2023年考研考博考博英语四川大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案

2023年考研考博考博英语四川大学考试高频考点参考题库带答案（图片大小可自由调整）答案解析附后第1卷一.综合题(共20题)1.翻译题InGermany,incontrastwithFrance,friendshipismuchmoreclearlyamatteroffeeling,Adolescents,boysandgirls,fromdeeplysentimentalattachments,walkandtalktogether-notsomuchtopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesandfearsanddreamstoformacommonfrontagainsttheworldofschoolandfamilyandtojoininakindofmutualdiscoveryofeachother'sandtheirowninnerlife.Withinthefamily,theclosestrelationshipoveralifetimeisbetweenbrothersandsisters.Outsidethefamily,menandwomenfindintheirclosestfriendsofthesamesexthedevotionofasister,theloyaltyofabrother.Appropriately,inGermanyfriendsusuallyarebroughtintothefamily.Childrencalltheirfather'sandtheirmother'sfriends“uncle”and“aunt”.BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife.ButforGermans,whosefriendshipsarebasedoncommonfeelings,deepdisagreementonanysubjectthatmatterstobothisregardedasatragedy.Liketiesofkinship,tiesoffriendshiparemeanttobeabsolutelybinding.YoungGermanswhocometotheUnitedStateshavegreatdifficultyinestablishingsuchfriendshipwithAmericans.Weviewfriendshipmoretentatively,subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemove,changetheirjobs,marry,ordiscovernewinterests.2.单选题Paintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryears—isthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butdepictedisunchangingthesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.Ifapainting"stops",time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.Iamthinkingoftheimagewithintheframe,thescenewhichisdepicted.Clearlyifoneconsidersanartist'slife-workorthehistoryofart,oneistreatingpaintingsasbeing,partly,recordsofthepast,evidenceofwhathasbeen.Yetthishistoricalview,whetherusedwithinaMarxistoridealisttradition,haspreventedmostartexpertsfromconsidering—orevennoticing―theproblemofhowtimeexists(ordoesnot)withinpainting.InearlyRenaissanceart,inpaintingsfromnon-Europeancultures,incertainmodemworks,theimageimpliesapassageoftime.Lookingatit,thespectatorseesbefore,duringandafter.TheChinesesagetakesawalkfromonetreetoanother,thecarriagerunsoverthechild,thenudedescendsthestaircase.Andthisofcoursehasbeenanalyzedandcommentedupon.Yettheensuingimageisstillstaticwhilstreferringtothedynamicworldbeyonditsedges,andthisposestheproblemofwhatisthemeaningofthatstrangecontrastbetweenstaticanddynamic.Strangebecauseitisbothsoflagrantandsotakenforgranted.Paintersthemselvespractiseapartialanswer,evenifitremainsunformulatedinwords.Whenisapaintingfinished?Notwhenitfinallycorrespondstosomethingalreadyexisting—likethesecondshoeofapair—butwhentheforeseenidealmomentofitbeinglookedatisfilledasthepainterfeelsorcalculatesitshouldbefilled.ThelongorshortprocessofpaintingapictureistheprocessofconstructingthefuturemomentswhenitwillbelookedatInreality,despitethepainter'sideal,thesemomentscannotbeentirelydetermined.Theycanneverbeentirelyfilledbythepainting.Neverthelessthepaintingisentirelyaddressedtothesemoments.Whetherthepainterisahackoramastermakesnodifferencetothe"address"ofthepainting.Thedifferenceisinwhatapaintingdelivers;inhowcloselythemomentofitsbeinglookedat,asforeseenbythepainter,correspondstotheinterestsoftheactualmomentsofitsbeinglookedatlaterbyotherpeople,whenthecircumstancessurroundingitsproduction(patronage,fashion,ideology)havechanged.