB.anC.theD.不填（2）secretn.秘密,秘诀(p7)用作名词时，在句中可以作主语、宾语和宾语补足语;常与动词keep构成固定搭配。【拓展】含secret的短语keepasecret=keepsecrets保守秘密keepasecretforsb.为某人保守秘密keepthe/one’ssecrettooneself把秘密藏在某人自己心里secret用作形容词时，意思是“秘密的”，用作定语修饰名词。【练】一个秘密的计划____________________________【中考典例】—What'syour_______ofstayinghealthy?—Idoexercise30minuteseverydayandhaveabalanced(均衡的)diet.troubleB.mistakeC.problemD.secret（3）divide…into…把…分成…bedividedinto…被分成…divide...between/amongsb在....之间分配..练习：老师把我们班分成四个小组。Theteacher你们通常被分为几组来做小组讨论？tomakegroupdiscussion?Hedividedthecookies________thechildrenwhoweredivided_________threegroups.A.in,intoB.into,intoC.into,amongD.among,into（4）caren./verb.“关心，在意；关注”adj.careful“小心的；细心的”；adv.carefully“细心地”becarefulwith…..小心……反义词：adj.careless“粗心的”；adv.carelessly“粗心地”【常用词组】(1).takecare=lookout小心(2).takegoodcareofsb=lookaftersbwell照顾好某人【辨】careabout关心，关怀；careforsb/sth照料...；喜欢...【练】（1）Mayisa___________girlandshedoeseverything____________.（仔细）(2)Youmadesomanymistakesinyourhomeworkyesterday.How_________youwere!(3)Fireisverydangerous,andweshouldbe_________________（小心用火）.（5）lie此处为名词，意为“谎言”，telllies“说谎”【拓展1】lie作动词意为“撒谎；躺，位于”lietosb.“对某人撒谎”原形过去式过去分词现在分词lie(vi.说谎)liedliedlyinglie(vi.躺，位于)laylainlyinglay(平放；放置；下蛋)laidlaidlaying【练】(1)他昨天对我们撒谎了。He________________usyesterday.(2)地上躺着一个小孩。Therewasachild________________theground.(3)Atthefootofthemountain________(lie)avillage(4)Thehens________50eggslastweek.【中考典例】Thefamousbookshop________(lie)onCharingCrossRoadinLondoninthe1940s.（6）boredadj.无聊的对某事厌烦；对某事感到无聊_____________【辨析】bored与boring________意为“无聊的；厌倦的；烦闷的”，常用于修饰人的心理。________意为“无趣的，乏味的；令人厌烦的“，常用于修饰事或物。【练】(1)There’sa______expressiononherface.她脸上有一种厌倦的表情。(2)Thespeakerwasso______thatIfelt______andalmostfellasleep【归纳】类似用法的单词还有： interestedadj.感兴趣的interestingadj.有趣的excitedadj.激动的，兴奋的excitingadj.令人激动的，令人兴奋的练习一、单选()1.Heisvery______toeveryoneandhetoldushowtodoit_______justnow．polite；politelyB.politely；politeC.polite；politeD.politely；politely()2．We________themand________thebasketballmatchlastweek.A．beat;win B．beat;won C．won;beat D．win;beat()3.ChinesestudentshaveweeksinthesummertimethanAmericanstudents. A.more;onB.fewer;onC.fewer;offD.less;off()4.--Howwasyourtriptothepark?--Itcouldn'tbeWelostourwayanditkeptraining.A.nicerB.worstC.worseD.good()5.Hisunclecaughtabadcold.Nowheisstill.A.()6.Lucy’ssportsshoesareyours.A.likeB.alikeC.thesameD.different()7.Alotofpeopletriedtheirbest,but______peoplewontheprize.A.afewB.fewC.littleD.alittle()8.Nancyspenthalfanhour________thepianoeveryday.A.topracticeplaying B.practisingplaying C.practisingtoplay D.topractisetoplay( )9.Chinaislargerthan_____________inAfrica(非洲).othercountriesB.anyothercountryC.theothercountryD.anycountry( )10.__________childrenthereareinafamily,_________theirlifewillbe.theless;thebetterB.thefewer;thebetterfewer;richerD.more;poorer()11.——Look!Who's________girlinaredskirtoverthere?——Oh,sheismysister,Kate.Sheis________honestgirl.that;a B．this;the C．this;a D．that;an()12.——Mrs.Wang,I'mafraidIcan'tfinishtheworkintwodays.——Don'tworry.I'llgiveyou________days.A.twoanother B．twomore C．moretwo D．twomany()13.--_______________________?--Heistallandhandsome.A.Whatdoeshelooklike? B.Whatishelook?C.Whatishelike? D.Whatdoeshelike?