人教版高中英语必修1至8讲解1核心词汇及训练

Unit upset,upset,ignore,concern,settle,suffer,recover,addgothrough,setdown,getalongwith,join adj.vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打乱（计划等sthsthupsetsbupsetupset 打/beupsetabout/overat upsetone’s使（肠胃）eg:Hisstrangebehaviourupsethisfather.Don’tupsetyourselfabouttheexam.It’supsethimthatnobodyhadbotheredto lhimaboutit.Itupsetsmetothinkofherallaloneinthatbighouse. vt.ignoresbignoresb/ /beinignoranceofaboutsth 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的beignorantbeignorantof/abouteg:Heignoredallthe“NoSmoking”signsandlitupaWecan’taffordtoignoretheirHe’scompleyignorantaboutmodern n.[U][C]vt.ItItisnoconcernofmine/ adj.关心的，关切的，担忧的；焦虑的（位于名词之前；相关的（位于名词之后as/sofaras…beconcernedbeconcernedabout/forsthbeconcernedin/withbeconcernedover/atconcernoneselfabout/ eg:ThereisgrowingconcernaboutonTheisdeeplyconcernedaboutthisHeaskedseveralquestionsconcerningthefutureoftheThischapterconcernsitselfwiththehistoricalbackground.注：concerned用作形容词时意为“担忧的；关心的”；用作后置定语时意为“相关的；有关的”另外concerning用作介词时意为“关于；对于” vi.安家；；停vt.使；安排；解settledownsettlesettledownsettlein/intosettleonsettleup 舒适地坐下（或躺下 ；安静/平静下 点eg: hasagreedtosettleoutofIt’sallsettled—we’releavingonthenineo’clockne.Isettledheronthesofaandputablanketoverher. vt.，蒙受；后跟pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/punishment/hardship以vi.后常跟介词from，表示“受……折磨；受……之苦，患某种疾病” n.eg:ManycompaniesaresufferingfromashortageofskilledHesufferedamassiveheartTheRepublicanPartyhasjustsufferedahugedefeatinthepolls vi.&vt.recoverrecoverrecover eg:LiuXiangisstillrecoveringfromhisIttookherafewminutestorecoverconsciousness.Shehasmadeafullrecoveryfromherillness.add add…on(to)…addtoadduptoininaddition把……在……中加上总计；总共（除……eg:ThenumbersadduptoexactlyRemembertoaddinthecostofAservicechargeof15%wasaddedontothego goaftergogoaftergoagainstgoaheadgobygooffgoongooverpass，与…livethroughlooklivethroughlookthroughpulleg:Ialwaysstartthedaybygoingthroughmye-He’samazinglycheerfulconsideringallhe’sgonethrough.Thingswillgeteasierastimegoesby.set setsetabout ng着手（做某事setout(todo set set （把钟等） set set set setan setfireto…=oneg:Passengersmaybesetdownandpickeduponlyattheofficialstops.Thebadweathersetbackthebuildingprogrammebyseveralweeks.Weneedtosetaboutfindingasolution.注：setabout和setout都可作“开始着手做某事”讲，但setabout后加ngsth，而setout后todosthgetalong 与…getalongwithsbgetgetalongwithsbgetalongwithsthgetabout/aroundgetaway同某事进展/（消息）（getgetdown get get //get getrid getget eg:She’sneverreallygotonwellwithherI’mnotgettingonveryfastwiththisIt’stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.Yourmeaningdidn’treallygetacross.join joinjoinjoinupwith（）joinhandswithsb)（join/joinintakepartin/attend/join表示“”等，如jointheParty/YouthLeague/army/2joinin表示“参加正在进行的活动”，如joininagame/discussion/conversation/walk。亦可说：joinsbin( ng)sth。3要用不定冠词，如takeanactive)partinapartyschoolactivitiesphysicallabourmeetingasportsmeetingaconcertashowschool/alecture5participate为正式用语，和介词ineg:ShelistensbutsheneverjoinsOurteacheroftenjoinsusinsingingandHowmanycountriestookpartinthe29thOlympicGamesinOurchildrenattendthesameThe themeetingbyshoutingandthrowingstonesattheA. B. C. D.