2013社科模考b4讲义答案范文英语试卷

SectionIUseofDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Themassmediaisabigpartofourculture,yetitcanalsobeahelper,adviserandteachertoouryounggeneration.Themassmediaaffectsthelivesofouryoungbyactingasa(an)1foranumberofinstitutionsandsocialcontacts.Inthisway,it2avarietyoffunctionsinhumanlife.Thetimespentinfrontoftheevisionscreenisusuallyatthe3ofleisure:thereislesstimeforgames,amusementandrest.4bywhatishappeningonthescreen,childrennotonlyimitatewhattheyseebutdirectly5themselveswithdifferentcharacters.Americanshavebeenconcernedaboutthe6of inthemediaandits7harmtochildrenandadolescentsforatleastfortyyears.Duringthisperiod,newmedia8,suchasgames,cableevision,musics,andtheInternet.Astheycontinuetogainpopularity,thesemedia,9evision,10publicconcernandresearchAnotherlargesocietalconcernonouryounggeneration11bythemedia,isbody12scaninfluencebodyimagepositivelyornegatively.13one,societalandculturalnormsandmassmediamarketing14ourconceptsofbeauty.Inthemassmedia,theimagesof15beautyfillmagazinesandnewspapers,16fromourevisionsandentertainus17themovies.Eveninadvertising,themassmedia18onacceptedculturalvaluesofthinnessandfitnessforcommercialgain.Youngadultsarepresentedwitha19definedstandardofattractiveness,a(n)20thatcarriesunrealisticphysicalexpectations.1.2. 3.4.5.6.[C]butSectionIIReadingPartDirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.markyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1(40points)Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike"PalaeolithicMan","NeolithicMan",etc.,neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel"LeglessMan".Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:"inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofeachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn'tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailways,ski-liftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks."Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromonecetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird's-eyeviewoftheworld--orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,inparticular,areforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.Isitthelureofthegreatmotorways,orwhat?Andasforseatravel,ithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:"Ijoinedthenavytoseetheworld,andwhatdidIsee?Isawthesea."Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays"I'vebeenthere."Youmentiontheremotest,mostevocativece-namesintheworldlikeElDorado,Kabul,Irkutskandsomeoneisboundtosay"I'vebeenthere"--meaning,"Idrovethroughitat100anhouronthewaytosomewhereelse."Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherce.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingareoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravelers.Anthropologistslabelnowadaysmen"Legless" peopleforgethowtousehispeopleprefercars,busesandliftsandescalatorspreventpeoplefromtherearealotoftransportationTravelingathighspeedmeans [A]people'sfocusonthefuture.aanecessityofWhydoestheauthorsay"wearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes"Peoplewon'tusetheirIntravelingathighspeed, ePeoplecan'tseeanythingonhiswayofPeoplewanttosleepduringWhatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthis eModernmeansoftransportationmaketheworldasmallce.[C]Thereisnoneedtouseeyes.[D]ThebestwaytotravelisonWhatdoes"abird's-eyeview"Seeviewwithbird’sAbirdlooksatabeautifulItisageneralviewfromahighpositionlookingAscenicTheBritishMedicalJournalrecentlyfeaturedastrongresponsetowhatwasjudgedaninappropriaylenientreactionbyamedicalschooltoastudentcheatinginanexamination.Althoughwehaveinsufficientreliabledataabouttheextentofthisphenomenon,itsprevention,oritseffectivemanagement,muchcanbeconcludedandactedupononthebasisofcommonsenseandconceptswithfacevalidity.Thereisgeneralagreementthatthereshouldbezerotoleranceofcheatinginaprofessionbasedontrustandoneonwhichhumanlivesdepend.Itisreasonabletoassumethatcheatersinmedicalschoolwillbemorelikelythanotherstocontinuetoactdishonestlywithpatients,colleagues,insurers,andThebehaviorsunderquestionaremultifactorialinorigin.Therearefamilial,religious,andculturalvaluesthatareacquiredlongbeforemedicalschool.Forexample,countries,cultures,andsubculturesexistwherebribesanddishonestbehaviourarealmostanorm.Therearesecondaryschoolsinwhichneitherstaffnorstudentstoleratecheatingandotherswherecheatingisrampant;therearehomeswhichimbueyoungpeoplewithhighstandardsofethicalbehaviourandotherswhichleaveethicaltrainingtotheharmfulinfluenceofevisionandthemarketce.Medicalschoolsreflectsocietyandcannotbeexpectedtoremedyalltheillsofasociety.Theselectionprocessofmedicalstudentsmightbeexpectedtofavorcandidateswithintegrityandpositiveethicalbehaviour—ifonehadareliablemethodfordetectingsuchcharacteristicsinadvance.Medicalschoolsshouldbethemajorfocusofattentionforimbuingfuturedoctorswithintegrityandethicalsensitivity.Unfortunaytherearetroubling,ifinconclusive,datathatsuggestthatduringmedicalschooltheethicalbehaviourofmedicalstudentsdoesnotnecessarilyimprove;indeed,moraldevelopmentmayactuallystoporevenregress.Thecreationofapervasiveinstitutionalcultureofintegrityisessential.Itiscriticalthattheacademicandclinicalleadersoftheinstitutionseta alexampleofintegrity.Medicalschoolsmustmaketheirinstitutionalpositionandtheirexpectationsofstudentsabsoluyclearfromdayone.Thedevelopmentofaschool'scultureofintegrityrequiresapartnershipwiththestudentsinwhichtheyyanactiveroleinitscreationandnurturing.Moreover,theschool'sexaminationsystemandgeneraltreatmentofstudentsmustbeperceivedasfair.Finally,thetreatmentofinfractionsmustbefirm,fair,transparent,andconsistent.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutcheatinginmedicalExtensiveresearchhasbeendoneaboutthisWehavesufficientdatatoprovethatpreventionisWearesafetoconcludethatthisphenomenonexistsonagrandReliabledataabouttheextent,preventionandmanagementofthephenomenonisAccordingtotheauthor,itisimportanttopreventcheatinginmedicalschools.ThemedicalprofessionisbasedonThereiszerotoleranceofcheatinginThemedicalprofessiondependson CheatingexistsextensivelyinmedicalWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecause(s)ofFamily,cultureandsocietyyanactiveBadschoolenvironmentistheleadingcauseofstudentParentsarealwaystoblamefortheirchildren'scheatingCheatingexistsprimarilybecausestudentslearnbadthingsfromAccordingtotheauthor,whatprecautionsshouldmedicalschoolstaketopreventstudentsfromMedicalschoolsshouldestablishafirmmoralstandardtoweedoutapplicantswithlowMedicalschoolsshouldmakeeffortstoremedytheillsofaMedicalschoolsshouldteachfuturedoctorsintegrityandethicalThereisnothingmedicalschoolscandotoimprovetheethicalbehaviouroftheirTheauthorwillprobablyagreewithwhichofthefollowingMedicalschoolsshouldmakeexamseasierforthestudentstoalleviatethefierceProminentfiguresinthemedicalinstitutionshouldcreateasetofmoralstandardstobeappliedinmedicalschools.MedicalstudentsshouldyanactiveroleinthecreationandpreservationofacultureofThosestudentswhocheatintheexamsshouldbeinstantlyexpelledfromThemarvelousephoneandevisionnetworkthathasnowenmeshedthewholeworld,makingallmenneighbours,cannotbeextendedintospace.Itwillneverbepossibletoconversewithanyoneonanothernet.Evenwithtoday'sradioequipment,themessageswilltakeminutes—sometimeshours—ontheirjourney,becauseradioandlightwavestravelatthesamelimitedspeedof186,000asecond.TwentyyearsfromnowyouwillbeabletolistentoafriendonMars,butthewordsyouhearwillhavelefthismouthatleastthreeminutesearlier,andyourreplywilltakeacorrespondingtimetoreachhim.Insuchcircumstances,anexchangeofverbalmessagesispossible—butnotaToaculturewhichhascometotakeinstantaneouscommunicationforgranted,aspartoftheverystructureofcivilizedlife,this"timebarrier"mayhaveaprofoundpsychologicalimpact.Itwillbeaperpetualreminderofuniversallawsandlimitationsagainstwhichnotallourtechnologycaneverprevail.Foritseemsascertainasanythingcanbethatnosignal—stilllessanymaterialobject—canevertravelfasterthanlight.Thevelocityoflightistheultimatespeedlimit,beingpartoftheverystructureofspaceandtime.Withinthenarrowconfinesofthesolarsystem,itwillnothandicapustooseverely.Attheworst,thesewillamounttotwentyhours—thetimeittakesaradiosignaltospantheorbitofPluto,theouter-mostnet.Itiswhenwemoveoutbeyondtheconfinesofthesolarsystemthatwecomefacetofacewithanaltogetherneworderofcosmicreality.Eventoday,manyotherwiseeducatedmen—likethosesavageswhocancounttothreebutlumptogetherallnumbersbeyondfour—cannotgrasptheprofounddistinctionbetweensolarandslarspace.Thefirstisthespaceenclosingourneighbouringworlds,thenets;thesecondisthatwhichembracesthosedistantsuns,thestars,anditislillymillionsoftimesgreater.Thereisnosuchabruptchangeofscaleintheterrestrialaffairs.Manyconservativescientists,appalledbythesecosmicgulfs,havedeniedthattheycanevercrossed.Somepeopleneverlearn;thosewhosixtyyearsagoscoffedatthepossibilityofflight,andtenyearsagolaughedattheideaoftraveltothenets,arenowquitesurethatthestarswillalwaysbebeyondourreach.Andagaintheyarewrong,fortheyhavefailedtograspthegreatlessonofourage—thatifsomethingispossibleintheory,andnofundamentalscientificlawsopposeitsrealization,thensoonerorlateritwillbeachieved.Onedayweshalldiscoverareallyefficientmeansofpropellingourspacevehicles.Everytechnicaldeviceisalwaysdevelopedtoitslimitandtheultimatespeedforspaceshipsisthevelocityoflight.Theywillneverreachthatgoal,buttheywillgetverynearit.Andthentheneareststarwillbelessthanfiveyearsvoyagingfromtheearth.Forlighttotravelacrossthesolarsystem,itwill ayear[B]nearlya [C]two [D]thirtyThefactthatitwillneverbepossibletoconversewithsomeoneonanothernetshowsradiomessagesdonottravelfastnoobjectcanevertravelfasterthanwesternculturehasaspecialideaofcertainuniversallawscannotbeprevailedConfrontedwiththeneworderofcosmicreality,manyeducated eignorantsavagefindthe"timebarrier"willnotcombinesolarandslarcannotadapttotheabruptchangeofConservativescientistswhodenythatcosmicgulfscaneverbecrossedlaughattheveryideaoflearnalessonastheydidtenyearsfindspacetravelbeyondtheiropposethefundamentalscientificTheauthorofthepassageintendsto thelimitationsofourthevastnessofthecosmictheprospectofnetarythepsychologicalimpactoftimeandEighteen-year-oldJennaTibbittshasanear-perfectGPA,andherparentscanaffordtosendhertothefour-yearuniversityofherchoice.ButtheNewJerseyseniorisoptinginsteadtoattendnearbyAtlanticCapeCommunityCollegeonascholarshipfortwoyearsbeforetransferringtoafour-yearschoolsothatshecanreducetheoverallcostofhereducation."Itjustmakesmoresense,"TibbittsLikeTibbitts,high-achievinghigh-schoolgraduatesnationwideareincreasinglyputtingfour-yearinstitutionsonholdandenrollingatcommunitycollegesforpartoftheireducation.AccordingtoasurveyfromtheNationalAssociationofIndependentCollegesandUniversities,nearlyone-fifthofprivatecollegesanduniversitiesreportedasmallerthananticipatedfreshmanclassthisfall.Atthesametime,theAmericanAssociationofCommunityCollegesreportsthatcommunity-collegeenrollmentrose8to10percent.That'snotunexpected—community-collegeenrollmentusuallyclimbsduringadowneconomyasnewlyunemployedworkerslooktogetadditionaltraining.Butnormally,theageoftheaveragestudentrises,whereasthistimearound,theaverageageoncampushasremainedlowbecausetherearesomanymoretraditional-agedstudents,sayadministrators,thesegmentoffreshhigh-schoolgraduatesisgrowingfast.Community-collegeadministratorsarethrilledtoattracttopperformers,buttheyalsoworrythattheinflux(流入)ofstudentswhocanaffordotheroptionsissqueezingoutthedisadvantagedstudentssuchschoolswerebuilttoserve.Mostcommunitycollegeshaveopenadmission-noSATorGPArequired-butclassroomslotsfilluponarollingbasis."Unfortunayforstudentswhocan'tmakensinadvance,theywillgettothedoorsandfindoutthereisnoroom,"saysNorthernVirginiaCommunityCollege RobertTemplin.Manystudentstypicallyregisterforclasseslateronbecausethey'reunpreparedtonavigatethesystem,hesays,andthey'reoftenfirst-generationcollegestudentsorcomingfromunderperforminghighschools."Manycommunity-collegesadministratorsareveryfearfulthatmiddleclassstudentswillcomeandsqueezeoutpoorer students,"heAtmostschools,thepressureismounting.From2000to2006,enrollmentatcommunitycollegesgrew10percent,accordingtothemostrecentdatafromtheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics.Accordingtoa2008reportfromtheDepartmentofEducation,theproportionofhigh-schoolseniorswithhighstandardized-testscoresandstrongoverallqualificationsenrollingincommunitycollegeshasgrownsince1992.Thereportalsofoundthattwo-thirdsofstudentswhoapplytocommunitycollegesintendtogoontoearnafour-yeardegreeatanotherinstitution.Still,somecollegecounselorsremainwary(谨慎的)aboutadvisinghigh-performingstudentstotakethisroute."Thecommunitycollegemaynotbeagoodacademicfitforallstudents,"saysBobBardwell,aguidancecounselor."Somecominit'snotchallengingenough."Furthermore,headds,studentsoftenfindit'snotaseasytotransferintothefour-yearschoolstheywantastheymighthavethought.JennaTibbittsdecidestoattendAtlanticCapecommunitycollege