语法ron大神sc笔记by mlX是错或反例正确例子

RONSC是错的或反例！（V）SVOpronounmodifierv有不明白的可以去看Ron课都有对应日期或给我留言但是可能不回复大家谅Idioms“It”→technically“Pronounambiguity”(指代不明)isnotanabsoluteGMAT允许pronounambiguitypronounintendedn.平行（看句子成分pronounn.actualn.代替了它，killambiguousespeciallyvs.especially=“toanunusuallyhigherdegree”/“moresothanspecially=doneinaspecialbecauseofVERBing（X）（because+短句/becauseof+capability ngabilitytoVerb-agreement当Asplitinvolvingsingularandpluralinterveningthinkaboutthe lTreatCOMPOUNDSubjectXandYalist(X,YandZ)asyouwouldtreatasinglepluraln.explicitlysplitsthemE.g.JandS→用“they”notbreakuptheRepeatBackwardXisv.S,Backwardconstruction:S.followthee.g.OnthetablearetwocellMeaningproofforsth.proofofProofthat+注意：介词e.g.evidenceofmybrotheractionintended→NEVERactionintendedofprep.(v.ing→是Parallelism;ambiguoussentences;comparisonofBasicIndicatedbyparallelTAGSrequire2TAG:WordsfollowTAGS这些followingwords必须平行（parallel SingleTAGfollowingwordMUSTberighthandparallel决定wordsonlistof3ormoreitems:A,BANDModifiersMainAction（inmainclause)“X,YandZ”→Notaproperlistof3“X,Y,andZ”=alistof3participialphrasesignsused….andNotperfectlyE.g.Theyarguejustasfrequentlyandaboutthesametopicsasthecouple…adv—>modify大部分题都是prettyperfect平行NOTendmodifierswithprep.Therestaurantweateat(X)→therestaurantatwhichweCompareto/e.g:twiceasmuch….compare more/less…compareto…可以和数字/percent2intendedtobecompare（数和数直接比较e.g.ComparedtoGMAT,GREismucheasierThis’syear’sinterestrateis4timecomparedtolastyear(X)TherateinXis4%,comparedto2%inY.“Unlike”comparetotheS.ofprecedingindependentandseparateofoneandthus”→n.+nocomma+tobev.=n.isnottheIDEA是平行的=parallel“FOR”/”TO” Verb.(can,will,do(es),could…notactionV.)助动词平行Whenneed v.inthe2ndhalfof2partparallelsignals(e.g.both…and…/either…tosolveWhereputthehel平行结构中，helv.可以放S.IknowmoreaboutJimthandoesmy(highlyeducated)Adj./modifiers放nn.和n-modifier如果n.followedbyamodifier,helv.放n.+modifier9/30/103troubleexpressions;appositive3troubleBasedModifyan.notthewholeBasedon…,S.+V.S.)→S.S.+V.+O.basedon….N.is/was/are/werebasedonDuebasedueto=caused(X)theobservationdeckwasclosedduetoNon.nexttoBecauseofvs.DueDuetomodify“Becauseof”modifyentiree.g.IwaslatetothemeetingbecauseofthemodifytheprecedinggivealistofSOME,butnotallofthatAppositivemodifiersSetoffbyJusta.N.(/aN.+vs.Iftheappositive，itMUSTmodifytheprecedingN.e.g(aconsultant,areptile)IftheappositiveitcanmodifytheWHOLEideaoftheprecedingclause(e.g.anouting/arelationship)If先行词是抽象的，appositivemodify11/18/10;12/16/10VerbTenseUse“which”modify“WhichBasicModifythen.thatprecedestheN.that YprecedestheN.+prepphrase(介词短语)thatimmedia yprecedesthe可以修饰介词前名词，Ifthecontextorgr r需要的情ItcanonlyjumpoveraprepphrasethatactuallymodifiestheIntendedN.E.g.Itookpicturesin1995,whicharesoadorable…(X)年份不是修饰 Itookpicturesofmydog,whicharesoadorable….(V)Sometimeyouhavesmallintervening whichModifyentireprecedingclausesModifyn.+modifier,ifmodifier不是介词短语CannotjumpoveranentiremodifierwithWhichmodifierand“which”MUSTfollowa“prep+which”mayormaynotfollowae.g.There’saboxwhichcontainsallmypaperworkPossessivefunctionallyAdj.notcanfunctionasn.onlyin主动vs.o语态不是错Abilityto“Like”MUSTfollowan.“As”in对比：shouldfollowbyaclause(S.+Verb)incomparison,notao+aprep.TheweatherishotinNevada,asitisinAsinArizona,theweatherishotinIf2takedifferentidiomsthenBOTHidiomsMustActuallyXiseitherbiggerorsmallerthanYXisgreaterorequaltoY(X)→greaterthanorequalOnlyjudgewordinessrelativetootheranswerCOMMAModifiersmustbeCLOSELY&DirectlyRelatedtotheprecedingMybrothertookextraclasseseverysemesterincollege,graduatingin3years.(V)Mybrotheratefrozenfoodeverymorning,graduatingin3years.(X)LeadtoCannotleadtoaconcreteThisbreakthroughledtocellphonesThisbreakthroughledtothedevelopmentofcellphonesIntentofIfyouhaveaDedicatedN.formofanaction,n.ing”IfNodedicatedN.form,it’sfineDestruction>rising(V)risage/