有些就是对速度限制Somedrivers 无视别的国家的，伊朗仍将继续它的核项目 ernmentwillgoonwithitsnuclearWhatthepublicis aboutiswhethermedicalworkersandscientistswillbeabletofindacureforthisnewdiseaseinashorttime. B.C. D.toHowarethe theirnew B.settlingC.settling D.settlingAsaresultofthesevereearthquakeinWenchuan，thewhole greathavesuffered B.C.have D.sufferedTheeconomyis 尚未找回的珠宝havesofarfailedto ---HasMarycomeback---Yes.Shehasgotmanybooksfromherelder A.add B.addup C.add D.Theengineoftheshipwasoutoforderandthebadweather thehelplessnessofthecrewatadded B.resultedC.turned D.madeMaybetherearesomethingsamongthegirl’spapers,likeherschoolreports,oldphotosandsoon.Canyou themandgivemewhateveryoufind?go B.goC.go D.goThatevening whathehadthoughtaboutthesetabout;set B.setabout;tosetC.setout;setting D.setout;tosetIdon’tthinkyour tothecrowd,fortheyappearedquitegot B.gotC.got D.gotWhenTomwasveryyoung,hewasterriblyfrightenedofdogs,buthe got B.gotC.got D.gotMysister theLeaguelastmonthandshehasdecidedto theactivitytohelptheagednextweek.joined;join B.joinedin;C.joined; D.joinedin;joinUnit Englisharoundthenative,native,base,command,request,recognize,block,becauseof,comeup,such yarole/ adj.n.benativetobebenativetobeanativeofgonativeartdance/peoples//nativewit /eg:ThetigerisnativetoHeisanativeofYoucanalwayslthedifferencebetweenthetouristsandthe vt.以…n.基部；；基basebasesthon/upon basesbsthoneself thebaseofacolumnglasspyramid//amilitary/navalbase 军事（以某事）/根据的 室eg:WhatareyoubasingthistheoryTheydecidedtobasethenew Thetownisanidealbasefortouringthearea. n.[C][U]vt.atsb’scommandunderatsb’scommandunderone’scommandunderthecommandofsbhave(a)commandoftakecommandof(be)incommandcommandsbtodo听由…在…commandthat…(should) 命令eg:ThearrivedandtookcommandoftheApplicantswillbeexpectedtohave(a)commandofThecommissionintervenedandcommandedthatworkonthebuilding注：commandshould+动词或省略should。 n.&vt.makemake(a)request请求；要求atsb’srequestattherequestofsbbyrequestononrequestsbtodo请 做某requestthatsb(should)dosth请求requeststhfrom/ofItisrequested向据要求eg:HewasthereattherequestofhisSherequestedthatnoone(should)betoldofherdecision.Youarerequestednottosmokeintherestaurant.insistordercommanddviuggtpropo；四要求ask，demand，request，require。 recognizerecognizesb/sthby/根据…/某事（物berecognizedtobe/asItisrecognizedthat… outofbeyondrecognitioneg:Drugswerenotrecognizedtobe/asaseriousproblemthen.Itwasrecognizedthatthissolutioncouldonlybetemporary.Thebookisnowrecognizedasaclassic. n. aablockofice/concrete/stoneatowerblockanofficeablockofsharesblockoffblockblockup//…做eg:HisapartmentisthreeblocksawayfromtheThemainroadsofthecityhavebeenblockedThefallentreesblockedusfromgoingintotheflooded注：表示“…做…”的动词有：block…; (from)…/prevent…; (from)…/stop…; (from)…/keep…from…because becauseof是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词；becausebecauseof/owingtoduetoonaccountof/thanksbecauseof意为“由于，因为”owingto与becauseofdueto引出造 的原因，在句中常作表语、状语。作状语时与owingto同义，但dueonaccountof与becauseof，owingtothanksto只能用作状语，可以表达正面意思，“幸亏”，也可用于讽刺口吻中（eg:LiuXianggaveupthecompetitionbecauseofhisThegamewascancelledowingtoheavyrain.Theteam’ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.Itwasagreatsuccess—thankstoalotofhardcome （comecomeupwithcomeaboutcomeacrosscomealongcomebackcomeoncomeoutcome穿过(路、桥)；偶遇；偶然发现(=comeeg:ThedaffodilsarejustbeginningtocomeThesubjectcameupinShecameupwithanewideaforincreasing注：comeup含有“被提出”之意，以物作主语，此时不用语态；而comeupwith意为“提出，Icameupwithaproposalanditsooncameupatthesuch 例如…suchas/forexamplethatisandso1suchas…用来列举事物。