2023年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案

2023年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学历年高频考题黑钻摘选版附带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题AluxuryexpresstrainjumpedthetracksonabridgeineasternIndia,killingatleast50onthespot.AccordingtotheNorthernRailwayspokesman,thedeath（）isexpectedtorise.问题1选项A.tollB.figureC.spanD.yield2.单选题Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（）withthelawwillbepunished.问题1选项A.complyB.concealC.consentD.abide3.单选题Thebookmightwellhave（）haditbeenlessexpensive.问题1选项A.workedoutB.gonethroughC.fittedinD.caughton4.单选题Anunidentifiedwitoncesaid,“laugh,andtheworldlaughswithyou.Snore,andyousleepalone.”Yetsnoringisfarfromalaughingmatter,asthoseunfortunateswithgoodhearing,whoarerightlysubjectedtothesoundsofthesnoringdisorder,willtestify.IthasbeenestimatedthatoneofeightAmericanssnores:thismeansthatthereareapproximately21millionpeople—womenaswellasmen—whorenderanunpleasantsoundwhentheyareasleep.Andassumingthateachsnorerdisturbsthesleepofatleastoneotherperson,itnecessarilyfollowsthatthereare21millionunhappylisteners.Whileasleepingpersonbreathes,eitherinorout,severalstructuresinhisnoseandthroatgeneratethesnoring.Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.Whenthesofttissuesofthemouthandthroatcomeclosetotheliningofthethroat,thevibrationsthatoccurarecausedbythepositionofthetongue.Inshort,thenoisemadebysnoringcanbecomparedtothenoisewhenbreezesflutteraflagonapole.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.Althoughitisusuallytheprocessofinhalingorexhalingthroughthemouththatcausesnoring,shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.Inallfairnesstosnorers,however,itshouldbeemphasizedthatsnoringisaninvoluntaryoutwhichstopsastheoffenderisawakened.1.Thesnoringiscausedby（）.2.Ifapersonproducesshortsnores,mostprobablyhehas（）.3.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthesnorersis（）.问题1选项A.thesoftpalateandotherstructuresofthethroatB.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughthenoseC.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughmouthD.thevibrationsasaresultoftheinflowingandoutflowingair问题2选项A.asoftpalateB.abignoseC.anopenmouthD.asmallthroat问题3选项A.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.B.boththelistenersandthesnorerswishtostoptheoffensivesoundofsnoring.C.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthepositionofthetongue.D.Therearemorementhanwomenwhosnore.问题4选项A.objectiveB.subjectiveC.sympatheticD.annoyed5.单选题Itooksomeoneelse’sbook（）mistake.问题1选项A.inB.forC.withD.by6.写作题Whydoyouthinksomepeopleareattractedtodangeroussportsorotherdangerousactivities?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan200words.7.单选题Povertyisnot（）inmostcitiesalthough,perhapsbecauseofthecrowdedconditionsincertainareas,itismorevisiblethere.问题1选项A.rareB.temporaryC.prevalentD.segmental8.单选题Anyonewhotrainsanimalsrecognizesthathumanandanimalperceptualcapacitiesaredifferent.Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.Theothersensesarelargelyancillary;mostofusdonotknowhowwemightgoabouteitherdoubtingorbelievingournoses.Butfordogs,scentingisbelieving.Adog’snoseistooursasthewrinkledsurfaceofourcomplexbrainistothesurfaceofanegg.Adogwhodidcomparativepsychologymighteasilyworryaboutourconsciousnessorlackthereof,justasweworryabouttheconsciousnessofasquid.Wewhotakesightforgrantedcandrawpicturesofscent,butwehavenolanguagefordoingittheotherwayabout,nowaytorepresentsomethingvisuallyfamiliarbymeansofactualscent.Mosthumanscannotknow,withtheirlimitednoses,whattheycanimagineaboutbeingdeaf,blind,mute,orparalyzed.Thesightedcan,forexample,speakofablindpersonas“inthedarkness,”butthereisnocorollaryexpressionforwhatitisthatweareinrelationshiptoscent.Ifwetriedtocoinwords,wemightcomeupwithsomethinglike“scent-blind.”Butwhatwoulditmean?Itcouldn’thavethesortofmeaningthat“color-blind”and“tone-deaf”do,becausemostofushaveexperiencedwhat“tone”and“color”meaninthoseexpressions,butwedon’tknowwhat“scent”meansintheexpression“scent-blind.”Scentformanyofuscanbeonlyatheoretical,technicalexpressionthatweusebecauseourgrammarrequiresthatwehaveanountogointhesentenceswearepromptedtoutteraboutanimals,tracking.Wedon’thaveasenseofscent.Whatwedohaveisasenseofsmell—forThanksgivingdinnerandskunksandanumberofthingswecallchemicals.SoifFidoandIaresittingontheterrace,admiringtheview,weinhabitworldswithradicallydifferentprinciplesofphenomenology.Saythatthewindistoourbacks.Ourworldliesallbeforeus,withina180degreeangle.Thedog’s—well,wedon’tknow,dowe?HeseesroughlythesamethingsthatIseebuthebelievesthescentsofthegardenbehindus.Hemarksthepathoftheblack-andwhitecatasshemovesamongtherosesinsearchofthebitsofchickensandwichIletfallasIwalkedfromthehousetoourpicnicspot.IcanshowthatFidoisalerttothekitty,butnothow,formypicture-makingmodesofthoughttooeasilysupplyfalsifyinglyliteralrepresentationsofthecatandthegardenandtheirmodesofbeinghiddenfromorrevealedtome.1.Thephrase“Theothersensesarelargelyancillary”(Paragraph1)isusedbytheauthortosuggestthat（）.2.Theexampleinthelastparagraphsuggeststhat“principlesofphenomenology”mentionedinParagraph3canbestbedefinedas（）.3.Themissingphraseintheincompletesentence“Thedog’s—well,wedon’tknow,dowe?”refersto（）.4.Theexampleinthelastparagraphisusedtoillustratehow（）.问题1选项A.onlythoseeventsexperienceddirectlycanbeappreciatedbythesensesB.formanyhumanbeingsthesenseofsightistheprimarymeansofknowingabouttheworldC.smellisinmanyrespectsamorepowerfulsensethansightD.peoplerelyonatleastoneoftheirothersensesinordertoconfirmwithwhattheysee问题2选项A.rulesoneusestodeterminethephilosophicaltruthaboutacertainthingB.behaviorscausedbycertainkindsofperceptionC.waysandmeansofknowingaboutsomethingD.effectofsingleindividual’sperceptiononwhatothersbelieve问题3选项A.colorblindnessB.perceptionoftheworldC.concernforourperceptionD.depthperception问题4选项A.adog’sperceptiondiffersfromahuman’sB.peoplefearnaturebutanimalsarepartofitC.adog’swaysofseeingaresuperiortoacat’sD.phenomenologyisuniversalandconstant9.单选题Nobodyknowswhattriggeredtheevent,which（）amillioncubicmetersofwaterpersecond,obliteratingthebarrierbetweenBritainandFrance.问题1选项A.relievedB.releasedC.restoredD.retained10.单选题Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（）populatedareas.问题1选项A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.highly11.单选题Henrylookedverymuch（）whenhewascaughtcheatinginthebiologyexam.问题1选项A.discouragedB.embarrassedC.disappointedD.bewildered12.单选题Thesenatoragreesthathissupportoftheactionwould（）hischancesforreelection.问题1选项A.obscureB.mystifyC.jeopardizeD.distinguish13.单选题RiteofPassageisagoodnovelbyanystandards:（）itshouldrankhighonanylistofsciencefiction.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.consequentlyC.invariablyD.fortunately14.