【课件】Welcome+Unit+Discovering+useful+structures人教版2019高一英语必修第一册

WelcomeUnitPeriod3DiscoveringusefulstructuresLearningobjectives1.Haveagoodunderstandingofthebasicsentencestructuresandbasiccomponentsofasentence.2.Identifythebasicsentencestructures—SV;SVO;SP;SVIODO;SVOC;SVA;SVOA;Therebe...3.Masterandusethebasicsentencestructuresflexibly.句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。PDOOAC

(subject)SV(verb)(object)

(predicative)

(adverbial)

(directobject)I0

(objectcomplement)(indirectobject)（同位语）appositive（定语）attribute主语状语宾语补足语直接宾语表语宾语间接宾语谓语Thecarrunsfast.Sheiskind.EightisaluckynumberinChina.Swimmingismyfavorite.Toseeistobelieve.Whatweneedistime.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.名词动名词动词不定式代词数词主语从句

it:形式主语1.Findoutthesubjectsinthefollowingsentencesandthinkabouttheirfunctions.主语：句子叙述的主体，动作的发出者。说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语通常是动词。谓语V(verb)2、复合谓语：a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。

HecanspeakEnglish.b.助动词：帮助构成时态和语态，不同时态有不同的助动词,

后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。Theyaretalkingaboutsomething.Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.

Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.TheycanspeakEnglishwell.助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语Helookedaftertwoboys.找出谓语1.Theysawanexhibitionyesterday.2.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.3.Shewantstojointheclub.4.Ienjoyedlisteningtopopularmusic.5.Ithinkheisfitforhisoffice.6.Peoplefinditimportanttogetagoodeducation.7.Hetoldusastory.3.Underlinetheobjects.名词数词动词不定式动名词

宾语从句

形式宾语间接宾语

直接宾语宾语：动作的对象、承受者。宾语由名词，代词，不定式，动名词，从句等或者是相当于名词的词或者是短语充当在动词后方所跟的双宾语中，表示物的叫做直接宾语directobject（简称“直宾”），表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirectobject)。Hereadusthetext.→Hereadthetexttous.Mysisterwrote

mealetter.→Mysisterwrotealettertome.HenryteachesusEnglish.→HenryteachesEnglishtous.Mymotherboughtmeawatch.→Mymotherboughtawatchforme.Hermothermadeheracake.→Hermothermadeacakeforher.

直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject双宾语人是间接宾语，物是直接宾语双宾语：IO+DO4.linking-verbIamhappy.Thedayturnslong.Hegetsangry.Heseemsill.Itremainsamystery.--后跟表语，构成系表结构，表示主语的状态、身份、特征等常见的系动词：1.be动词：am,is,are2.状态类系动词：stay,keep,remain,get等3.感官系动词：feel,smell,taste,sound等4.变化类系动词：get,become,grow,go,turn等5.“看起来，似乎”系动词：seem,look,appear说明主语“是什么”,“怎么样”位于系动词之后Hermotherisateacher.Iamten.Hebecamerichandsuccessful.Everyoneishere.Theyareathomenow.MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.表语predicative（名词）（数词）（形容词）

（副词）（介词短语）（不定式）HisfathernamedhimTerry.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Wesawhimenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Shethinksheragoodteacher.Iwillhavemyhaircuttomorrowmorning.宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词接宾语后，意义仍然不完整，还需要一个句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等，这就是宾语补足语。Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’s

sister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)定语定语是对名词或代词起修饰，限定作用的句子成分。1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

6.Shesatthere,readingabook.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.10.Iamtallerthanheis.时间原因条件地点方式伴随目的结果让步比较状语用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。句子的基本句型英文中基本的句子结构：1.

主+谓(不及物动词)

SV2.主+谓(系动词)+表语

SVP3.

主+谓(及物动词)+宾语

SVO4.主+谓(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语

5.主+谓(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语

SVOCSVIODOSummary

SV

主语+谓语(不及物动词)①此句型中“主语+不及物动词/词组”构成句子的主体部分，不及物动词后不能直接带宾语。注意：有时为了表示发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间等，可以有状语来修饰。例1Classbegins.例3Hermotherhasgoneabroad.例2Therainhasstopped.例4Theredsunriseintheeast.SVSVSVASVAＳＶ（不及物动词）1.Time2.Themoon3.Weall4.They5.He6.He7.Theyflies.rose.eat,anddrink.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterday.isplaying.listenstoclassicalmusic..不及物动词后面不可直接加宾语。如需要加宾语，需要添加介词②SVO

主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语此句型中谓语是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个及物动词，之后可加宾语。例1Youmust

listentoyourteacher.例2Myfather

arrivedinLondonyesterday.例3Heis

laughingatthecrippledwoman.例4I’ll

writeabout

myfootballteaminmyfuturebooks.③SVP

主语+系动词+表语此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。例1Shebecame

asinger.例2Mybrotheris

out

now.例3Breakfastsmells

good.④SVIODO主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语例2IboughtTomabirthdaygift.间接宾语直接宾语例1Ishowedhermyphotos.间接宾语直接宾语常见的可接双宾语的动词有：give,send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant等ＳＶ（及物）ｏ（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）1.She2.She3.He4.He5.I6.I7.I8.Hepassedcookedbroughtboughtshowedgavetoldshowedhimherhusbandyouherhimhimmeanewdress.adeliciousmeal.adictionary.nothing.mypictures.ahand.howtorunthemachine.thatthebuswaslate.⑤

SVOC主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾补才能表达完整的意思。常见的可做宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式,不带to的动词不定式等They

appointedhim

manager.They

painted

the

doorgreen.Thissetthem

thinking.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.Whatmakes

him

thinkso?We

saw

him

out.He

asked

metocomebacksoon.·易混辨析：双宾语与复合宾语的区别·复合宾语中的宾语和它的补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，但双宾语则没有这种逻辑上的主谓关系。WecallhimJack.（宾语him和宾语补足语Jack之间有逻辑上的主谓关系“他就是杰克”)Heboughtherabike.（间接宾语her和直接宾语abike不能形成逻辑上的主谓关系，不能说“她是车”，因此此处为双宾语）主谓宾+状语(SVOA)在主谓宾句型的基础上补充时间，地点，原因，条件，方式等信息。Ihavemyfirstclassatseniorhighschool.状语Therebe…该句型可以表示“某地有(存在)某物”，或当我们不知道是谁有……时，也可用该句型。Therearethreepeopleinmyuncle’sfamily.Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.Thereisn’taboyintheroom.Therearen’tanybooksonthedesk.There’salottoexploreatseniorhigh.There’saboysittingunderthetree.1.The100-year-oldschoolliesinthecentreofthecity.Readthesentencesandanalysethestructures.S主语V谓语A状语2.Wemustact.S主语V谓语3.Themathshomeworklookseasy.S主语P系表4.Theteacherfoundtheclassroomempty.S主语V谓语O宾语C宾补这所有着一百年历史的学校坐落于市中心我们必须行动起来。数学作业看起来挺简单。老师觉得教室空荡荡的。Practice课堂练习5.Mymumboughtmeanewdictionary.6.Tomislookingforwardtomeetingthenewexchangestudent.7.ThereisanEnglishCorneratourschool.8.Wehadchemistryinthenewlybuiltlab