水利水电工程词汇

水利水电工程施工组织设计术语标准施工组织

ConstruetionProgramming1施工组织ConstructionProgramming1施工组织设计Constructionplanning1.1施工组织设计constructionplanning1.2施工措施计划constructionprocedure1.3技术经济分析technicaleconomicalanalysis1.4施工管理constructionmanagement1.5施工准备constructionpreparation1.6施工技术constructiontechnology1.7施工条件constructioncondition1.8施工方案Constructionscheme1.9施工质量constructionquality1.10施工企业constructionfirm1.11施工图constructiondrawing1.12临时工程temporaryfacilities1.13主体工程mainworks1.14结尾工程windingupworks1.15安装工程mechanical-electricequipmentinstallation1.16隐蔽工程concealedworks1.17投产期commissioningdate1.18竣工completion1.19阶段验收stageacceptance1.20竣工验收finalacceptance1.21试运行testrun2施工进度计划Constructionscheduling2.1施工总进度constructionmasterschedule(constructionoverallschedule)2.2形象进度graphicprogress2.3控制性进度criticalschedule2.4施工总工期(工期)constructionperiod(constructionduration)2.5施工进度计划constructionschedule2.6扩大单位工程extendedunitproject1.2.7单位工程unitproject2.8分部工程separatedpartproject2.9分项工程separateditemproject2.10施工强度workingintensity2.11施工有效工日availableworkingdays2.12横道图（甘特图）Ganttchart2.13流水作业法flowoperationmethod2.14平行作业法paralleloperationmethod2.15网络图networkdiagram2.16网络技术networktechnique2.17网络进度networkschedule2.18关键线路法criticalpathmethod（CPM）2.19高峰劳动力peaklabourforce2.20平均劳动力averagelabourforce3施工总平面布置Constructiongenerallayout3.1施工总平面布置（施工总体布置）constructiongenerallayout1.3.2施工交通constructiontransportation3.3场内交通onsiteaccess3.4对外交通siteaccess3.5重大件运输transportofheavy-bigpiece3.6货运量freighttraffictonnage3.7运输强度（货运强度）freighttrafficintensity3.8通行能力trafficcapacity3.9运输能力transportcapacity3.10有轨运输railtransportation3.11无轨运输tracklesstransportation3.12准轨铁路standardgagerailway1.3.13窄轨铁路narrowgagerailway1.3.14铁路专用线constructionrailway1.3.15转运站intermediatedepot1.3.16铁路接轨站trackconnectionstation1.3.17平交道（道口）levelcrossing施工导流ConstructionDiversion2施工导流Constructiondiversion1导流Riverdiversion1.1施工导流constructiondiversion1.2导流方式（导流方法）diversionprocedure1.3导流方案diversionscheme1.4导流时段diversionperiod1.5导流流量标准（导流标准）diversiondischargefrequency1.6初期导流early-stagediversion1.7后期导流late-stagediversion1.8施工期蓄水constructionperiodimpounding1.9断流围堰导流（拦断河床导流，全断面导流）fullriverby-passdiversion1.10分期导流stagediversion1.11渡槽导流aqueductflumediversion1.12明渠导流openchanneldiversion1.13涵洞导流culvertdiversion1.14底孔导流bottomoutletdiversion1.15缺口导流dam-gapdiversion1.16隧洞导流tunneldiversion1.17厂房导流diversionthroughpowerhouse1.18导流孔（洞）封堵pluggingofthediversionopening1.19施工期渡汛floodprotectionduringconstruction1.20拦洪高程retentionstructureelevation1.21风险度degreeofrisk2截流Riverclosure2.1施工截流riverclosure2.2截流设计流量closuredesigndischarge2.3进占bank-offadvancing2.4截流戗堤closuredike2.5龙口closuregap2.6截流护底bedprotectionforclosure2.7立堵截流end-dumpclosure2.2.8平堵截流fullwidthrisingclosure2.9抛投强度dumpingintensity2.10截流最大流速maximumflowvelocityofclosure2.11截流最大落差maximumdropofclosure2.12混凝土四面体concretetetrahedron2.13葡萄串stringofblockpieces2.14填石笼gabion12.2.15合