()14.Whenyouaredoingreadingexercises,itisagoodideato________thequestionsbeforeyoureadthearticles.lookoverB.lookafterC.lookthroughD.lookinto()15.There_____anumberofteachersandstudentsinourschool,andthenumberoftheteachers_______becominglargerandlarger.A.is;areB.are;isC.are;areD.is;is()16.MybestfriendJacklookshappy,andhealways_______asmile_______hisface.A.wear;on B.put;in C.wears;on D.wears;in()17.Thejokeoftenmakesthechildren.A.fun,laughB.funny,tolaughC.fun,laughD.funny,laugh()18.—Doyouhaveenoughtime_______after-schoolactivities?—Ofcourse.Weonlyhavehalfanhour________homework.二、单词1.ZhengWenisagoodgirl,sheis___________(friend)toeveryone.2.Ina(mix)school,boysandgirlshavelessonstogether.3.LinTaogoestothecountrytoseehisgrandparents(two)amonth.4.Simonhas(little)orangejuicethanMillie.5.Wealwayshaveagreattime_____________(chat)witheachother.6.Doyoulike____________(Britain)EnglishorAmericanEnglish?7.Theteacheraskedmesomethingaboutmy________(day)life.8.Whichdoyouthinkis____________(interesting),goingtoapicnicorgoingfishing?9.Springfestivalisthe_________(big)festivalinChina.Itisagoodtimeforfamilymembertogettogether.10.Theyoungman____________(ride)abikeisourPEteacher.11.Yourmother_____________(get)everythingreadyforyou,hasn’tshe?12.Duringthepastfiveyears,there_______________(be)greatchangesinourvillage.13.Weshouldkeepon____________(try)untilwewin.14.____________(take)abusismuchfasterthanwalking.15.Let’shaveafurther_____________(discuss)withourfriends.16.Jim__________(信任)hisfather,sohecantellhisfathereverything.17.Simonlikestotell____________(笑话)afterclass.18.We___________(选择)Tomtobeourmonitoryesterday.19.SunYangisoneofthebest____________(游泳者)intheworld.20.Itisn’taneasything,soyoushouldbe_____________(耐心的)21.What’sthe___________(高度)ofthemountain?22.He_____________(碰)mybookontothegroundwhenhewalkedpastmydesk.23.Sheisatallgirlwithlong____________(笔直的)hair.24.Nevertell____________(谎言).Youshouldbehonest.25.Her__________(微笑的)eyesmakeherlooksweet.26.Heisgoodatplayingfootballandheisan___________(杰出的)footballplayer.27.Shegoesswimmingatweekends.Swimmingisoneofher_____________(兴趣).28.Welearnalotaboutdifferent___________(文化)aftervisitingtheWorldPark.29.Hedoesn’tknowthe____________(意思)ofthisword.30.Wearegoingtoclimbupthe___________(岩石)tomorrow.31.Ican’tfindmy___________(票).Haveyouseenthem?32.Hecan’t____________(拉)theheavybox.33.Withyour___________(支持),ourteamwillwin.34.The____________(费用)ofthetripis20yuaneachstudent.35.The_____________(总统)oftheUSAlivesintheWhiteHouse.36.__________(幸好),hepassedthemathsexam.37.Theyarecrazyaboutclimbingmountains.Theywanttobegood____________(登山者).38.Thefanslike_______________(欢呼)fortheirteamwhenwatchingthematch.39.Whenhe____________(到达)Shanghai,hecalledhisparents.40.Fishandmeathavedifferent______________(味道).41.Helosthiswayintheforestandhefeltso_____________(无助的).三、书面表达1.bestfriend第一部分：外貌、特点第二部分：品行第三部分：爱好其它……请根据下面提示，以Mybestfriend为题写一篇短文介绍你的好朋友Daniel。特点圆脸，瘦高个儿；很幽默，经常讲笑话让我们开怀大笑。品行愿意和朋友分享东西；对人友善；时刻准备帮助别人。爱好喜欢阅读，每天看英文报刊杂志。喜欢运动，每周二和四下午放学后和同学们一起打棒球。喜欢旅行，希望每周进行一次学校旅行。未来计划长大想当……要求：1、表达清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯。短文必须包括所有的信息，省略号部分适当发挥1-2句。词数90词左右。MyfriendDanielIhaveawonderfulfriendnamedDaniel.I’dliketotellyousomethingabouthim.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Schoollife学校英文杂志《Teenagers》向全校学生征稿，稿件以描述校园生活为主题。以下是刘昊同学拟定的写作提纲，假设你是刘昊，请你根据他的提纲，写一篇以“Helen’sschoollife”为题的征文。1、学校生活丰富多彩而有趣，是一所混合学校；2、上午八点半开始，下午四点半结束；3、有音乐、计算机、科学等科目，最喜欢的科目是历史。中文不太好，希望得到Nancy的帮助；4、有许多时间进行课外活动，作业少。