单选题UnlessyoulivedthroughtheEisenhowerera,itmaybehardtoimaginetheimpactoftheon-screensightofsneeringhigh-schoolstudentschallengingadultswithswitch-blades.Butin1950sAmerica,killingwasstillseenassomethingrareandhorrible,somethingdonebysoldiersinbattle,bylawmen,bygangsters,orbytheoccasionalpsychopath.Homicidesinmovies,eventhoseconsideredviolent,wereinfrequent.Thosefilmspresentedjuveniledelinquencymoreasthethreadofrebellionanddisobediencethanofoutrightviolence.TheideaofAmericanteenagersaskillerswasbeyondcompression.Thechangein1957whenawaveofteen-street-gangkillinginNewYorkCity(22inthefirstsixmonthsoftheyear)spurredtheemergencydeploymentofsixhundredPoliceAcademycadetsinawaronteenstreetcrime.Thoughteenviolencesoonlostitsplaceinnewsheadlinestoothercrises,itdidnotgoaway.Thirty-fiveyearslaterAmericaisinthegripofaviolenceepidemicthathastransformedthecountryintooneofthemostdangerousnationsonearth.Thenationalhomiciderate,correctedforpopulationgrowth,increasedalmostexactly100percentfrom1950to1990.Inmajorcitiestheincreasehasbeenmuchhigher.InLosAngelesCountythe1953homicidetotalwas82.In1992,withapopulationalmostdoubled,thetotalwas2,512一anincreaseofover1,000percent.Thesearestaggeringincreasebyanymeasure,withtheone-yeartollforL.A.CountyexceedingthedeathsinoverfifteenyearsofconflictinNorthernIreland.Youthcrimeaccountsforadisproportionatenumberofthesekillings.That’smorethantwicethenumberrecordedadecadeearlier,reflectingthefact,accordingtoFBIreports,thatthenumberofyouthswhocommittedmurderwithgunswasup79percentinonedecade.Clearlysomethinghasgonehorriblywrong.Inlookingforarootcause,oneofthemostobviousdifferencesinthesocialandculturalfabricbetweenpost-WorldWarIIandpre-WorldWarIIAmericaisthemassiveandpervasiveexposureofAmericanyouthtotelevision.Sincethe1950s,behavioralscientistsandmedicalresearchershavebeenexaminingscreenviolenceasapossiblecausativeelementinAmerica’sspiralingviolentcrimerate.Thereiscompellingevidenceofadirect,demonstrablelink.HomicidehasbecomethesecondleadingcauseamongAfrican-Americanyouth.In1992theUSsurgeongeneralcitedviolenceastheleadingcauseofinjurytowomenaged15to44,andtheUSCentersforDiseaseControlconsiderviolenceapublichealthissue,tobetreatedasanepidemic.1.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat（）.2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?3.Amajorreasonforyouthcrimeincreaseis（）.4.Itisafact,in1992,that（）.5.Theword“spiraling”（Para.5）iscloseinmeaningto（）.问题1选项A.fromthe1950sonhigh-schoolstudentshavebeenathreattothesafetyofadultsB.inthe1950sonlysomegun-menusedgunasweaponsC.itwasinthelate1950sthatviolencewasfrequentD.youthcrimebeganinthe1950s问题2选项A.Thereweremorethan22killingsofteenagersinNewYork,in1957.B.Thewaveofteenmurderurgedpolicementotakeaquickaction.C.ViolencewassoemergentthatevensixhundredstudentsofPoliceAcademywereturnedtoforhelp.D.SixhundredstudentsofPoliceAcademywereinvolvedinthestreetcrime.问题3选项A.populationgrowstoomuchB.youngpeopleareexposedtoomuchtoscreenviolenceC.violenceisapublicissueD.theeconomicbackground问题4选项A.populationinLosAngeleswasof2,512peopleB.homicidetotaled352inLosAngelesC.homicideroseupto2,512inLosAngelesD.populationinLosAngeleswasover1,512问题5选项A.movingB.changingC.risingD.falling15.单选题Ifbusinessmenaretaxedtoomuch,theywillnolongerbemotivatedtoworkhard,withtheresultthatincomesfromtaxationmightactually（）.问题1选项A.shrinkB.delayC.disperseD.sink16.单选题Asasalesman,heworksona(n)（）basis,taking10%ofeverythinghesells.问题1选项A.incomeB.commissionC.salaryD.pension17.单选题Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.问题1选项A.incredibleB.inevitableC.incredulousD.indifferent18.单选题Youarenotallowedtotakeasecondjob（）youremployergivesyoupermission.问题1选项A.unlessB.solongasC.otherwiseD.whereas19.单选题Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto（）theweightofthebuilding.问题1选项A.idealizeB.subsideC.initiateD.sustain20.单选题Theyhadplannedtogooutingthisweekend,buttheyfinallyhadto（）itbecauseoftherainyweather.问题1选项A.cancelB.eliminateC.delayD.prolong第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。toll“伤亡人数，代价”；figure“数字，图形”；span“跨度，范围”；yield“产量，收益”。句意：一辆豪华特快列车在印度东部一座桥上脱轨，造成至少50人当场死亡。据北方铁路发言人表示，死亡人数预计还会上升。deathtoll表示“死亡人数”，符合句意。所以选项A正确。