herparentscannotaffordafour-yearthecollegecanmeetheracademictheoveralleducationcostcanbereducedbythisthecollegecanofferadditionalWhatdoes"traditional-agedstudents"(Line11,Para.2)referNewlyunemployedHighschoolWhydocommunity-collegeadministratorsworryabouttheenrollmentoftopTheymayadverselyinfluencetheenrollmentofdisadvantagedtargetAllstudentsfromunderperforminghighschoolsmaybedrivenManystudentsareunpreparedtofacethechangedTopperformersmaythreatenotherWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthecharacteristicsofthecurrentenrollmentincommunityCommunitycollegesareexperiencingatrendofincreasingMostenrolledstudentsnforafurtherfour-yearuniversityAlltheWhatmayhigh-performingstudentsencounterafterenrollinginacommunityThecommunitycollegeis yagoodacademicfitforThecommunitycollegeisagreatchallengeasthey'veThecommunitycollegedoesn'tfitthematMovingtotheirdreamedfour-yearschoolsmaynotbethatPartDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutaparknaturalist.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA-Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartofthetext.Thefirstparagraphofthetextisnotnumbered.Thereistwoextraheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ingaWhatdoesaParkNaturalistWhatdoesItTaketoBeaParkIhavethebestjobintheWisconsinStateParkSystem.AsaparknaturalistatPeninsulaStatePark,Iambusywritingreports,creatingbrochuresabouttreesorflowers,andsometimesvisitingschools.And,ofcourse,ImakesurePeninsula'sfeatheredfriendsarewellfed.AsaparknaturalistIamawriter,ateacher,ahistorianand,ifnotasocialworker,atleastaninstructorforyoungpeopleinterestedintheenvironment.Ilovethediversityofmyjob.Everydayisdifferent.Mosttasksrequirecreativity.NowthatIamanexperiencednaturalist,IhavethedomnmyowndayandmakedecisionsaboutthetypesofprogramsthatweofferatInmyfirstnaturalistjob,Ispentfouroutoffivedaysleadingschoolfieldtripsandvisitingclassrooms.AsastateparknaturalistIstillworkwithstudents,butmoreoftenleadprogramslikebirdwalks,naturecrafts,outdoorskills,andtrailhikes.Ialsofindmyselfincreasinglyinvolvedinmanagementdecisions.Forexample,sometimestheparknaturalististhe whoknowswhererareorchidsgroworwhereravensnest.Whendecisionsaremadeaboutcuttingtrees,buildingtrails,orcreatingmorecampsites,naturalistsareaskedtogivethe“ecological”.PerhapsthegrossestthingI’vedoneasanaturalististoboilanimalskulls.Visitorslikeseeingbonesandskins-atleastaftertheyhavebeencleanedup!Once,ournatureneededmoreskulls.Atrappergavememuskrat,raccoonandfoxskullsbutIhadtocleanthem.First,Iboiledtheskinandmeatoff.Boy,didthatsmell!ThenIuseddissectingtoolsandoldtoothbrushestocleanouttheeyeballs.Finally,IsoakedtheskullsinableachsolutionI'vehadsomeembarrassingexperiences,too.OnmyfirsthikeasPeninsula'snewnaturalist,IwassoexcitedthatIidentifiedawhitepinetreeasaredpinetree!That'squiteamistakesincethetreesaresoeasytolapart.Whitepineneedlesareinbundlesoffiveandredpineneedlesareinbundlesoftwo.Notall'~tateparksareasbusyorasbigasPeninsula.c.NotallparknaturalistsspendtheseasonsasIdo.Nevertheless,Parknaturalistssharecertaincommoninterestsandresponsibilities:Aparknaturalistmightnoticethatbranchesofaredmaplegrowinginafieldreachouttothesidewhilethoseofaredmapleinathickreachup,andwonderwhythetreeslookdifferent.Anaturalistmakesthingshappen.Itmightbeworkingwithworkerstocleanuppartofariver.Parknaturalistsshareknowledgeindifferentways,butallofthemcommunicatewithpeople.Aloveoflearning-fromotherpeople,fromntsandanimals,frombooks,andmore-isanessentialquality.Mostnaturalistsdon'tworkincesofrarebeauty.Manyworkincityparksorincesthatshow"wearandtear.,,ifyoucanwonderaboutanapinebush,orarobinandcauseotherstowonder,too,thenyouareready eaparknaturalist.Ifyouthinkyouwantto eaparknaturalist,dothefollowing:Exploreyourhomelandscape.Knowinghowpeoplehaveshapedthelandwhereyoulive-andhowthelandhasshapedth