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?2.Whatdoesthepronoun“it”inthelastlineofthe4thparagraphreferto?3.Whenisapaintingfinishedaccordingtotheauthor?4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat().5.Thebesttitleforthistextmightbe().问题1选项A.Aspecificmomentispreservedthetimeapaintingiscreated.B.Thecontentofapaintingremainsstaticthoughitsimplicationmaykeepchanging.C.Apaintingstopstimeinthatitdepictsamomentofthepastandfixesitwithintheframe.D.AMarxistviewtendstoseeapaintingaschangingallthetime.问题2选项A.Theensuingimage.B.Theproblem.C.ThemeaningofthecontrastD.Thecontrastbetweenstaticanddynamic.问题3选项A.Whenitrealisticallydepictssomethingintherealworld.B.Whentheartistforeseeshowhispaintingwillbereceivedbythepublic.C.Whenthemomentofitsbeinglookedatcorrespondstotheartist’sexpectationofhowit'sgoingtobelookedat.D.Whentheartistcandeterminethemomentwhenitwillbelookedat.问题4选项A.imagesinsomeRenaissancepaintingsmayhotnecessarilybestaticB.paintingsbyahackorbyamasterarethesameinthattheyaddressthesamepeopleC.whetherapaintingisstaticordynamicisdeterminednotbythepainterbutbythosewholookatitD.unlikeapainting,aphotographcanpreserveamoment问题5选项A.PaintingandTimeB.PaintersandTheirWorksC.TheStaticandtheDynamicD.TheHistoryofPaintingasaFormofArt3.单选题Accordingtothelawwhichhelaterproduced,everythingintheuniverseattractseverythingelsetowards（）.问题1选项A.itB.everythingC.itselfD.each4.单选题_____thewhole,earlyAmericancityplanningwasexcellent.问题1选项A.InB.FromC.OnD.Above5.单选题Thesupplyofapplesexceedsthe（）thisyear.问题1选项A.requestB.claimC.requirementD.demand6.单选题Hewill（）resigninviewofthecompletefailureoftheresearchproject.问题1选项A.doubtfullyB.adequatelyC.presumablyD.reasonably7.单选题Puttinginanewwindowwill（）cuttingawaypartoftheroof.问题1选项A.includeB.involveC.containD.comprise8.单选题_____,hedoesnotloveher.问题1选项A.AshelikesherverymuchB.ThoughmuchhelikesherC.MuchalthoughhelikesherD.Muchthoughhelikesher9.单选题I（）thissoup,I（）pepperinit.问题1选项A.amtasting...amtastingB.amtasting...tasteC.taste...amtastingD.taste...havetasted10.单选题Satellitecommunicationsaresoup-to-datethatevenwhen（）inthemiddleofthePacific,businessmencancontacttheirofficesasiftheywerenextdoor.问题1选项A.glidingB.cruisingC.pilotingD.patrolling11.单选题Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor'scare,I（）speakingtoyounow.问题1选项A.wouldnotbeB.wouldnothavebeenC.willnotbeD.willnothavebeen12.单选题Wearenotonverygood（）withthepeoplenextdoor.问题1选项A.friendshipB.relationsC.willD.terms13.单选题Thequalitiesofmyhometown,（）onmeasaboy,hadaprofoundeffectonthephilosophythatdirectedmycareer.