高中句子成分、结构分析报告

句子成分表示一个完整概念的语言单位叫做句子。组成句子的各个部分(单词或词组等)叫做句子成分，句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语和同位语等，主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，其他为次要成分。知识点1：主语主语 是一个句子的主题 ，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。1.名词作主语。如：Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.Littlestreamsfeedbigrivers.代词用作主语。如：You'renotfarwrong.Hetoldajokebutitfellflat.3.数词用作主语。如：Threeisenough.Fourminusthreeisone.名词化的形容词用作主语。Theoldneedhelp.不定式用作主语。如:Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.Itwouldbenicetoseehimagain.动名词用作主语。如：Smokingisbadforyou.Watchingafilmispleasure,makingoneishardwork.名词化的过去分词用作主语。如：Thedisabledaretoreceivemoremoney.Thedeceaseddiedofoldage.介词短语用作主语。如：ToBeijingisnotveryfar.到北京不很远。FromYenantoNanniwanwasathree-hourrideonhorseback.从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。从句用作主语。如:Wheneveryouarereadywillbefine.Whetherwegoornotdependsonyourfather.句子用作主语。如："Howdoyoudo?"isagreeting.“你好"是一句问候语。知识点：谓语谓语(predicate)或谓语动词(predicateverb)的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词＋主要动词)构成。由简单的动词构成。.Whathappened?.Heworkedhardalldaytoday..Theplanetookoffatteno'clock.由动词短语构成的谓语。.Iamreading..What'sbeenkeepingyouallthistime?.Youcandoitifyoutryhard.英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have,get,take,give等。如：.Ihadaswimyesterday.(hadaswim代替了swam).Takealookatthat!(takealook代替了look).Hegaveasigh.(gaveasigh代替了sighed).Igotagoodshake-up.(agoodshake-up代替了wasshakenupthoroughly(充分，彻底的))

知识点3：表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构中，联系动词只是形式上的谓语，二真正起谓语作用的则是表语。可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。1．2341．23456．Weareseven.（数词）Areyoubusy?（形容词）Areyouthere?（电话用语）（副词）Isanybodyin?（副词）AllIcoulddowastowait.（不定式）Myanswertohisthreat（威胁）wastohithimonthenose.（不定式）7.Complimenting（赞美，祝贺）islying.（动名词）Isthataskingsomuch?（动名词）8．Iwassomuchsurprisedatit. （过分）I'mverypleasedwithwhathehasdone.（过分）9．Sheisingoodhealth. （介词短语）Theshowisfromseventillten.（介词短语）10．Isthatwhyyouwereangry? （从句）11．ThisiswhereIfirstmether.（从句）【补充】能做系动词的实义动词：come,go,run,turn,get,become,keep,stay,make（表变化的动词）fell，sound,smell,look,taste（感观动词）seem,appear（似乎，好像）例如：1．Ourdreamhascometrue. （Come后常加easy,loosenatural等）Hefellsick.Keepfit.Keep作为系动词还常接quiet，calm，cool， well，warm，silent，clean，dry3．Thewellrandry. （short,loose,wild,cold等）4．Athinpersonalwaysseemstobetallerthanhereallyis.知识点4：宾语宾语（object）在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。如：Ourteambeatalltheothers.可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。1．Doyoulikeadrink? （名词）2．Theywon'thurtus. （代词）3．Ifyouadd5to5,youget10. （数词）。4．Ishalldomypossible.（名词化形容词）5．Helefttherelastweek. （副词）6．Doesshereallymeantoleavehome?(不定式)7.Heneverdidtheunexpected.(名词化的分词)8．DoyouunderstandwhatImean?