2.【答案】A【解析】动词搭配。complywith“遵守,顺从”;conceal“隐藏,隐瞒”;consent“同意,赞成”;abide“持续,忍受”。句意:不用说,拒绝遵守法律的人都将受到惩罚。选项A符合句意。

3.【答案】D【解析】动词短语含义辨析。workout“解决,算出,实现”;gothrough“检查,通过”;fitin“适应,适合”;catchon“理解,变得流行”。句意:如果这本书不那么贵的话,可能会很流行。选项D符合句意。

4.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段“Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.”这些声音来自于软腭和喉咙的其他柔软结构，是由流入和流出的空气的振动反应引起的。选项D符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.”张开嘴睡觉的人鼾声短促。选项C正确。3.信息推断题。根据原文可知，打鼾是一种无意识的行为，所以选项A错误；根据原文“Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.”可知选项C错误；选项D在文中没有提及。所以只有选项B正确。4.态度判断题。结合文章内容可知，作者全文都是在客观的描述人们打呼噜的这个问题以及产生的原因和影响，没有掺杂个人情绪，所以选项A正确。5.【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。bymistake为固定短语,意为“错误地,由于差错”。句意:由于差错,我拿了别人的书。所以选项D正确。

6.【答案】WhyPeopleAreAttractedtoDangerousSports?7.【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。prevalent普遍的，流行的；segmental部分的，分段的。句意：尽管贫困在大多数城市并不普遍，或许是由于某些地区很拥挤，贫困才更为明显。选项C符合句意。

8.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据上文“Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.”对大多数人来说，眼见为实，尽管我们偶尔会思考是否能相信自己的眼睛。然后作者紧接着提及“othersensesarelargeancillary”其他感官主要是辅助。由此可知，作者是主要是强调，视觉是认识世界的主要方式，选项B正确。2.信息推理题。最后一段作者将自己和狗狗进行对比，虽然他们看到的世界是大致相同的，但狗狗还可以通过嗅觉感知周围的世界，而人类主要是依靠视觉，这说明“现象学原理”指的是一种了解某事的方式和方法。选项C正确。3.信息推断题。根据上文“Saythatthewindistoourbacks.Ourworldliesallbeforeus,withina180degreeangle.”风吹到我们的背上，世界平行的呈现在我们面前。这是我们感知世界的一种方式，而狗狗同样也能以这种方式感知到世界，所以选项B符合原文。4.信息归纳题。根据最后一段的内容可知，狗狗可以通过嗅觉标记出猫在花园中寻找食物的路径，而作者只能通过视觉来寻找。由此可知，说明狗与人感知世界的方式是不同的。选项A符合原文。9.【答案】B【解析】形近词词义辨析。relieve“解除,减轻”;release“释放,发射”;restore“恢复,修复”;retain“保持,记住”。句意:谁也不知道是什么引发了这次事件,它每秒释放一百万立方米的水,冲毁了英法之间的屏障。选项B符合此处语境。

10.【答案】A【解析】副词词义辨析。表示人口密集应该用densely，所以选项A正确。

11.【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。discouraged“气馁的”;embarrassed“尴尬的”;disappointed“失望的,沮丧的”,bewildered“困惑的”。句意:当Henry在生物考试中因为作弊被抓时,他显得非常尴尬。选项B符合句意。

12.【答案】C【解析】近义词词义辨析。obscure“使模糊不清,掩盖”;mystify“使迷惑,使困惑”;jeopardize“危及,危害,使陷危地”;distinguish“区分,辨别,使杰出”。句意:参议员承认他支持这次行动会影响他再次获选的机会。选项C符合语境。

13.【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。consistently“一致地,一贯地”;consequently“因此,所以”;invariably“总是，不变地”;fortunately“幸运地”。句意:无论以何种标准来衡量，《成人礼》都是一部优秀的小说:因此，它应该排在任何科幻小说的前列。前后构成因果关系，所以选项B正确。