问题1选项A.havingimpressedB.impressedC.impressingD.tobeimpressed14.翻译题TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.ThereareseveralthingsworthnotingaboutcognitiveneurosciencethatarealsoreflectedintheArticlesinthisspecialissueofScience.Firstistheideathatdistributedbrainnetworksunderliecomplexbehaviors.Intheearlydaysofthefield,mostneuroscientistsfocusedonindividualbrainregionsandtheirresponses.Thesensorydomainwasparticularlycaptivating;onecould,forexample,appropriatelytalkabouthyper-complexcellsinthevisualsystemthatrespondedtocomersortheexistenceofcorticalcolumnsastheorganizingbasisforneuro-sensoryinput.Itisbecomingclear,however,thattheprocessingofinformationthatleadstocomplexbehaviorssuchaslearningandmemoryinvolvesmultiplebrainregionsthatmustoperateinaninteractiveparallel.15.单选题Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationishatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesiesInanarticleonthenewmanners,MrsHolmessaysthataperfectlyablewomannolongerhastoacthelplesslyinpublicasifshewereamodel.Forexample,shedoesn'tneedhelpgettinginandoutofcars.“Womengetinandoutofearstwentytimesadaywithbabiesanddogs.Surelythecangetoutbythemselvesatnightjustaseasily.”Shealsosaysthereisnoreasonwhyamanshouldwalkontheoutsideofawomanonthesidewalk.Historically,themanwalkedontheinsidesohecaughtthegarbagethrownoutofawindow.Todayamanissupposedtowalkontheoutside.Amanshouldwalkwherehewantsto.Soshouldawoman.If,outofloveandrespect,heactuallywantstotaketheblows,heshouldwalkontheinside—becausethat’swhereattackersareallhidingthesedays.Asfarasmannersareconcerned,IsupposeIhavealwaysbeenasupporterofwomen’sliberation.Overtheyears,outofasenseofrespect,Iimagine,Ihaverefusedtotroublewomenwithoutdatedcourtesies.Itisusuallyeasiertofollowrulesofsocialbehaviorthantodependonone'sowntaste.Butrulesmayhesafelybroken,ofcourse,bythoseofuswiththegiftofnaturalgrace.Forexample,whenamanandawomanareledtotheirtableinarestaurantandthewaiterpullsoutachair,thewomanisexpectedtositinthechair.ThatisaccordingtoMs.AnnClark.Ihavealwaysdoneittheotherway,accordingtomylife.Itcameuponlytheothernight.Ifollowedthehostesstothetable,andwhenshepulledthechairoutIsatonit,quitenaturally,sinceithappenedtobethechairIwantedtositin.“Well,”mywifesaid,whenthehostesshadgone,“youdiditagain.”“Didwhat?”Iasked,utterlyconfused.“Tookthechair.”Actually,sinceI’dwalkedthroughtherestaurantaheadofmywife,itwouldhavebeenawkward,Ishouldthink,nottohavetakenthechair.Ihadgottherefirst,afterall.Also,ithasalwaysbeenmycustomtogetinacarfirst,andletthewomangetinbyherself.ThisiscourtesyIinsistonasthestrongersex,outofloveandrespect.Intimeslikethese,theremightbeattackershiddenabout.Itwouldbeunsuitabletoputawomaninacarandthenshutthedooronher,leavingheratthemercyofsomehadfellowwhomightbehidinginthebackseat.1.