通常放在被列举的事物的前面以及需要说明的事物的后面，意思是“比如；诸如…之类的”，也与like互换，as后面不能有逗号。2forexample…起到补充说明的作用，表明在众多内容中仅举一个或少数几个例子，可位于句34andsoon对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用…andsooneg:Wildflowerssuchasorchidsandprimroses ingItispossibletocombineComputerSciencewithothersubjects,forexample,Physics.Wediscussedeverything—whentogo,whattoseeandsoon.yarolepart 在…在…yanyanimportantrolepart ytheroleofsb y/actthepartof（在剧中）扮 的角ytheleading 起主要）eg:Clownsyanimportantroleinacircus.Sheysanactivepartinlocalpolitics.Themediayamajorroleininfluencingpeople’sToday,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethanevermorethan+数词，表示“超过，多于”morethan+名词，表示“不仅是，不只是”morethan+/副词，表示“非常，十分”，与veryeg:Thereisroomfornomorethanthreecars.Shewasfarmorein ligentthanhersister.I’mmorethanhappytotakeyouthereinmyIthadmoretheappearanceofadeliberatecrimethanofanSpanishis languageofmostA. B. C. D.Withoutfacts,wecan’tformaworthwhileopinionforweneedtohavefactualknowledgeourthinking.whichtobebased B.whichtobaseC.uponwhichto D.towhichtobeAcompetentspeakerofalanguagemusthavea(an)ofthesedifferentstyles. B.C. D.Thisishisonlyrequestthatthe afterbeingbe B.wouldbeC.is D.willbeThefamousfilmstarworedarkglassessothatnoone A. B. C. D.Overtheyearsshehadtried thatpartofherMy withthisDozensoftheforeignvisitorswillhavetowaitanothertwoweeks thedelaysinobtainingincase B.inspiteC.instead D.becauseTom,togetherwithhis because theschoolwaspunished;werepunished;waspunished;werepunished;Theythoughtaboutitforalongtime,butstill acome B.getalongC.come D.comeupAfamouswriter’snewbookMyNewLifewillnexte B.comeC.come D.comeSeveralfi arerisingtointernationalfame, ,BrokebackMountaindirectedbyAngLeehaswontheOscar such B.forC. D.thatThepartthatintheinternational ininternationalA.ys;iswidely B.ys;iswideC.takes;widely D.takes;wide---Anneactsquite---Ithink moreshy B.shyerC.moreshyer D.shymoreUnit3Travelprefer,prefer,persuade,determine,view,changeone’smind,givein,nomatter vt.更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物preferprefer(sb)todo更喜欢更喜欢）做prefer 更喜欢[that从句中常用(should+动词prefersth/ng…tosth/ng…与…相比更喜欢…；宁愿…，不愿…prefertodo…ratherthando… 偏爱；；喜givepreferencetosb/给…inpreferencetosb/eg:IpreferyinginIwouldpreferthatyou(should)notmentionmyname.Hepreferstostayathomeratherthangoshop.ShewaschoseninpreferencetohersisterasavolunteeroftheBeijingOlympic注：在preferto…结构中，to后接动词；在prefer…to…结构和preference构成的短语中 vt.persuadepersuadesbtodosth=persuadesb ngpersuadesbnottodosth=persuadesbout ngtrytopersuadesbtodosth(=advisesbtodo做某事（但未劝服persuadesbof 相信advise/advise表示“劝告”的动作，不看结果，而persuade强调“已经说服”；advise既可接动词的-ingthat引导的宾语从句（should+persuadeeg:TrytopersuadehimtoIallowedmyselftobepersuadedintoenteringthecompetition.Iamstillnotfullypersuadedofthen’sadvantage.注：Youcanadvisehimbutyoumaynotpersuade vt.&vi.（使）determine+determine+n./pron.determinetodosthdetermineon/upon…determinethat/what…determinesbtodosthdeterminesbagainstbedeterminedtodo决定使 eg:WedeterminedtoleaveatHisadvicedeterminedmetodelaynoIamdeterminedtofindoutwhoisresponsiblefor注：determinetodosth在词义上等于bedeterminedtodosth。但前者强调动作，后者强调状态。