14.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知没有提及高中生对成年人的安全构成威胁,所以选项A错误;选项B在文中也没有提及;根据二三段的内容,在20世纪50年代的美国很难想象青少年犯罪,然而确实发生了,“TheideaofAmericanteenagersaskillerswasbeyondcompression.”由此可以推断,选项D正确。原文主要说的是青少年犯罪而不是暴力,所以选项C不正确。2.事实细节题。根据第三段第二句“Thechangein1957...teenstreetcrime.”1957年,纽约市发生了一起青少年街头帮派杀人事件(今年前6个月有22起),促使600名警察学院学员紧急部署,以打击青少年街头犯罪。所以选项D错误。3.事实细节题。根据最后一段“Sincethe1950s,behavioralscientists...demonstrablelink.”自20世纪50年代以来,行为科学家和医学研究人员一直在研究银幕暴力,认为它可能是美国不断上升的暴力犯罪率的原因之一。有令人信服的证据表明,两者之间存在直接的联系。所以选项B正确。4.细节推理题。根据第四段倒数两句“InLosAngelesCounty...ofover1,000percent.”1953年洛杉矶县共有82个杀人犯。1992年,杀人犯总数达到2512,几乎翻了一番——增加超过1000%。选项C正确。5.词义理解题。根据原文句意可知,“spiraling”指急剧增长的。选项C与之意思相近。15.【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。shrink收缩，减少；delay延期，耽搁；disperse分散，传播；sink下沉。句意：如果对商人征税过多，他们将不再有努力工作的动力，结果是税收收入实际上可能会减少。选项A符合语境。

16.【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。根据下半句句意：从他销售的每件商品中抽取10%。由此推断，填空处应该指佣金，所以选项B正确。pension指退休金，抚恤金。

17.【答案】C【解析】形近词词义辨析。incredible“难以置信的,惊人的”;inevitable“必然的,不可避免的”;incredulous“怀疑的,不轻信的”;indifferent“漠不关心的,中立的”。句意:他听到这个意外的消息时很不相信,但我最终还是让他相信了。选项C符合语境。

18.【答案】A【解析】连接词的运用。unless“除非,如果不”;solongas“只要”;otherwise“否则,不然”;whereas“然而,鉴于,反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允许,否则你不能从事第二份工作。选项A符合句意。

19.【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。idealize“理想化”;subside“平息,减弱”;initiate“开始,创始,发起”;sustain“维持,支撑,承担”。句意:大楼倒塌了,因为地基不够坚固,承受不了大楼的重量。选项D符合句意。

20.【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。cancel“取消,撤销”;eliminate“消除,排除”;delay“延期,耽搁”;prolong“延长,拖延”。句意:他们原计划这个周末去郊游,但由于下雨,最后不得不取消了。选项A符合句意。