InitialInitialInitialstartwith–ing(/prep.+ing)→mustdescribethefollowingstartwith→mustdescribetheflowingjustaN.(+modifiers)→mustdescribethefollowingAdj.(+othermodifiers)→mustdescrivethefollowingUnlike/Like+N.(/+modifiers,notclause),+(wholesentencethatstartswiththecomparableN.orpronoun.)Simultaneously&whileAnnual&peryearPercapita&“expectedareportedloss”→suggestthelosswillbereportedby10/20/11MiscellaneousComparisonsComparison lcomparisonsorXislikeY/XisunlikeXdoesY,asZtativeGreaterthan,lessMore…than,as…Halfasmuchas,30%Generalsituationthataren’tli llycomparisons,butthatrequirecomparablethings(samegeneraltypes)ImistookXfor recedXwith ticalythesame ticalrole（语法结构尽可能的相似ThingshavetobelikeeachSameSametype/classofSamesituation/11/17/11Whatis“Whereas”→thingsare“Like”→Acomparedtosomeoneorsth.“Inasmuchas”→limitedtothefollowingor“tothis“Inthesameway”→theexpressionhastomeanwhatitsowillvs.will→actual/probable/reasonablypossibleWillprefer&ascomparedto/comparewith Pronouns→standsforanINTENDEDModifiers→describe我们想说的一些2/16/12Gerund(–ingForms;VerbDifferencebtw.“bytheadoption”and“byBothfunctionasVerbN.areIM AL→don’tconveytheideathatthesubjectisdirectinginvolved.Gerundsgenerallydoconveytheideathatthesubjectisdirectlyinvolvedintheprocess.CanalsobeusedtodescribeaPROCESSperformedbypeople.(FocusisontheActualProcess)E.g.Swimmingisgoodn ntoverb.-->verbissth.Idirectlyntodo→I’mgoingtonforverbing→verbingisthegoal/purposemechanicsoftheE.g.MynformakingmoneyistosellmyGettingVerbedSoadj./adv.3/1/12UseofAndcreatesaparallelstructurebtwTobeEqualinpriority/2ways→causeand…,signifyaproximate/causalrelationshipbtwmainclause&pairandwithotherconnectors(explicittransitionsignifythiskindofCannothaveacommaononlyonesideof What’theintentionoftheCommonsense/realworldThesentence→conveysomesortofunifiesCOMMAdescribepreviousSubjectofthepreviousclauseshouldbethesource/agent/do-eroftheactiondescribedinthe–ingIFmodifierfollowanoun(notaclause),itcanmodifythetouchingN.AssistingXtoVerbEnable&beableto3/15/12UseofIfyouhave介词+疑问代词，needalegitimateclause(S.+FromToAccordingtoE.gOnthecounterisalargebox,inwhicharefound(/youcanfind)mostofmystorecoupons.Touchrule:PutmodifiersasCloseasPossibletothestuffthatit’stalkingaboutDeriveXderivesfromY→Y是Xsource（generalstatementofXisderivedfromY→thisisactually4/26/12“Being”asamodifierNEVERWhenstuffisbeingshovedaroundthesentenceandthere’sasplit(e.g.but),themodifier mustmodifyY.….ButEventhough&but5/10/12IfyouseeadistinctionbtwaN.&awholeclause,askyourselfwhat’sthemessage?是名词还是从句RevealthatXverb…vs.revealTorefertotheWholeideaoftheclause→“that+HistoricaldatashowthatmanymenwereData→showmanIftheactualN.istheTheseoldpicturesshowmaymenwhowereIncreasingvs.increaseIncreasingN.--Increasein→the“increase”notVerbtenseisnotamajorWasremaining→sth.Iwassleewhenthedoorbell一过→isolatedpastPrepphrase+Comma+Prepphrase→describetheentireideaoftheE.g.InLouisiana,hurricanesaresaidtobeamanifestationofGod’sanger.LHurricanesinLouisianaaresaidtobeamanifestationofGod’sanger.只指代LTheN.(that)Subj.Theball(that)IIhittheTheidea/notion10/25/12OverallSentenceStructureSplitbtwModifiers&CoreIfmodifiers(canbeeliminated)eliminated→overallRunon/AlthoughAlthough&But→make“Comma+describethewholethingoftheprecedingImmediateWayinwhichtheprecedingstatementworksorisMorespecificdescriptionofthepreceding2partsshould each12/6/12OverallSentenceEventhoughvs.Although,omodify/describeSPECIFICwords,therightkindofoverallForthingsthatareFor“-“setoffcanemphasizesth./pointoutironyorClarifysentencesinwhichcommasareconfusing/Setoffentiresentenceasdescription(commacanIfonlyonedash,description1/24/13Moreoverallsentencestructure+PronouninThepronounwithinThebookthatIreadityesterdaywasexciting.ThebookthatIreadyesterdaywasParallelShouldbesensibleas“bulletpoints”12/5/13Sentencewithinitialmodifiers每个选项有错12/26/13SentencewithinitialIfasentencesta