经常和好朋友一起到图书馆看书；5、学校每月有旅游活动。要求：征文必须根据提纲自拟，要求语句通顺、意思连贯、符合题意；词数在80个左后，征文的首尾已经给出，不计入总次数；Helen’sschoollifeHelenlivesinAmerica.Sheisinthe8thgradeatRockyMountainHighSchool.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Helenenjoysherschoollife.四、完形填空Wehaveallkindsoffriends,suchasdogs,catsandsoon.Butdoyouthinkthatcomputersarepeople’sfriends,too?Nowletmetellyou___1___aboutitWeliveinthe"computerage".People,likescientist,teachersandevenstudents,usecomputerstodo___2___work.Butmorethan30yearsago,___3___couldn’tdomuchwork.Theywereverybigandexpensive.Very___4___peoplewereinterestedinthemandknewhowtousethem.Todaycomputersaresmallerand___5___.Andtheycandoalotofwork.Manypeopleliketousethem.___6___peoplehavethemathome.Computersbecomeveryimportantbecausetheycanwork___7___thanmenandmakefewermistakes.Computerscan___8___peopledoalotofwork.Teachersusethemtohelpteaching.Studentsusethem___9___.Computerscanalsorememberwhatyouputintothem.Computersarevery___10___andhelpful.Itistruethattheyareourgoodfriends.Doyouthinkso?()1.A.anything B.nothing C.something D.little()2.A.manyof B.allkindsof C.alot D.verymuch()3.A.scientists B.teachers C.students D.computers()4.A.few B.little C.afew D.alittle()5.A.cheap B.cheaper C.expensive D.moreexpensive()6.A.Moreorless B.FewerandfewerC.Lessandless D.Moreandmore()7.A.slow B.slower C.fast D.faster()8.A.help B.make C.use D.stop()9.A.study B.tostudy C.studying D.toeat()10.A.beautiful B.careful C.useful 五、阅读理解OnSaturdaymorning,everyboyintownwashappy,exceptTomSawyer.Tom’sauntsaidhehadtopaintthefence(围栏)becauseTomhadcausedsometrouble.Thefencewasthirtyyardslongandthreeyardshigh.Heknewotherboyswouldlaughathim.Hedidn’twanttobecomeajoke,sohethoughthard.Thenhecameupwithanideaandpickeduphisbrushtostartthework,Amomentlater,BenRogerscamewithanappleinhishand."I’mgoingswimming,"saidBen."Doyouwanttocome?Oh,youhavetowork,don’tyou?"Tomgotalittleangry,butsoonhehadawonderfulidea."Ofcoursenot.I’menjoyingmyself.Doesaboygetachancetopaintafencelikethiseveryday?"Tomsaidandwentonpainting.Benthoughtaboutthis.HewaswatchingTom’severymoveandwasgettingmoreandmoreinterested.Afterawhile,hesaid,"Tom,willyouletmedosomepainting?""Noway,yousee,AuntPollywantsittobedoneproperly.I’mtheonlyonethatcandoitright.]"Oh,please,Tom,"begged(恳求)Ben."Illbereallycareful.Letmetry.I’llgiveyouhalfmyappleinreturn.Wait,I’llgiveyouallofit.""That’sadeal,"saidTom."Butyoumustbecareful."HegaveBenhisbrushwithworryonhisfacebutjoyinhisheart.HestartedtoeatBen’sapple.Allday,boyspassedbyandwantedtopaint.WhenBengottired,Billybegantopaint.HegaveTomhisfavouritekite.ThenJohnnygavehimtwelvemarbles(弹珠),andsoon.Thatafternoon,Tomgotlotsof"treasure",andthefencegotthreecoatsofpaint.AuntPollywassopleasedwhenshesawthepaintedfencethatshegavehimalargecake!()1.Atfirst,TomSawyerwasunhappybecause__________.A.hehadtopaintthefence B.hehadnofriendstotalkwithC.hehadnoapplesandcakestoeat D.hedidn’twanttolivewithAuntPolly()2.WhenTomSawyerwasworking,Bencamealongto__________.A.givehimahand B.askhimtoswim C.laughathim D.givehimanapple()3.Theunderlined(画线的)phrase"inreturn"means"__________"inChinese.A.归还 B.返回 C.回报 D.盈利()4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Tomthoughtpaintingthefencewasfun. B.Tomgotmanytoysandalargecakeintheend.C.Tomwastheonlyboywhocouldworkcarefully. D.AuntPollytreatedTomunkindly.()5.Fromthepassage,weknowTom