(从句)【扩展】宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语(directobject)与间接宾语(indirectobject)。直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物(多指人)，具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dativeverb),常用的有：answer,bring,buy,do,find,get,give,hand,keep,leave,lend,make,offer,owe,pass,pay,play,promise,read,save,sell,send,show,sing,take等；间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。如：Ihavefoundhimaplace.我给他找到了一个职位。知识点5：补语补语(complement)是「一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语(subjectcomplement)；补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语(objectcomplement)..容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前，后有逗号。Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.我又累又困，就去睡了。有时可以置于主语之后，前后都有逗号，与非限定性定语相似。如：Theman,cruelbeyondbelief,didn'tlistentotheirpleadings..可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等TheynamedthechildJimmy.(名词用作并与补语)Mymotherlookssoyoungthatyouwouldthinkhermysister.(名词短语作宾语补语)Heboiledtheegghard.(形容词用作宾语补语)foundthebookveryinteresting.(形容词短语用作宾补)ThecomradeswantedDr.Bethunetotakecover.(不定式用作宾语补语)callthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.(动名作宾补)6.Don'ttakehiskindnessforgranted.(介词短语作宾补)知识点6：定语定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。1．形容词用作定语是大量的。(1)Sheisanaturalmusician.Hemustbethebestviolinistalive.(后置定语)2.名词用作定语。如(1)Ababygirl女婴(2)wellwater井水Sportscar双座轻型汽车Afool'sparadise梦幻的天堂2．代词作定语。Yourhairneedscutting.(物主代词用作定语)Everybody'sbusinessisnobody'sbusiness.(不定代词所有格作定语)3．数词作定语（1）There'sonlyonewaytodoit.（2）Doitnow,youmaynotgetasecondchance.基数词用作后置定语：page24Room201theyear1949副词充当定语时常后置，如：theroomabove楼上的房间theworldtoday今日世界thewayout出路adayoff休息日5．不定式用作定语（1）Herpromisetowritewasforgotten.（2）That'sthewaytodoit.6．动名词用作定语.Awalkingstick拐杖sleepingpills安眠药eatingimplements吃饭用具learningmethod学习方法7．分词充当定语asleepingchild正在睡中的小孩adrinkingman嗜酒者aretiredworker一个退休工人afadedflower一朵谢了的花7．介词短语用作定语。（1）ThisisamapofChina.（2）Thewildlookinhiseyesspokeplainerthanwords.8．从句用作定语，即定语从句Thecarthat'sparkedoutsideismine.Yourcar,whichInoticedoutside,hasbeenhitbyanotherone.知识点7：状语状语（adverbial）是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。如：1．Thegirlisimprovingremarkably.2．可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等副词最常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。Hespeaksthelanguagebadlybutreaditwell.Naturallyweexpecthotelgueststolocktheirdoors.3．状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度方式、伴随等（1） 时间状语，多位于句末和句首，有时亦可置于句中Shallwedotheshoppingtodayortomorrow?InChinanowleadstheworld.（2） 地点状语，多置于句末，有时也位于句首和句中。Thereareplentyoffishinthesea.Shekissedhermotherontheplatform（月台）.（3） 原因状语，包括表理由的状语，多置于句末，有时亦可置于句首。Becausehewasill,Tomlosthisjob.IeatpotatoesbecauseIlikethem.（4） 结果状语，多由不定式、分词和从句表示，常位于句末。Shewokesuddenlytofindsomeonestandinginthedoorway.ShespokesosoftlythatIcouldn'thearwhatshesaid.

目的状语，多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示，常位于句末，强调时可以置于句首。Heranforshelter(隐蔽处).Inordertogetintoagoodschool,Imuststudyevenharder.条件状语。多由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。We'llbeluckytogettherebeforedark.Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim?让步状语，由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。Forallhismoney,hedidn'tseemhappy.Hehelpedmealthoughhedidn'tknowme.程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。Thelectureisveryinteresting.Towhatextentwouldyoutrustthem?伴随状语，常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。Mytrainstartsatsix,arrivingatChicagoatten.Hestoodthere,pipe(烟斗)inmouth.检测题(一)：指出下列句中主语的中心词Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.检测题(二)：选出句中谓语的中心词Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.like C.picture D.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbe B.meeting C.thelibrary D.afternoonDidthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.have D.breakfastTomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.D.hishomeworkD.isD.hishomeworkD.isD.doctorWhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totell C.youWehadbettersendforadoctor.A.We B.had C.sendHeisinterestedinmusic.A.is B.interested C.in D.musicWhomdidyougivemybookto?A.give B.did C.whom D.book检测题（三）：挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.ABCDPeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.ABCDYoumustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.ABCDHowmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?ABCDSomeofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?ABCDTheoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.ABCDTheymadehimmonitoroftheclass.ABCDGoacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.ABCDYouwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.ABCDTheydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.ABC D检测题（四）：挑出下列句中的表语Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.ABC DWhyisheworriedaboutJim?ABCDTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.ABCDSoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.A B C DShewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.（五）挑出下列句中的定语（完成前2题，其余做课后作业）TheyuseMr.Mrs.withthefamilyname.ABCDWhatisyourgivenname?ABCDOnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.ABCDIamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zABC DThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.A B C DIamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!AB C D检测题（六）：挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.A B C DHeaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.AB C DShefounditdifficulttodothework.ABC DTheycallmeLilysometimes.ABCDIsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.ABC DDidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?A B C D检测题（七）：挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.ABC DEverynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.A BCDHebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.ABC DThemanonthemotorbikewastravellingtofast.A B C DWiththemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.ABCDShelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.ABCDIamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.ABCDThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.ABCD检测题（八）划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Didheleaveanymessageforme?课后作业：WealwaysworkhardatEnglish.He said he didn'tcome.Theyloveeachother.Whatdidyoubye?Shewatchedherdaughterplayingthepiano.Yourjobtodayistohelptheold.Speakingdoesn'tmeandoing.ByethetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.Thechildrenboughttheirparentsacarforthe25thanniversaryoftheirmarriage.Ittakesmeanhourtogetthere.检测题1、often,She,five,for,times,homework,a,does,week.2、sometimes，TV,watches，He.3、of,two,I,cups,want,water.4、book,on,desk,The,is,the.5、a,country,is,China,great.6、an,A,is,animal.7、is,very,The,beautiful,city.8、have,I,sisters,two.9、is,a,the,There,in,desk,classroom.10、morning,on,My,football,Saturday,plays,father.句子结构英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构说明：S=王语；V=谓语；P=表语；0=宾语；01=间接宾语；02=直接宾语；C=宾语补足语知识点1十句式在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi.)。例如：Herunsquickly．Theylistenedcarefully.Hesufferedfromcoldandhunger.。Chinabelongstothethirdworldcountry.Thegashasgivenout.Myinkhasrunout.知识点2.S十V十P句式在此句式中，V是系动词(linkv.),常见的系动词有：look,seem，appear，sound，feel，taste,smell,grow,get,fallill/asleep,stand/sitstill,become,turn等。例如：Heisolderthanhelooks.Heseeninterestedinthebook.Thestorysoundsinteresting.Thedeskfeelshard.Thecaketastesnice.Theflowerssmellsweetandnice.Youhavegrowntallerthanbefore.Hehassuddenlyfallenill.Hestoodquitestill.Hebecomesateacherwhenhegrewup.Hecouldneverturntraitortohiscountry.注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：Helookedmeupanddown.Hereachedhishandtofeeltheelephant.Theyaretastingthefish.Theygrowriceintheirhometown.He'sgotachairtositon.PleaseturnthesentenceintoEnglish.知识点3十十句式在此句式中，是及物动词.，因此有宾语。例如：Isawafilmyesterday．Haveyoureadthestory?Theyfoundtheirhomeeasily．Theybuiltahouselastyear．They'veputupafactoryinthevillage．Theyhavetakengoodcareofthechildren．Youshouldlookafteryourchildrenwell．知识点十十十句式在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay,lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob,warn等。例如：Hegavemeabook/abooktome．Hebroughtmeapen/apentome．Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattome．注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：Motherboughtmeabook/abookforme.Hegotmeachair/achairforme．Pleasedomeafavor/afavorforme．Heaskedmeaquestion/aquestionofme．知识点5十十十句式在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。Theymadethegirlangry．Theyfoundherhappythatday．Ifoundhimout．Isawhimin．Theysawafootmarkinthesand．TheynamedtheboyCharlie．Isawhimcomeinandgoout．Theyfeltthecarmovingfast．Iheardtheglassbrokenjustnow．Hefoundthedoctorofstudyclosedtohim．专题过关检测题：划分句子结构1.Theyareworkingonthefarmnow.2.Seeingisbelieving3.A11of