类似的短语还有：prepareforbepreparedforworryaboutbeworriedabout。这类结构常考 ；注视；考inone’sviewcomeinone’sviewcomeintoviewinfullview(ofsb/sth)inviewofsthwithaviewtosth/在ngeg:WetaketheviewthatitwouldbewrongtoHowdoyouviewyourpositioninthe Inviewoftheweather,wewillcancelthechangeone’s makeupone’smindbearmakeupone’smindbear/keep…inmindhave…inmindcall/bringsthtomindfixone’sminduponbeofone/thesamebeoutofone’seg:HaveyoumadeupyourmindswheretogoforyourShecouldn’tcalltomindwhereshehadseenhimbefore.Hewillbearthebeautifulgirlinmindforever.give givegiveintosbgiveawaygivebackgiveoffgiveoutgiveupgiveovergiveway对；；给…让路；对…eg:Thehaveshownnosignsofgivingintothekidnappers’Hegaveawaymostofhismoneytocharity.Afteramonththeirfoodsgaveout.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.1在“+++不定式”使用此结构须具备两个前提条件：a.不定式作状语修饰作表语的形容词；b.2eg:It’sadifficultquestiontoTomiseasytoHarryPotterisinterestingtoA alwaystriestofinishthejob,nomatterhowharditnomatterhow引导让步状语从句，意为“无论多么…”，how后紧跟形容词或副词，此处相当于however+形容词/副词。疑问词疑问词-ever和nomatter+12wherever，whenever，however常引导让步状语从句，可以换成nomatterwhere/when/how，3however引导让步状语从句常与倒装结合起来。这时，howevereg:Whoeversaysthatisaliar.（主语从句Wherevershegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.（让步状语从句Shehasthewindowopen,howevercolditisoutside.（让步状语从句）Mostpeople spending;totobespending;tobetospend;tohavingspent;tohavingtoresumehisformerposition,LiuXiangisactivelyengagedin B.ToC. D.Iwouldliketobuyahousewhichhasa(n)overthesea.A. B. C. D.Thesearethebasic r,whichyoushould by B.byC.in D.forWhatdisappointeduswasthattheirdetermination A.gave B.gave C.gave D.gaveHetriedtokeepupacalmappearance,buthistrembling showed; B.cleared;C.gave; D.gave;Wehaveseveralmodelsofthelatest ,youcantakewhicheveryouto B.tobechosenC.forchoosing D.tochooseTheemployersoftengivethejobto theybelievehaveworkexperiencewithastrongsenseof B.C. D.thosethecause,thehatebetweenthesemengrewdeeperandA. B.What C. D.WhatUnit4burst,burst,ruin,injure,bury,judge,rightaway,atanend,anumberof,Itseemsas vt.&vi.（使）（使）burstburstburstngsth=burstinto+beburstingtodosthburstin/intoburstwithanger/grief///eg:Theexcellentperformanceofcompetitorsatthe29thBeijingOlympicGamesburstsofapShewasburstingtolhimthegoodnews.Theboyburstintotearsonseeingthebigdog. n.[U]毁坏；，[C](Pl.)废墟、遗v.（使）（使），beinruinsbeinruinsbetheruinofbringsbtocome/fallto/intoruinruinoneselfruinone’shealth/成为（ ；/eg:Thebanksteppedintosave fromfinancialMynewshoesgotruinedintheThatonemistakeruinedhischanceofgettingthe1destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏、毁坏”程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，2ruindamage是程度较小的“破坏、损坏”break是“破坏、打破、打碎”5spoil“破坏，糟蹋”，其重点在于破坏事物原先的结构、和谐性，使原事物不再具有原先的特 损害， doaninjuryto thewoundinjurehurtharmbeburiedaliveburysthin…buryone’sfaceinhandsbeburiedinbury(oneself)把…埋到…judgesb/sthfrom/by…judgebetweenrightandwrongasfarasIcanjudgejudgingby/从…aninjuredlook /injuredpride/ 受 的自尊/情eg:Oneof yersinjuredhiskneeandhadtobecarriedThiscouldseriouslyinjurethe Don’tharmyoureyesbyreadingindimlight. vt.eg:TheirambitionswerefinallydeadandSheburiedherfaceinherhandsandwept.Sincesheleft,he’sburiedhimselfinhiswork. 裁判员 ；评判 inone’s依eg:Don’tjudgeabookbyitsJudgingby/fromherlastletter,theyarehavingawonderfultime.Hewasoneofthejudgesatthehorserace.