龙finalgap-closing2.16闭气leakagestopping3围堰Cofferdam3.1围堰cofferdam3.2过水围堰overflowcofferdam3.3草土围堰straw-earthcofferdam3.4土石围堰earth-rockcofferdam2.3.5混凝土围堰concretecofferdam3.6钢板桩围堰steelsheet-pilecofferdam3.7纵向围堰longitudinalcofferdam3.8横向围堰transversalcofferdam3.9子埝sub-cofferdam4基坑排水Pitdewatering4.1初期排水initialpitdewatering4.2经常性排水regularpitdewatering4.3明沟排水ditchdrainage4.4管井排水（大井点排水）tubewelldrainage4.5轻型井点排水wellpointdrainage4.6深井点排水deepwellpointdrainage4.7集水井drainagesump4.8排水强度drainageintensity土石方工程Earth-RockWorks3土石方工程Earth-rockworks1土石方开挖Earth-rockexcavation1.1采石场（石料场）quarryarea1.2土料场borrowarea1.3储料场（储料堆）stockpilearea1.4弃渣场wastedisposalarea1.5出渣线路muckingroute1.6土石方开挖earth-rockexcavation1.7不稳定坡unstableslope1.8反坡（倒坡）adverseslope1.9削坡slopecutting1.10修坡slopefinishing1.11压实方compactedmeasure1.12自然方bankmeasure1.13松方loosemeasure1.14剥离层topsoil1.15保护层（基础面保护层）protectivelayer1.16开挖强度excavationintensity1.17掌子面（掌子）headingface（workingface）1.18土石方平衡excavation-fillbalancing1.19疏浚dredging1.20水力开挖hydraulicexcavation1.21块石rubble1.22条石chippedashlar1.23超挖over-excavation1.24欠挖under-excavation1.25扩挖expandedexcavation1.26出渣mucking2土石方填筑Earth-rockfilling2.1铺料placingandspreading3.2.2填筑filling2.3堆石rockfilling2.4砌石stonemasonry2.5抛石riprap2.6碾压rolling2.7夯实tamping2.8压实compacting2.9水力冲填hydraulicexcavationandfilling2.10刨毛scarifying2.11富裕填筑（超填，超宽填筑）excessfill2.12土料的压实参数earthcompactionfactors2.13松散系数bulkfactor2.14橡皮土rubberyclay2.15虚土层looseearthlayer2.16土工织物geotextile2.17土工隔膜geomembrane2.18土工格栅geogrid2.19土牛stand-byplies3爆破Blasting3.1爆破blasting3.2压缩圈（压缩区）crushingzone3.3破坏圈（破坏区）fragmentalzone（blockzone）3.4震动圈（震动区）elasticzone3.5自由面（临空面）freesurface3.6药包charge（cartridge,explosive）3.7集中药包concentratedcharge3.8延长药包（炸药卷）prolongateexplosive3.3.9防水药包waterproofexplosive3.3.10药包临界直径criticaldiameterofcartridge3.3.11爆破漏斗explosioncrater3.3.12最小抵抗线burdenlineofleastresistance3.3.13爆破作用指数cratershapecharacteristics3.3.14超钻深度（越钻深度）overdrilldepth3.3.15单位耗药量powderfactor3.3.16质点振动速度particlevibrationvelocity3.3.17爆力weightstrength(specificenergy)3.3.18猛度brisancefactor3.3.19殉爆距flashovertendency3.3.20爆速detonationvelocity3.3.21炸药最优密度(最有效密度)optimumdensity3.3.22安定性stability3.3.23敏感性sensitivity3.3.24氧平衡oxygenbalance3.3.25按锑炸药ammoniumnitrateexplosive3.3.26按油炸药ammoniumnitratefueloilexplosive(ANFO)3.3.27胶质炸药dynamite3.3.28锑恩锑(三硝基甲苯)TNT(trinitrotoluene)3.3.29雷管blastingcap(detonator)3.3.30火雷管sparkblastingcap3.3.31电雷管electricblastingcap3.3.32瞬发雷管(即发雷管)instantaneousblastingcap3.3.33延期雷管(迟发雷管)delayblastingcap3.3.34毫秒延期雷管（毫秒雷管）msdelayblastingcap3.3.35导火索safetyfuse3.3.36导爆索（传爆索）primacord（detonatingfuse）3.3.37塑料导爆管（传爆管）plasticprimacordtube3.3.38继爆管relayprimacordtube3.3.39爆破参数blastingparameters3.3.40炮孔blastholes3.3.41周边孔peripheralhole（contourhole）3.3.42掏槽孔（掏槽眼）cuthole3.3.43崩落孔（崩落眼）stopebole3.3.44装药charging（loadingexplosives）3.3.45分段装药deckcharging3.3.46炮孔堵塞stemming3.3.47瞎炮（拒爆）misfire3.3