第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthetactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoredmatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong.etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone'sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason—aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（）.2.Fromdiepassagewecaninterthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose（）.3.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（）.4.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof（）.问题1选项A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual'sfunctionisnegligibleB.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesocietyC.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothlyD.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly问题2选项A.whoareatthebottomofthesocietyB.whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitorsC.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworldD.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus问题3选项A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestorsB.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployeesC.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialitiesD.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted问题4选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.tolerance2.单选题ThemainroadthroughLittleburywasblockedforthreehourstodayafteranaccident（）twolorries.问题1选项A.involvingB.includingC.combiningD.containing3.单选题Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.问题1选项A.urgentB.hastyC.instantD.prompt4.单选题Makingprivatephonecallsontheofficephoneisseverely（）oninourcountry.问题1选项A.criticizedB.regardedC.objectedD.frowned5.单选题Itwilltakeustwentyminutestogettotherailwaystation,（）trafficdelays.问题1选项A.affordingB.accountingforC.allowingforD.acknowledging6.单选题Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.问题1选项A.decomposedB.denouncedC.detachedD.deduced7.单选题Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirown（）identity.问题1选项A.discreetB.discreteC.separatedD.isolated8.单选题Ofallthewilddogs,noneismorecloselyrelatedtothe（）dogthantothewolf.问题1选项A.domesticatedB.barkingC.lazyD.running9.单选题A(n)（）entrepreneurwillseeksuccessfartherafieldandwillriskmoreintheresearchthanhismoretimidcompetitors.问题1选项A.adventurousB.progressiveC.aggressiveD.impulsive10.单选题Marydidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas（）inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immortal11.单选题Completesilenceisfoundonlyinlaboratoriescalledanechoicrooms.Thewallsandceilings,madeofblocksofspecialsound-suckingmaterials,aremorethanthreefeetthick,whilefloorcoveringsaresix-footlayersoffeathersorcottonwool.Silenceherecanbeaspainfultotheearsasthedin(continuousloudnoise)ofasteelworksorarocketblast-off,yetscientistsgetusedtothisandstayinthesesilentroomsforhoursatatime,usingmicrophonesandelectronicequipmenttotestthevariousmaterialsbeingdevelopedtomaketheworldalessnoisyplace.Architectshaveusedscientificdiscoveriestosolvenoiseprobleminanumberofways.Wallsarehollowed(havingemptyspaceinside)andthenfilledwithsound-suckingmaterialssimilartocottonwool.Extra-thickcarpetscoverthefloors,andthickwoolencurtainscoverthewindows.Airconditioningandheatingchannelsaremadelessnoisybysound-suckingmaterials．Unfortunately,thesetechniquesandothersoftenworktoowellinsomebuildings.Noise-proofroomsbecomealmostanechoicandpeoplelivinginthemaredisturbedbythelackofsound．Onewayofhandlingthisproblemistousewhattheycall“soundperfume”—artificial(similarlyproduced,madebyman)noiseispipedtoroomsthroughsmallloudspeakers.1.Scientistsuseanechoicroomfor（）.2.Thewriterimpliesthat（）.3.Peoplesufferinanechoicroomsprobablybecause（）.4.Thearticlesuggeststhat（）.问题1选项A.measuringnoiselevelsofsteelworksB.measuringblocksoffeathersC.testingsound-absorbingmaterialsD.testingelectronicequipment问题2选项A.untrainedpeoplecannotstaylonginanechoicroomsB.performingexperimentsinanechoicroomscanbeafrighteningexperienceC.architectsmakepracticaluseoftheinformationgatheredbyscientistsD.scientistsdonotcarefornoiseproblem问题3选项A.theyareallowedtomoveandspeakB.theyareusedlohearingnoisearoundthemC.thegreaterairpressurehurtstheirearsD.alloftheabove问题4选项A.loudspeakersareasimportantassound-proofingmaterialsB.anechoicroomswillbeincludedinallnewbuildingsC.scientificdevicesaresometimestoosuccessfulD.alloftheabove12.单选题Whensheenteredtheroom,thesmellofherperfumeimmediately（）theroom.问题1选项A.distributedB.penetratedC.pervadedD.perished13.单选题Donationsareneededto（）ourchild-careprograms.问题1选项A.implementB.validateC.strengthenD.approve14.单选题Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.问题1选项A.caseB.accordanceC.placeD.charge15.单选题Animportantpropertyofscientifictheoryisitsabilityto（）furtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.问题1选项A.stimulateB.renovateC.arouseD.advocate16.单选题Thedoctortoldmethemedicinecan（）myheadachewithoutdoingmeanyharm.问题1选项A.healB.improveC.cureD..treat17.单选题Asawayof（）themailswhiletheywereaway,theJohnsonsaskedthecleaningladytosendlittleprintedslipsaskingthesenderstowriteagainlater.问题1选项A.pickingupB.copingwithC.passingoutD.gettingacross18.单选题Shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatients—tospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfedbygreaterneeds:theneedtoshelterfrombrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy.Whatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupwho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaformofcancer?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctordenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheillness?Doctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.Attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatient’sownsake.Intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.Asonephysicianwrote:“Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortruth’ssake,andthatis,asfaraspossible‘donoharm’.”Armedwithsuchaprecept,anumberofdoctorsmayslipintodeceptivepracticesthattheyassumewill“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.Buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttoproduceisnowcomingtobedocumented.Studiesshowthat,contrarytothebeliefofmanyphysicians,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth,evenaboutgraveillness,andfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.Wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation,humanelyconveyed,helpspatientscopewithillness.Notonlydoliesnotprovidethe“help”hopedforbyadvocatesofbenevolentdeception,theyinvadetheautonomyofpatientsandrenderthemunabletomakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth.Liesalsodoharmstothosewhotellthem:harmtotheirintegrityand,inthelongrun,totheircredibility.Lieshurttheircolleaguesaswell.Thesuspicionofdeceitundercutstheworkofthemanydoctorswhoarescrupulouslyhonestwiththeirpatients;itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensivemedicine”,andthusitinjures,inturn,theentiremedicalprofession.1.Doctorsthinkthatlyingtotheirpatientsis（）.2.Mostpatientsthinkthatbeingtoldthetruthoftheirillnessmay（）.3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtotheau