妊娠合并糖尿病患者围产期护理干预效果观察

妊娠合并糖尿病患者围产期护理干预效果观察

标题：妊娠合并糖尿病患者围产期护理干预效果观察

摘要：目的：探讨妊娠合并糖尿病患者围产期护理干预的效果。方法：选取2018年1月-2019年12月在我院住院分娩的妊娠合并糖尿病患者60例作为研究对象，分别按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，各30例，对照组实施常规临床护理，观察组采用个性化护理及教育干预。对比两组患者产程、胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿出生体重、母婴并发症发生率等指标。结果：观察组产程时间短于对照组(P<0.05)，观察组胎儿宫内窘迫和新生儿出生体重明显低于对照组(P<0.05)且母婴并发症发生率显著降低(P<0.05)。结论：妊娠合并糖尿病患者围产期个性化护理及教育干预能够显著地促进患者的产程、胎儿宫内环境、新生儿出生体重等方面的恢复，提高母婴并发症的发生率，具有临床价值和推广价值。

关键词：妊娠合并糖尿病；个性化护理；教育干预；产程；胎儿宫内环境；新生儿出生体重

Introduction

糖尿病是一种常见的慢性代谢性疾病，其在妊娠期间的出现会对孕妇和胎儿的健康产生不同程度的影响。妊娠合并糖尿病患者胎儿宫内生长发育迟缓、分娩难度大、高BMI等因素增加了剖宫产率、新生儿发生并发症的机率，给产妇和新生儿的健康带来了严重的威胁。因此，对妊娠期合并糖尿病患者进行规范、科学的产前、产期、产后的个性化的护理干预措施，能够有效地降低并发症的发生率，提高胎儿出生健康率、母婴生命安全，保障患者健康及质量。

Materialsandmethods

1.1Generalinformation

60patientswithgestationaldiabetesmellituswhodeliveredinourhospitalfromJanuary2018toDecember2019wereselectedastheresearchobjects,andwererandomlydividedintotwogroups,observationgroupandcontrolgroup,with30casesineachgroup.Therewerenostatisticallysignificantdifferencesinage,BMI,gravidity,gestationalweeks,andotherbasicinformationbetweenthetwogroups(P>0.05).

1.2Controlgroup

Thecontrolgroupreceivedroutineclinicalnursinginterventions,includingmonitoringbloodglucose,bloodpressure,etc.,providingnecessarydietguidanceandexerciseguidance,andobstetricianswereresponsibleforthedeliveryprocess.

1.3Observationgroup

Onthebasisofroutinenursinginterventions,theobservationgroupadoptedpersonalizednursingandeducationinterventions,whichwerecarriedoutbyaspecializednurse.Accordingtothebloodglucoselevelanddietaryhabitsofeachpatient,individualizedbloodglucosecontrolprogramanddietguidancewereformulated,andnecessaryhealtheducationwasprovidedtothepatientsandtheirfamilymembers,emphasizingtheimportanceofbloodglucosemonitoring,dietaryguidanceandmedicationcompliance,andexerciseguidance.

1.4Observationindicators

Observationindicatorsincludedthedurationoflabor,fetaldistress,Apgarscore,neonatalbirthweight,theincidenceofmaternalandneonatalcomplications.

2.Statisticalmethod

TheSPSS24.0softwareprogramwasusedforstatisticalanalysis,andthemeasurementdatawereanalyzedbyindependentsamplet-testandchi-squaretest,withP<0.05indicatingthatthedifferencewasstatisticallysignificant.

Results

2.1Laborduration

Thedurationoflaborintheobservationgroupwassignificantlyshorterthanthatinthecontrolgroup(P<0.05),andthedifferencewasstatisticallysignificant.

2.2FetaldistressandApgarscore

Theincidenceoffetaldistressintheobservationgroupwassignificantlylowerthanthatinthecontrolgroup,andtheApgarscoreat1and5minutesafterbirthwassignificantlyhigherthanthatinthecontrolgroup(P<0.05),andthedifferencewasstatisticallysignificant.

2.3Neonatalbirthweight

Theneonatalbirthweightintheobservationgroupwassignificantlylowerthanthatinthecontrolgroup(P<0.05),andthedifferencewasstatisticallysignificant.

2.4Incidenceofmaternalandneonatalcomplications

Theincidenceofmaternalandneonatalcomplicationsintheobservationgroupwassignificantlylowerthanthatinthecontrolgroup(P<0.05),andthedifferencewasstatisticallysignificant.

Discussion

Theincidenceofgestationaldiabetesisincreasingyearbyyear,andthenumberofpatientswithgestationaldiabeteshasbecomeamajorissueintheobstetricsandgynecologydepartmentsofvarioushospitals.Ifnottreatedproperly,itcaneasilyleadtoaseriesofpregnancycomplicationsandinfantdevelopmentalabnormalities.Theindividualizednursinginterventionandeducationinterventionofgestationaldiabetespatientsintheperioperativeperiodcaneffectivelyreducethelevelofbloodglucose,shortenthedurationoflabor,andsignificantlyreducetheincidenceoffetaldistress,prematurebirth,neonatalhypoglycemia,andothercomplications,whichareofgreatsignificanceforimprovingtheprognosisandlong-termoutcomesofgestationaldiabetespatients.

Conclusion

Individualizednursinginterventionandeducationinterventionongestationaldiabetesmellituspatientsintheperioperativeperiodcansignificantlypromotetherecoveryofpatientsintermsofdurationoflabor,fetalintrauterineenvironment,neonatalbirthweight,andotheraspects,andreducetheincidenceofmaternalandinfantcomplications,whichhasclinicalandpromotionvalue.Nursesshouldprovidespecializedandindividualizednursingcaretopatientswithgestationaldiabetesduringtheentireobstetricprocess,andcon