2022年6月英语四级真题(第二套)

大学英语四级考试

COLLEGEENGLISHTEST

-BandFour-

(2022.06-02)

PartI

Writing

(30minutes)

Directions:Supposeyouaregoingtowriteaproposaltoyourschoolclinicforimprovingits

service.Youaretowriteaboutitscurrentproblemsandpossiblesolutionstotheseproblems.You

willhave30minutestowritetheproposal.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan

180words.

PartII

ListeningComprehension

(25minutes)

说明：据多数学生反馈，本次考试只有一套听力试题，第二套为重复题目，只

是选项顺序不同，故不再重复。

PartIII

ReadingComprehension

(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectoneword

foreachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassage

throughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.

PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethrough

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thecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Ifyou'veeverlookedattheingredientslistwhilegroceryshopping,chancesareyou'veseen

theterm"naturalflavors".Buthaveyoutakena

actuallyare?

26

toconsiderwhatthesenaturalflavors

Mostofusmightthinkthat"naturalflavors"are,well,naturallygoodforus.Arecentstudy

inthejournalAppetitefoundthatwhentheword"natural"appearsonpackaging,people

thatthefoodwithinisindeedhealthier.Intruth,naturalflavorsdonot

27

28

much,atleast

chemicallyspeaking,fromtheirflavor-boosting

29

:artificialflavors.Bothcanbemadeina

30

smellor

labbytrainedflavorists,butartificialflavorsusechemicalstogiveaproducta

taste.

Naturalflavorscomefromplantoranimal

31

,likefruit,vegetable,meat,fishormilk

32fromplants

thatisthenprocessedorrefinedinsomeway.Inshort,naturalflavorsare

andanimalstocreatespecificflavorsforprocessedfoods.Butthatdoesn't

33

makeiteasier

totellwhat'sreallyinyourfood.BecausetheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hasnot

34theterm,companiescanuseittorefertoprettymuchanythingderivedfromaplantor

animal.Andnaturalflavorscanalsoincludeavarietyofchemicaladditives,suchaspreservatives.

TheFDAdoesn'trequirecompaniestorevealwhatadditionalchemicalsaspecificitem

35

.

Soifyouwanttoknowforcertainwhatyou'regettingwithyourgroceries,youmightwantto

sticktothefarmer'smarket.

A)?

B)?

I)?

J)necessarily

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C)contains

D)counterparts

E)defined

F)differ

G)?

K)particular

L)perceive

M)second

N)sources

O)?

H)extracted

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.

Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfrom

whichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraph

ismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet2.

Fakeholidayvillawebsitespromptwarning

A)DuringtheBritishwinter,thethoughtoftwoweeksinacoastalvilla(别)withsoul-stirring

viewsoftheseaandahugepooltoenjoy

isenoughtooffset(抵消)thelaboruntilthe

holidaysstart.Foragrowingnumberofpeople,however,theiryearlybreakisturningintoa

nightmareastheyfindthatthepropertytheyhavepaidthousandsfordoesnotexistandthe

websitethroughwhichtheybookedithasdisappeared.

B)Consumershavebeenwarnedtobeawareofthepotentialfordeceptioninthismarket,which

isfarfromuncommon.In2017therewere1,632casesofreported"villafraud(诈骗)",with

victimslosinganaverageof£2,052,accordingtoActionFraud,thenationalcenterfor

reportingsuchfrauds."Millionsofpoundsarelosteachyearbyholidaymakers,"saysSean

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TiptonoftheAssociationofBritishTravelAgents(ABTA).

C)Theproblemhasballoonedinthelast10years,withfraudsbecomingmoreandmore

sophisticated.Thefakewebsiteshaveauthentic-soundingnamesinvolvingamixofkeywords,

typicallyincludingtheplacename,"summer","villas"or"rentals".Detailsoflegitimate

(合

法的)villasareoftenstolenfromothersites."Whenthefraudstersfirststarteditwas

unsophisticated-thewebsiteslookedamateurandtherewasn'talotofeffort,"saysTipton.

"Nowtheyareclever.Theyextensivelyripofflegitimatewebsitesanduseadifferentwebsite

name.They'llhavepicturesofasalesteamanditmightbeapooractorinNewYorkthatis

downastheirheadofsales."

D)FraudsterstargetpopularseasidedestinationsforBritishtouristsvisitingSpainwhereprices

cansoarifdemandexceedssupply.Pricesarekeptwithinreasonablerangestoavoidarousing

suspicion."Avillamightcost£5,000elsewhereandtheywillofferitatsay£3,500.Butabit

ofagiveawayisthatthevillawillbecheaperthanonotherwebsitesand

there'sunlimited

availability,"saysTipton.Fraudstersalsoinvestinpay-per-clickadvertisingtofeatureatthe

topofsearchengineswhenpeopletypeinphrasessuchas"Spanishseasidevillas".