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.2.What'stheauthor'sattitudeaboutthewholequestionofmannersandwomen'sliberation?3.Ms.AnnClarkwouldmostprobablyagreethat______.4.Bysaying"youdiditagain"(Para.7),theauthorswifemeansthat______.5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonwhytheauthorgetsintoacarbeforeawoman?问题1选项A.itcanbreakrulesofsocialbehaviorsB.inwomen'sliberationmenarealsoliberatedC.womenarebecomingmorecompetentthanbeforeD.menshouldwalkontheoutsideofapavement问题2选项A.SeriousB.CriticalC.JokingD.Satirical问题3选项A.Ms.Holmes'sopinionsonthenewmannersarejustifiedB.theauthorisamanwiththegiftofnaturalgraceC.oneshouldfollowsocialcustominsteadofhisowntasteD.menandwomenareequalinmostofthesocialevents问题4选项A.theauthorshouldhaveshownhispolitenessbypullingoutthechairforherB.theauthorshouldnothavesatdownbeforeshedidC.theauthorshouldnothavesatinthechairpulledoutbythewaitressD.theauthorshouldhavewalkedbehindher问题5选项A.Heintendstobepolitetothewoman.B.Hedoesthatbyforceofhabit.C.Hewantstoprotectthewomanfromhiddendanger.D.Hethinkswomennowadaysareascapableasmen.16.单选题MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatpowerofthemediumis（）.问题1选项A.grantedB.impliedC.exaggeratedD.remedied17.单选题Thereis（）whatwillhappentothem.问题1选项A.notellingB.nottellingC.nottotellD.nottobetold18.单选题Itwasnotuntilshereturnedhome（）sherealizedshehadalmostwastedtenofhervaluablehours..问题1选项A.andB.whenC.thenD.that19.单选题Hiseighthbookcameoutearlierthisyearandwasa(n)（）bestseller.问题1选项A.swiftB.instantC.timelyD.punctual20.单选题Manyinstructorsbelievethataninformal,relaxedclassroomenvironmentis（1）tolearningandinnovation.Itisnotuncommonforstudentstohave（2）andfriendlyrelationshipswiththeirprofessors.The（3）professorisnotnecessarilyapooroneandisstill（4）bystudents.Althoughstudentsmaybeina(n)（5）position,someprofessorstreatthemas（6）.However,nomatterhow（7）professorswouldliketobe,theystillareinapositionof（8）.Professorsmay（9）socialrelationshipswithstudentsoutsideoftheclassroom,butintheclassroomthey（10）theinstructor’srole.Aprofessormayhavecoffeeonedaywithstudents（11

）thenextdayexpectthemto（12）adeadlineforthe（13）ofapaperortobeprepared（14）adiscussionoranexam.Theprofessormaygive（15

）attentionoutsideofclasstoastudentin（16

）ofhelpbutprobablywillnottreathimorherdifferentlywhenit（17

）evaluatingschoolwork.Professorshaveseveralroles（18

）students;theymaybecounselorsandfriendsaswellasteachers.Studentsmust（19

）thatwhenateacher’srolechanges,theymustappropriately（20

）theirbehaviorandattitudes.问题1选项A.instructiveB.conduciveC.constructiveD.healthy问题2选项A.easygoingB.comfortingC.carefreeD.relaxing问题3选项A.consultativeB.informalC.easyD.casual问题4选项A.despisedB.respectedC.neglectedD.overlooked问题5选项A.inferiorB.minorC.lowD.subordinate问题6选项A.peersB.colleaguesC.friendsD.equals问题7选项A.democraticB.formalC.relaxedD.strict问题8选项A.authorityB.expertC.supervisorD.superior问题9选项A.buildB.setC.getD.establish问题10选项A.sustainB.supportC.maintainD.retain问题11选项A.butB.henceC.neverthelessD.then问题12选项A.matchB.fulfillC.meetD.satisfy问题13选项A.submissionB.presentationC.deliveryD.handing问题14选项A.forB.withC.againstD.of问题15选项A.dueB.extraC.sufficientD.supplementary问题16选项A.questB.needC.searchD.view问题17选项A.getstoB.comestoC.reachesD.touches问题18选项A.withregardtoB.inviewofC.inrelationtoD.withreferenceto问题19选项A.supposeB.suggestC.realizeD.assume问题20选项A.adoptB.adaptC.adeptD.conform第1卷参考答案一.综合题1.【答案】与法国不同,在德国,友谊更注重感觉。青少年,男孩和女骇之间,他们有着很深的情感依赖,总是很亲密地走在一起,与其说是为了彰显各自的聪明才智,不如说是为了分享他们的希望、恐惧和梦想,以此来形成一条对抗学校和家庭生活的统一阵线；来取得来自他们各自和自己内心世界的一些姑且叫共识的东西。在家庭里,长至一生且最密切的是兄弟姐妹之间的关系；在家庭外,人们在同性间最亲密的朋友身上发现如姐妹般的奉献,如兄弟般的忠诚。在德国,朋友经常被带进家庭,孩子们叫他们父母的朋友“叔叔”和“阿姨”。在法国,人们会挑选有着相同见解和观念的人作为朋友,朋友之间会为了生活的空间和态度的分歧激烈的争执。但对于友谊建立在双方共同的感觉的德国人来说,如果在双方都认为重要的问题上产生了尖锐的分歧,那就是极大的不幸。就像亲属关系一样,友谊的纽带是绝对有约束力的。来到美国的年轻德国人很难与美国人建立这样的友谊。我们对友谊的看法更具试探性,随着人们搬家、换工作、结婚或发现新的兴趣爱好,友谊的强度会发生变化。

2.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第三句“Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butdepictedisunchanging.”选项B一幅画的内容保持不变,尽管它的含义可能不断变化,正确。2.根据上一句“...,andthisposestheproblemofwhatisthemeaningofthatstrangecontrastbetweenstaticanddynamic.”这就产生了一个问题：静态和动态之间的这种奇怪对比究竟是什么意思。所以正确答案为D。3.根据第五段的第三句“Notwhenitfinallycorrespondstosomethingalreadyexisting—...—butwhentheforeseenidealmomentofitbeinglookedatisfilledasthepainterfeelsorcalculatesitshouldbefilled.”选项C符合原文。4.根据原文可推断出选项C正确,一幅画是静态的还是动态的不是由画家决定的,而是由观看者决定的。5.根据原文内容可知选项D更符合原文。选项A,B,C都只是其中的一部分。3.【答案】C【解析】考查反身代词的用法。反身代词itself与主语everything形成互指关系，表示向它自身的方向吸引另一物体。选项C符合句意。句意：根据他后来提出的定律，宇宙中的一切事物相互间都彼此吸引。4.【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。onthewhole指大体上、基本上。句意：整体上来看，早期美国城市规划很优秀。5.【答案】D【解析】句意：今年的苹果供不应求。supply供给对应demand需求。选项D更符合。6.【答案】A【解析】undoubtfully无疑地,毫无疑问地；adequately充足地,适当地;presumably据推测，大概,可能,想来;reasonably合情合理地。句意：毫无疑问，由于该研究项目彻底失败,他将辞去职务。7.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。include包括,包含；involve卷入,涉及；contain容纳,牵制；comprise构成。句意:安装一个新窗户需要把屋顶的一部分切掉。include一般用于被动语态,比如sth.includedin...某物包含于其中,所以选项B更符合句意。8.【答案】D【解析】考查让步状语从句。as引导让步状语从句，句子需倒装，所以选项A错误；although和though可互换，但although在句中不需要倒装，所以选项C错误；though在句中需要倒装，但选项B语序不当，所以选项D正确。9.【答案】B【解析】第一个taste是动态动词,表示动作正在进行；第二个taste是感官动词,用原型。

10.【答案】B【解析】gliding滑翔;cruising乘船巡游,巡航,航行;piloting领航,驾驶;patrolling巡查。句意：卫星通信是如此的发达以致于即使是商人在大西洋中间航行也可以联系到他们公司的人,就好像他正在公司的隔壁一样。因此，本题选B。11.【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。从句用过去完成时,主句要用wouldhavedone的形式。这里都是表否定意义,所以选项B正确。句意：如何没有医生的悉心照料,我现在不会站在这儿和你说话。12.【答案】D【解析】on good/bad terms with为固定词组,意思是“和...关系很好/不和”。句意：我们和邻居的关系不是很好。13.【答案】B【解析】考查过去分词短语做定语。填空处句子为插入语，句子结构需完整，所以要用分词或者动名词形成独立主格结构。首先排除选项A和D。impress和me之间为被动关系，所以用分词，选项B正确。句意：家乡的文化特色给童年时代的我留下了深刻的印象，对指导我职业生涯的哲学思想产生了深远的影响。14.【答案】关于神经科学某些方面的事情是值得注意的,而这几个值得关注方面在这一期的《科学》杂志特刊上均有所体现。首先,其中一个观点说的是遍布的大脑网络是构成人复杂行为的基础。在有关这个领域的早期研究中,大多数的神经科学家专注于研究单独的大脑区域及其反应行为。感官领域尤为引人新奇,例如,你可以适当地谈论视觉系统中的复杂细胞,这些细胞对大脑沟回和皮层柱的反应构成了神经感觉输人的基础。无论怎样,有一点是可以肯定的,例如学习和记忆等复杂行为的信息处理过程一定是涉及到多个大脑的区域并且以交互式平行的方式进行运作。