.48裸露爆破（表面爆破）concussionblasting3.3.49毫秒爆破（微差爆破）msdelayedblasting3.3.50梯段爆破benchblasting3.3.51浅孔爆破shallow-holeblasting3.3.52深孔爆破deep-holeblasting3.3.53拆除爆破demolitionblasting3.3.54洞室爆破coyoteblasting3.3.55松动爆破looseningblasting(crumblingblasting)3.3.56抛掷爆破throwoutblasting3.3.58预裂爆破presplitblasting3.3.59定向爆破directionalthrowblasting3.3.60岩塞爆破rock-plugblasting3.3.61水下爆破underwaterblasting3.4地下工程施工Undergroundworksconstruction3.4.1隧洞开挖tunnelexcavation3.4.2隧洞钻孔爆破法(隧洞钻爆法)drill-blasttunnelingmethod3.4.3顶管法pipejackingmethod3.4.4盾构法shieldingmethod3.4.5掘进机法tunnelboringmachinemethod3.4.6施工支洞adit3.4.7新奥法(新奥地利隧洞施工法)newAustriantunnelingmethod(NATM)3.4.8导洞掘进法headingandcutmethod3.4.9台阶掘进法headingandbenchmethod3.4.10全断面掘进法fullfacedrivingmethod3.4.11临时支护temporarysupport3.412超前支护advancesupport3.4.13超前灌浆advancegrouting3.4.14锚喷支护shotcrete-anchoragesupport3.4.15衬砌lining3.4.16钢模台车formworkjumbo3.4.17封拱archclosure3.4.18通风ventilation3.4.19防尘dustcontrol3.5地基处理Foundationtreatment3.5.1地基处理foundationtreatment3.5.2开挖处理excavationtreatment3.5.3断层破碎带处理treatmentoffault-fracturezone3.5.4喀斯特处理(岩溶处理)karsttreatment3.5.5灌浆grouting3.5.6灌浆孔grouthole3.5.7灌浆压力groutingpressure3.5.8灌浆试验groutingtest3.5.9压水试验packerpermeabilitytest(hydraulicpressuretest)3.5.10固结灌浆consolidationgrouting3.5.11帷幕灌浆curtaingrouting3.5.12接触灌浆contactgrouting3.5.13回填灌浆fillinggrouting3.5.14接缝灌浆jointgrouting3.5.15化学灌浆chemicalgrouting3.5.16冒浆groutoozingout3.5.17串浆groutleaking3.5.18可灌性groutability3.5.19灌浆封孔groutholesealing3.5.20槽孔diaphragmtrench3.5.21泥浆固壁slurrywallstabilizing混凝土工程Gonereteworks4混凝土工程Concreteworks1混凝土原材料Concretematerials4.1.1混凝土骨料concreteaggregate4.1.2粗骨料coarseaggregate4.1.3细骨料fineaggregate4.1.4骨料比重specificgravityofaggregate4.1.5人工骨料(碎石骨料)artificialaggregate4.1.6人工砂artificialsand4.1.7天然骨料naturalaggregate4.1.8砂砾石sandandgravel4.1.9碱活性骨料alkali-reactiveaggregate4.1.10细度模数finenessmodulus(FM)4.1.11骨料级配gradation4.1.12间断级配gapgradation4.1.13连续级配continuousgradation4.1.14水泥比表面积specificsurfaceofcement4.1.15硅酸盐水泥portlandcement4.1.16普通硅酸盐水泥（普通水泥）ordinaryportlandcement4.1.17大坝水泥damcement4.1.18膨胀水泥expansivecement4.1.19火山灰水泥（火山灰质硅酸盐水泥）portland-pozzolanacement4.1.20矿渣水泥（矿渣硅酸盐水泥）portland-slagcement4.1.21水泥体积安定性soundnessofcement4.1.22潜在水凝材料latenthydraulicmaterials4.1.23水泥水化热hydrationheatofcement4.1.24掺和料admixture4.1.25外加剂additive4.1.26粉煤灰flyash4.1.27速凝剂accelerator4.1.28缓凝剂retarder4.1.29加气剂air-entrainingagent（AEA）4.1.30含气量airentrainment4.1.31减水剂water-reducingagent4.1.32早强剂earlystrengthagent4.1.33增塑剂（塑化剂）plastifier4.1.34超塑剂superplastifier4.1.35速凝（瞬时凝结）quickset（flashset）4.1.36假凝falseset4.1.37初凝initialset4.1.38终凝finalset4.1.39初凝时间initialsettingtime4.1.40终凝时间finalsettingtime4.1.41骨料含水率moisturecontentofaggregate4.1.42骨料离析aggregatesegregation4.1.43二次筛分（最终筛分）finishscreening4.2模板与钢筋作业Formworkandreinforcing4.2.1模板Formwork4.2.2滑动式模板（滑模）slipformwork4.2.3承重模板structuralformwork4.2.4悬臂模板cantileverform4.2.5