注：judgingfrom/by表示“从…上看，根据…来判断”right withoutdelay/rightnow/ y/atonce/innotime/rightrightawayrightrightaway“立刻，马上”atonce，innotimerightnow“立即，马上；此时此刻”，后一意义比now的语气强，相当于atthisverymomenteg:IwantitsentrightHecleanedtheroomrightaway.He’snotintheofficerightnow.atan attheendofbyattheendofbytheendofbringsthtoancometoan（使）makeboth)endsmeetintheendonendendupend以…结束/eg:TheyearisatanThemeetingcametoanYoucantryyourbesttoimpresstheinterviewersbutintheendit’softenjustaquestionofluck.Theirstruggleendedinfailure.anumber alarge/great/goodnumberagreatgood +agoodfewquiteamanymorethan+单数可数名词+agreat/gooddealagreat/largeamountofquitealittlealot/lots+agreat/typlentyties+eg:AnumberofproblemshaveWehavehadanenormousamountofhelpfrompeople.Theyspentagreatdealofmoneyonthisproject.ItseemedasiftheworldwasatanItItseemstosb)thatasif…（来说）似乎…，asifseemtobe/like+n.似乎…，好像seemto ngsth/tohavedone好像正在做/seem(tobe)+n./adj. Thereseemsto 好像有eg:Itseemsthattheyknowwhatthey’reItalwaysseemedasiftheywouldgetmarried.Iseemtohaveleftmybookathome.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithout1…wereleftwithoutparents是一 结构，withoutparents是介词短语，作主语补足语，2leave作使役动词，意为“（留下，剩下…）使…处于某状态”。构成的句式为：leavesthsb宾补（现在分词，过去分词，不定式，介词短语，副词，形容词eg:IwentoutandleftthedoorSheleftmewaitingintherainforanhour.Thebombblastleft25peopledead.---What---Oh,abeeappearedonKate’sdress,andher ofcryscaredA. B. C. D.TheaudiencewaiteduntilShenzhouⅦtouchedthegroundand apburst B.burstC.burst D.burstAftertheearthquake,wecansee oftheA. B. C. D.Thispairofshoesdoesn’tfitme.My A. B. C. D.用injure，hurt，woundHowmanypeople intheWhathe meThesoldier inthedeepdownintheearth,the srottedawayandbecame B.C.To D.HavingIshallmakemy onthismatterwhenIseethe B.C. D.heisnganoperationonthepatient,pleasedon’tdisturbRight B.RightC.Inno D.AtItsnowedheavilyforthree andwewereseparatedfromtheoutsideinthe B.bytheC.on D.atthe childrenwhoseparentshaddiedintheearthquake senttolivewithfamiliesinotherAgreatnumberof;Agreatnumberof;Thegreatnumberof;Thegreatnumberof;Thenumberofstudentsinour about30,000 themstudyis;alargeamount B.are;anumberC.are;largeamount D.is;alargenumberItissaidthatthere’smillionsofcamelsinandofthemisstillincreasing.the B.theC.the D.aManyparentsdiedinWenchuanearthquake,theirchildrenorphans. B.C. D.Unit5NelsonMandela—amoderndevote,vote,equal,devote,vote,equal,escape,reward,outofwork,turnto,setup,thefirst vt.devotedevoteoneselfto 把…用于 bedevotedeg:Shedevotedherselftohercareer.Theyaredevotedtotheirchildren.Herdevotiontothejobleftherwithverylittle vt.&vi.投票， voteforvoteforvoteagainstvoteonvoteput…totheeg:DidyouvotefororagainstHewasvotedthemostpromisingnewdirector.Thenwaspassedby6votesto3.注：votefor表示“投票赞同”；voteagainst表示“投票”，类似结构还有“befor/foragainst v. AAequalsB A在…方面比得上beequalto+n ngsth等于；与…相等；有…的能力（勇气、力量等）bewithoutequalhavenoequal eg:WithhislastjumpheequalledtheworldThereisanequalnumberofboysandgirlsintheHeisayerwithoutbeequaltosthbesimilartotobewithsthbeindifferenttosthbekindtosbbepolitetobefriendlyto/同…为对对对… v.&n.逃脱；逃生；escapefromescapefromescapedeathescapeone’snoticenarrow从…eg:ShemanagedtoescapefromtheburningHewasluckytoescapepunishment.Hisnameescapesme.注：escape后接动词时，要用其-ing n.，奖 asasarewardforinrewardrewardsbforsthrewardsbwith作为（对某事的/ngsth为（做）reward给予