2024届高三英语复习：阅读理解之词义猜测题型解题技巧课件

猜

测

词

义GuessingmeaningsofwordsIfyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?Ignore

themandcontinuereadingLookthemupinthedictionaryGuess

themeaning

How

toguessthemeaningsofwords

词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean___.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means____.5.Theword“...”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto_____1.Definition定义法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast对比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例举法8.CommonSense普通常识6.WordFormation构词法猜测词义7.Context上下文三字经寻

定

义找

关

系读

例

子锁

两

句同

近

反文

逻

辑构

词

法断

词

义Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定义法：一般通过定义

解释

概念、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

(n.

牧羊人)2.Contrast对比法：

利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的词有butwhilehoweverotherwiseunlikeinsteadontheotherhand等等Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA

(v.

不同意)3.Similarity相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;极大的)4.CauseEffect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitionsinoneday.

(adj.

贫穷的,穷困的)

(adj.

大的)Withthehelpofconjunctionslike:

becauseassinceforsothusasaresultthereforesothatetc.5.Example例举法：利用文中的举例提示词。常见的举例的提示词有forinstance,forexample,suchas等。Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

电器用具)6.WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。

Withtheirshiningbrowneyes,waggingtails,andunconditional

love,dogscanprovidethenonjudgmental

listenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence.unconditional:无条件的,绝对的adj.condition

conditional

情况，条件n.

有条件的adj.unconditional:nonjudgmental:没有判断力的judge

judgment

judgmental判断v.判断n.adj.nonjudgmental:前缀和后缀辨析：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)1)HesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.

A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expectB7.Context上下文：利用语境及前后文的提示。

Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnight．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astar2）Tomsawan

owllastnight．

A．abirdB．ananimalC.astar

Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．abirdB．ananimalC.astarAAB(n.

猫头鹰)3）Thechildrenarelookingatanape.A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatanapeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdThechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy

apeatthezoo．A．akindofmonkeyB．akindoftreeC．akindofbirdAAC(n.

猿)8.Commonsense普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中

有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious，becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉剂(药)Inquiry-basedActivities(I)探究活动(1)

Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?----------------------------------------------------

1.Therearesomeglaciers

whichisariverofice.movingdownthemountainvalleys，

A.雪山B.树枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.

A.租用B.借出C.购买D.参观

CAB4.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathis

occupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest

5.Theoldwomanhasa

strange

habittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.爱猫的B.古怪的C.闲不住D.动物保护主义者6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury

togreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱ABC7.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活泼的B.好动的C.爱说话的D.可爱的8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.house9.Thisboyisnotstupid,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemoreintelligent.A.勤奋的B.愚蠢的C.聪明的D.情报CCC10.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_____.A.骄傲B.吹牛C.顽皮D.幼稚BInquiry-basedActivities(II)探究活动(2)

Passage1.Wecannotfeelspeed.Butoursenseletusknowthatwearemoving.Weseethingsmovingpastandfeelthatwearebeingshaken.Wecanfeelacceleration,anincreaseinspeed.Butwenoticeitforonlyashorttime.Forexamplewefeelitduringthetakeoffrunofanairplane.1.Accelerationisthenamefor_______.A.anykindofmovementB.themovementofaplaneC.asteadyspeed D.anincreaseinspeedPassage2.

Alltheathletestrytobeattheclosingceremony.Theyhaveforgottenalltheirfearsandworries.Itdoesnotmatterwhethertheyhavedonewellornot.Alltheteamswalkroundthestadiumtogether.Everybodyinthevillage

clearsupandgetsreadytoleave.Everyoneishuntingforlocalproducts.Peopleexchangetracksuits,hats,runningvestandsoon.Thereisalastchancetotakephotographsandgetaddressesofnewfriends.Theneachteamstartsitsjourneyhome.5.Theunderlinephrase“clearsup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.packsupB.goesawayC.makesclearD.doesthecleaningPassage3

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(参议院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage4

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithastick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage5

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.

Theword“jeopardize”means_____inthistext.A.protectB.endangerC.continueD.stopB方法总结与例析探究2023/7/20湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲例析与探究【例】Themodernageofmedicinebeganwiththestethoscope,aninstrumentforlisteningtoapatient’sheartbeatandbreathing.【悟】由生词后的_______(从句)或定语从句可猜词义，也就是_____猜词法。常见信息词____________________________________________________

听病人心脏跳动和呼吸【析】同位语部分意思是，stethoscope是用来_______________________的仪器，也即__________。“听诊器”mean,thesameas,thatistosay,inotherwords,...同位语定义2023/7/20湘乡市第三中学周洪敦主讲例析与探究【悟】根据对比关系猜测词义。句中有__________________________________________________________等表转折的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可猜测生词词义。【析】incontrast表示_____，supercilious与modest意义相对应，可猜出supercilious意为__________________。

对比“傲慢的；目空一切的”but,however,yet,though,although,ontheotherhand,instead【例】AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknew.Hisbrotherincontrast,isquitemodest.例析与探究【悟】根据______关系猜测词义。表示_____关系的信息词有：___________________________________等。【析】thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此_______________________，这样可知sacrifice意思应该为“______________”。

失去了许多学习的时间牺牲；失去因果因果because,so,therefore,thus,so...that【例】IfoundIwaspayingtoomuchattention