15.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“Oneofthegoodthingsformeninwomen’sliberationisthatmennolongerhavetopaywomentheold-fashionedcourtesies．”对男性来说,妇女解放带来的一个好处就是男人不用遵守尊重妇女的旧式礼节了。由此可知,在妇女解放过程中,男性也得到了解放,所以选项B符合原文。2.从作者的叙述方式看,作者在讨论举止风度以及妇女解放问题时带有调侃语气。例如,在第四段的第二句中,作者说,他拒绝用一些过时的礼节来麻烦女士(事实上对女性表示礼貌恭维谈不上是“麻烦”),而且之所以这样,是出于一种尊敬。又如,在第五段第二句中,作者将自己看作是那些具有“天然风度”(naturalgrace)的男士,而所谓“天然”,却是一切顺其自然,不受社会礼仪规范所约束。由此可以确定选项C为正确答案。3.根据关键词“AnnClark”定位到第五段的后半部分,AnnClark认为当一名男性和一名女性被带到餐桌子前,服务员拿出一把椅子,坐在椅子上的应该是女性。说明AnnClark比较赞同传统的社会行为规则,而作者的做法恰好与其相反,他喜欢顺着自己的意愿。所以选项C符合原文。4.根据原文内容可知,作者坐在那把椅子上的原因是因为那个正是他想坐的椅子,而且他是在妻子的前面到达的,这是作者的一种习惯。所以作者的妻子认为作者不应该按照自己的习惯坐在那把椅子上,所以选项C正确。5.根据原文最后一段内容可知,作者比女性先上车的原因,首先这是他的一个习惯,其次是出于礼貌,爱和尊重,以及保护女性的安全避免受到潜在的袭击。只有选项D不正确。16.【答案】C【解析】granted授予,同意；implied暗示；exaggerated夸张；remedied补救。句意：大多数广播公司认为电视受到了不公正的批评,认为媒体的力量被夸大了。

17.【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnotelling意为：难以预料，很难说。句意：很那说他发生了什么事。

18.【答案】D【解析】本句为强调句,itis/wasnotuntil...that...强调的是直到她回到家的这个时候。句意：直到回到家,她才意识到她几乎浪费了她宝贵的十个小时。19.【答案】B【解析】swift快的，敏捷的，迅速的，立刻的；instant立即的，即时的；timely及时的，适时的；punctual准时的。句意：今年他的第八本书在今年早些时候出版了，并迅速成为畅销书。选项B符合句意。20.【答案】第1题:第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D第6题:D第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:C第11题:A第12题:C第13题:A第14题:A第15题:B第16题:B第17题:B第18题:C第19题:C第20题:B【解析】（1）instructive有教育性的；conducive有益的；constructive有建设性的；healthy健康的。Conduciveto有利于,有助于...原文中的意思是：一个非正式、轻松的课堂环境有利于学习和创新。（2）根据后面的friendly以及全句的意思可知,填空处的意思应该和friendly相近。easygoing随和的；comforting令人欣慰的；carefree无忧无虑的；relaxing放松的。句意：学生与他们的教授有着随和和友好的关系是很常见的。选项A符合原文语境。（3）consultative咨询的,顾问的；informal不拘礼节的；easy舒适的；casual临时的。根据下文的poor可以推测,选项D更符合原文。句意：临时教授不一定是穷教授,仍然受到学生的尊敬。（4）根据上文,学生和教授的关系很友好,即使是临时聘请的教授也会受到学生的尊敬。选项B正确。（5）inferior下等的；minor次要的；low卑贱的；subordinate下属,下级。学生和教授应该是属于下属,下级的关系,所以选D。（6）句意：尽管学生可能处于从属地位,但有些教授对他们一视同仁。peers指平辈,同事；colleagues同行,同事；用在这里都不恰当,选项D正确。（7）democratic民主的；formal正式的,拘谨的；relaxed轻松的；strict严肃的。此处与上文相比进行了转折。上文提到教授和学生之间关系友好随和,然而无论教授们表现得多么轻松,他们依然处于一个权威的地位。（8）authority权威；expert专家；supervisor监督人；superior上级。根据原文：无论教授们表现得多么轻松,他们依然处于一个权威的地位。（9）根据原文可知,这里指建立关系,set表示建立时后面通常接up。build和establish都有建立的意思,但是build含义广泛,可指一切具体或抽象事物的建造或建立。establish侧重于着重稳固地建成,可具体指国家、政府、学校或商店等的建立,也可指信仰、信用、名誉、法律、制度、规则等的建立。原文指建立社会关系,所以用establish更合适。（10）sustain维持,支撑；support支持；maintain和retain都有保持的意思,但retain主要是剩余,剩下的意思。所以选项C更符合。（11）根据原文,前一天教授可能还在和学生一起喝咖啡,但第二天还是希望学生能赶在最后期限提交论文。用but表转折,符合原文。（12）meetadeadline为固定搭配,指赶上最后期限。（13）paper在这里指论文,根据原文,这里应该是指赶上最后期限提交论文。（14）prepareforsth.指为某事做准备。这里指为讨论或者考试做准备。（15）根据下文,当在评估学生学业时可能不会对他或她有所不同,所以这里应该是指额外的关注。due应得的；sufficient充分的；supplementary指补充的。句意：教授可能会在课外给予需要帮助的学生额外的关注,但当在评估学生学业时可能不会对他或她有所不同。（16）inneedofhelp需要帮助。句意：教授可能会在课外给予需要帮助的学生额外的关注。（17）getsto到达,开始；comesto谈到,提及到；reaches达到；touches接触到。选项B符合原文。（18）withregardto关于,至于；inviewof鉴于,考虑到；inrelationto关于,涉及；withreferenceto关于。这里指教授的角色和学生息息相关。所以选项C更恰当。（19）根据原文,学生必须意识到,当教师的角色发生变化时,他们必须适当地改变自己的行为和态度。（20）adopt采取,接受；adapt适应；adept熟练,擅长；conform确认,证实。句意：他们必须适当地改变自己的行为和态度。选项B符合原文第2卷一.综合题(共20题)1.单选题This（）girlisMary'scousin.问题1选项A.prettylittleSwedishB.SwedishlittleprettyC.SwedishprettylittleD.littleprettySwedish2.