预制混凝土模板precastconcreteform4.2.6真空模板vacuumformwork4.2.7拆模formworkstripping4.2.8钢筋冷加工steelbarcold-working(steelyard)4.2.9钢筋骨架reinforcementskeleton4.2.10钢筋安装steelbarssetting4.3混凝土的拌和与浇筑Concretemixingandplacing4.3.1配料batching4.3.2拌和mixing4.3.3配合比mixproportion4.3.4砂率sandratio4.3.5水灰比water-cementratio4.3.6龄期age4.3.7混凝土标号concreteindex4.3.8抗渗标号permeationresistanceindex4.3.9抗冻标号frostresistanceindex4.3.10耐久性durability4.3.11稠度consistency4.3.12坍落度slump4.3.13工作度（和易性）workability4.3.14泌水bleeding4.3.15现浇混凝土concretein-situ4.3.16预制混凝土precastconcrete4.3.17大体积混凝土massconcrete4.3.18早强混凝土high-earlystrengthconcrete4.3.19高强度混凝土high-strengthconcrete4.3.20贫混凝土leanconcrete4.3.21富混凝土richconcrete4.3.22素混凝土（无筋混凝土）plainconcrete4.3.23轻质混凝土lightweightconcrete4.3.24重质混凝土heavyweightconcrete4.3.25无砂混凝土no-finesconcrete3.26低流态混凝土low-slumpconcrete3.27干硬性混凝土no-slumpconcrete3.28预填骨料压浆混凝土prepackedconcrete3.29钢纤维混凝土steelfiberconcrete3.30喷射混凝土shotcrete3.31碾压混凝土rollercompactedconcrete(RCC)3.32块石混凝土rubbleconcrete3.33混凝土运输concretetransportation3.34吊罐bucket3.35泵送混凝土concretepulping3.36混凝土浇筑concreteplacing3.37平仓spreadingandlevelling3.38振捣vibrating3.39表面振捣器formvibrator(surfacevibrator)4.3.40切缝(锯缝)jointsawing4.3.41凿毛(打毛，冲毛)surfaceroughening。3.42乳皮（浮浆皮）laitance3.43蜂窝honeycomb3.44石袋honeycomb3.45修整finishing3.46龟裂craze3.47插筋dowel3.48浇筑块block3.49柱状浇筑法columnarplacementmethod3.50通仓浇筑法continuousplacementmethod3.51水下混凝土浇筑underwaterconcreting3.52冷缝coldjoint3.53混凝土养护curing3.54表面保护surfaceinsulation4混凝土质量控制与温度控制Concretequalitycontrolandthermalcontrol4.4.1混凝土质量控制concretequalitycontrol4.2混凝土非破坏性试验non-destructivetestingofconcrete4.3强度保证率assurancefactorofstrength4.4强度离差系数（变异系数）strengthdeviationcoefficient4.5平均强度averagestrength4.6温度控制thermalcontrol4.7温度裂缝thermalcrack4.8稳定温度场stabletemperaturefield4.9冷击coldshock4.10表面裂缝surfacecrack4.11基础约束裂缝foundationrestraintcrack4.12温度梯度temperaturegradient（thermalgradient）4.13混凝土浇筑温度（入仓温度）placingtemperature4.14骨料预冷precoolingofaggregate4.15加冰拌和icemixing4.4.16水管冷却pipecooling4.4.17一期冷却（初期冷却）firststagecooling4.4.18二期冷却secondstagecooling4.4.19沥青砂浆bituminousmortar4.4.20沥青混凝土bituminousconcrete4.4.21环氧砂浆epoxymortar4.4.22栈桥trestle4.4.23脚手架scaffold施工工程设施ConstruetionFacilities5施工工程设施Constructionfacilities1一般术语Generalterms1.1施工工程设施（施工辅助企业）constructionfacilities1.2砂石料生产系统aggregateproductionsystem1.3混凝土拌和系统concretemixingsystem1.4金属加工系统metalworkingsystem1.5机械修配系统equipmentrepairandmaintenancesystem1.6风、水、电系统compressedair-water-electricpowersupplysystem1.7施工通讯系统constructioncommunicationsystem1.8施工结构constructionstructure2砂石料生产Aggregateproduction2.1筛分系统screeningsystem2.2粗碎primarycrushing2.3中碎secondarycrushing2.4细碎finecrushing2.5筛分能力screeningcapacity2.6筛分效率（筛分精度）screeningefficiency2.7超径oversize2.8逊径undersize2.9开路循环破碎open-cyclecrushing2.10闭路循环破碎close-cyclecrushing2.11骨料成品获得率aggregateproductrate2.12骨料堆场aggregatepiles2.13自卸容积（活容积）dumpvolume2.14损失容积（死容积）lostvolume2.15调节容积adjustablevolume3混凝土制备Concretepreparation3.1配料aggregatebatching3.2拌和楼batchingandmixingplant3.3制冷厂refrigeratingplant3.4水泥罐cementsilo3.5混凝土拌和运输车transit-mixertruck3.6混凝土运输车agitatortruck4加工厂Workingshop4.1木加工厂woodworkshop(carpentershop)4.2钢筋加工厂reinforcingsteelworkshop4.3金属结构加工厂metalworkshop(steelworkshop)5机械修配Equipmentrepairing机械修配厂equipmentrepairingworkshop5.2汽车修配厂automobilerepairingworkshop6风、水、电供应Compressedair-water-electricpowersupply6.1空压站compressedairstation6.2供水系统watersupplysystem6.3施工供电系统electricitysupplysystemforconstruction6.4列车电站trainpowerstation概算、预算、决算CostEstimating,Budget,FinalAccount6概算、预算、决算Costestimating,Budget,Finalaccount1经济术语Economicterms1.1固定资金fixedfund1.2流动资金circulatingfund1.3直接费用directcost1.4间接费用indirectcost1.5固定费用fixedcost1.6可变费用variablecost1.7残值residualvalue1.8回收金额recoverycost1.9成本分析costanalysis1.10成本核算（成本计算）costaccounting1.11计划价格plannedprice1.12浮动价格floatingprice1.13法定利润legalprofit2概算costestimate2.1工程概算costestimateofproject2.2工程定额projectquota2.3材料消耗定额materialconsumptionquota2.4材料储备定额materialreservequota2.5劳动定额workingquota2.6工时定额workinghourquota2.7概算定额costestimatequota2.8预算定额budgetquota2.9临时工程概算temporarycostestimate2.10修正概算revisedpreliminaryprojectcostestimate2.11冬、雨季施工增加费additionalcostinwinter-rainyseason2.12夜间施工增加费additionalcostfornightwork2.13特殊地区施工增加费additionalcostforspecialcondition2.14预备费reservecost2.15建设单位管理费ownersmanagementcost2.16生产准备费preparatorycost2.17科研及勘测设计费researchanddesigncost2.18技术装备费.equipment-outfitcost2.19施工单位迁移资contractorrelocationcost2.20施工津贴fieldsubsidy2.21机械台班费machine-shiftcost2.22人工费labourcost2.23实物工程量realworkquantity3预算和决算Budgetandfinalaccount3.1施工图预算budgetofprojectconstructiondrawing3.2竣工决算finalaccountofproject3.3成本决算finalcostaccount6.3.4预算控制budgetarycontrol6.3.5材料计划成本plannedmaterial6.3.6材料实际成本actualmaterialcost6.3.7材料预算价格materialestimatedprice施工管理

ConstruetionManagement7施工管理Constructionmanagement1计划管理Planmanagement1.1计划管理planmanagement1.2决策decisionmaking1.3施工生产计划overalljobplan1.4年度计划annualplan1.5作业计划operationschedule1.6财务计划financialplan1.7计划指标plantarget1.8施工调度operationdispatching2技术管理Technicalmanagement技术管理technicalmanagement(TM)2.2经济责任制economicresponsibilitysystem2.3经济承包责任制economicresponsibilitycontractsystem2.4技术咨询technicalconsultation2.5技术转让(技术转移)techniquetransfer2.6技术装备technologicaloutfit2.7技术责任制technicalresponsibilitysystem2.8技术措施technologicalmeasures2.9施工操作规程constructionoperationinstruction2.10施工技术规范constructiontechnicalspecification2.11设备技术规程equipmentspecification2.12安全操作规程operationregulations2.13施工员日记（施工日志）buildersdiary3质量管理Qualitycontrol质量管理qualitycontrol（QC）3.2全面质量管理（综合质量管理）totalqualitycontrol（TQC）3.3质量保证qualityassurance3.4产品质量标准productqualitystandard3.5质量动态分析qualitydynamicanalysis3.6工程质量优良品率（优良品率）finalpercentageofsuperiorworks3.7施工环境保护environmentalprotection4施工财务管理Constructionfinancialmanagement4.1施工财务管理constructionfinancialmanagemen