单选题Thechangingimageofthefamilyontelevisionprovides（）intochangingattitudestowardthefamilyinsociety.问题1选项A.insightsB.presentationsC.revelationsD.specifications3.单选题Usuallynewspapers（）forpeoplewithintellectualinterests.问题1选项A.suitB.furnishC.regardD.cater4.单选题Bylaw,whenonemakesalargepurchase,heshouldhave（）opportunitytochangehismind.问题1选项A.accurateB.urgentC.excessiveD.adequate5.单选题IthinkthatIcommitteda（）inaskingherbecausesheseemedveryupsetbymyquestion.问题1选项A.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal6.写作题Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“HowtoEliminateFakeDiplomas”basedonthefollowinggivenoutlineinChinese.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheAnswerSheet.Outline:1.现在社会上的假文凭屡见不鲜。2.如何杜绝假文凭现象？7.单选题Amongthemanywaysinwhichpeoplecommunicatethroughspeech,publicspeakinghasprobablyreceivedmorestudyandattractedmoreattentionthananyother.Politicianscampaigningforpublicoffice，salespeoplepresentingproducts,andpreachersdeliveringsermonsalldependuponthisformofpubliccommunication.Evenpeoplewhodonotmakespeakingapartoftheirdailyworkareoftenaskedtomakepublicspeeches:studentsatgraduation,forinstance,ormembersofchurches,clubs,orotherorganizations.Nearlyeveryonespeaksinpublicatsometimeorother,andthosewhoperformthetaskwelloftenbecomeleaders.Therearemanyreasonsforspeakinginpublic.Apublicspeakermayhopetoteachanaudienceaboutnewideas,forexample,orprovideinformationaboutsometopic.Creatingagoodfeelingorentertaininganaudiencemaybeanotherpurpose.Publicspeakers,however,mostoftenseektopersuadeanaudiencetoadoptnewopinions,totakecertainactions，ortoseetheworldinanewway.Publicspeakersusuallyknowwellinadvancewhentheyarescheduledtomakeanaddress.Consequentlytheyareabletopreparetheirmessagebeforetheydeliverit.Sometimes,though,speakersmustdeliverthemessageunprepared,oroffthecuff,suchaswhentheyareaskedtoofferatoastataweddingreceptionortoparticipateinateleviseddebateorinterview.Whentheydonothavetospeakunpreparedly,mostspeakerswritetheirownspeeches.Politiciansandbusinessexecutivessometimesemployprofessionalwriterswhopreparetheirforthem.Theseprofessionalwritersmayworkaloneorinsmallteams.Althoughthespeakermayhavesomeinputintothecontentsofthespeech,thewriterssometimeshaveagreatinfluenceovertheopinionsexpressedbytheiremployers.Regardlessofhowaspeechisprepared,thepersonwhodeliversitisgivencreditforitseffectuponitshearers.1.Publicspeakingiswellknowntotheaveragepeoplebecause（）.2.Whichofthefollowingisrarelythepurposeofpublicspeaking?3.Inparagraph4,theexpression“deliverthemessageoffthecuff”means（）.4.Oftenthespeechpreparedbyaprofessionalwriterforaboss（）.5.Nomatterwhowritesaspeech,theaudience（）.问题1选项A.mostofthemhavebeentrainedaspublicspeakersB.mostofthemhavebeenaudienceofsuchactivitiesC.mostofthemhavetodoitwhentheystudyatcollegeD.Thepassagedoesnotmentionthereason问题2选项A.Toinfluencepeople'sideasandbehavior.B.Toenjoythesatisfactionfromone'sownspeech.C.Topersuadetheaudiencetoacceptanidea.D.Topromotepublicinterest.问题3选项A.speakatalargereceptionB.speakontelevisionC.speakaccordingtothescheduleD.speakwithoutpreparation问题4选项A.isveryprofessionalandtactfulB.expressesthewriter’sideaofthematterC.expressestheboss’sideaofthematterD.expressestheideasofboth问题5选项A.believeitexpressedthespeaker'sideaB.knowverywellwhothespeakerisC.knowwhoseideathespeechreallyexpressesD.donotbelievewhatthespeakersays8.翻译题TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.如同人员与货物一样,人的思想观念也可以跨跃大西洋自由地交流,尽管有时会略显迟缓。你在一个新的环境呆上一段时间后就进入了第二阶段——危机阶段,在这个阶段,美好的印象渐渐消失,你会明白必须面对日常生活中的实际问题。在美国人经常光顾的那些欧洲国家,友谊跟其他更随意的人际关系有很大的区别,友谊与家庭生活的关联方式也各不相同。第一阶段是蜜月阶段,在这一阶段中新的经历被视作是生动有趣,令人愉快和富有魅力的。爱中有这样的矛盾：两个人合二为一,却又一分为二。9.单选题（）aresearchstudent,Iwouldatleastmastertwoforeignlanguages.问题1选项A.ShouldIbecomeB.IshouldbecomeC.WouldIbecomeD.HaveIbecome10.单选题Agoodteachermustknowhowto_____hisideas.问题1选项A.conveyB.displayC.consultD.confront11.单选题Esperantoiswhatiscalledaplanned,orartificial,language.ItwascreatedmorethanacenturyagobyPolisheyedoctorLudwikLazarZamenhof.Zamenhofbelievedthatacommonlanguagewouldhelptoalleviatesomeofthemisunderstandingsamongcultures.InZamenhof’sfirstattemptatauniversallanguage,hetriedtocreatealanguagethatwasasuncomplicatedaspossible.Thisfirstlanguageincludedwordssuchasab,ac,ba,eb,be,andce.Thisdidnotresultinaworkablelanguageinthatthesemonosyllabicwords,thoughshort,werenoteasytounderstandortoretain.Next,Zamenhoftriedadifferentwayofconstructingasimplifiedlanguage.Hemadethewordsinhislanguagesoundlikewordsthatpeoplealreadyknew,buthesimplifiedthegrammartremendouslyOneexampleofhowhesimplifiedthelanguagecanbeseeninthesuffixes:allnounsinthislanguageendino,asinthenounamiko,whichmeans"friend,"andalladjectivesendin-a,asintheadjectivebeta,whichmeans"pretty"Anotherexampleofthesimplifiedlanguagecanbeseenintheprefixmal-,whichmakesawordoppositeinmeaning;thewordmalamikothereforemeans"enemy,"andthewordmalbelathereforemeans"ugly"inZamenhofslanguage.In1887,Zamenhofwroteadescriptionofthislanguageandpublishedit.Heusedapenname,Dr.Esperanto,whensigningthebook.HeselectedthenameEsperantobecausethiswordmeans"apersonwhohopes"inhislanguage.EsperantoclubsbeganpoppingupthroughoutEurope,andby1905EsperantohadspreadfromEuropetoAmericaandAsia.In1905,theFirstWorldCongressofEsperantotookplaceinFrance,withapproximately700attendeesfrom20differentcountries.Congresseswereheldannuallyfornineyears,and4,000attendeeswereregisteredfortheTenthWorldEsperantoCongressscheduledfor1914,whenWorldWarIeruptedandforceditscancellation.EsperantohashaditsupsanddownsintheperiodsinceWorldWarI.Today,yearsafteritwasintroduced,itisestimatedthatperhapsaquarterofamillionpeoplearefluentinit.Currentadvocateswouldliketoseeitsusegrowconsiderablyandaretakingstepstotrytomakethishappen.1.Thetopicofthispassageis（）.2.Accordingtothepassage,Zamenhofwantedtocreateauniversallanguage（）.3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheEsperantowordmalesperameans（）.4.Lookattheexpression“poppingup”inParagraph4.Thisexpre