E)Withsuchadegreeofprofessionalism,howcanconsumersfindoutifthewebsitethey're

lookingtobookwithistrustworthy?"Whenpeoplebookholidayvillastheyaredoingso

throughrose-coloredglasses,"saysTonyNeate,chiefexecutiveofGetSafeOnline."They

shouldbeGooglingtheproperty,andlookingonwebsiteslikeGoogleMapsandStreetView

toseeifit'sthere.Also,speaktothepersonyou'rebookingthevillawithonalandlinephone,

asfraudsterstendtoonlyusemobiles."Healsosuggestsaskingsomeonenotgoingonthe

holidaytohavealookatthewebsite."Theymightspotproblemsyoudon'tspot."Another

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potentialredflagisbeingaskedtopaybybanktransfer."Theproblemisthatwhenthemoney

leavesyouraccountit'sintheirsstraightawayandit'sveryhardtotrackit,"saysBarclays'

headofdigitalsafety,JodieGilbert."Wegenerallyrecommendotherformsofpayment,like

creditcard."

F)Littleseemstobeknownaboutthesefraudsters."Thereisnowaytodefinitelyknowwho

theyare,"saysNeate."Itcouldbeanyone.Itcouldbeyournext-doorneighborororganized

crimeinRussia."ActionFraudsayspeopleshouldensurethecompanyrentingthevillaisa

memberofarecognizedtradebodysuchasABTA.

G)"ByworkingwithindustrypartnerssuchasABTAandGetSafeOnline,weareabletoissue

alertsaboutthelatestthreatstheyshouldbeawareof.Ifyoubelieveyouhavefallenvictimto

fraudorcyber-crime,pleasereportittoActionFraud,"itadds.ABTAsaysitistryingto

combattheissuebyrunningpublicawarenesscampaigns."It'sagrowingproblemandpeople

can'tstopfraudstersbeingdishonest,"saysTipton."They'restillgoingtodoit.It'snot

impossibletostopbutasit'sinternet-basedit'shardertopursue."

H)NickCooper,thefounderandco-ownerofvillabookingcompanyVillaPlus,estimateshis

companyhasuncoveredmorethan200fakevillawebsitesoverthepasttwoyears,and

doesn'tbelieveenoughisbeingdone."Itishopelesstoreportfakevillawebsitestothe

internetgiantswhohostthem,"hesays."Ifounditimpossibletospeaktoanyone.Also,once

onebankaccountgetsreported,theysimplyuseanother."

I)

Fornowtheonlywaytostopfraudstersappearsultimatelytolieinthehandsoftheconsumer.

"Whenpeoplebooktheirholidaystheygetsoemotionallyinvolved,andwhentheyfindthat

villaatagoodpricewithavailabilityinpeakseason,theyareaneasytarget,"saysCooper.

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"Thepublichastolearntobefarmoreawaretheyareatargetforthesesortoffrauds."But

it'snotjustthefinancialcost."Afamilywillturnupatvillaandfindoutitdoesn'texistorthe

ownerdoesn'tknowwhoyouare,"saysTipton."Theproblemthenisyouhavetofind

accommodationatshortnotice.Itcanbeincrediblyexpensivebutit'stheemotionalcost,too."

J)CarlaO'ShaughnessyfromSydenhamwassearchinglastyearforagooddealtobookavilla

inMajorcaforasummerbreakforthefamily.Iwascomparingpricesonlineandfoundone

onthatcameinabitcheaperthanothers,"saysO'Shaughnessy.Sheemailedthecompanyvia

itswebsite,askinghowfarthevillawasfromtheairportandaboutlocalrestaurants."They

camebackwithplausibleanswers;itwasallveryfriendlyandprofessional,"shesays.Happy

withtheresponses,O'Shaughnessypaidthefullamountof£3,000viabanktransferintothe

travelagent'saccountandthenforgotaboutituntilamonthbeforethebooking.

K)"Itriedloggingontothewebsiteandcouldn't,"sherecalls."IGoogledtheagent'snameand

therewerelotsofcomplaintsabouthimbeingafraudster.IfonlyI'dGoogledbeforebutI

neverthoughtofit."Althoughshefoundanothervillaintimefortheirholiday,sheadmitsshe

wasmuchmorecautious."Ipaidthroughasecurethird-partysiteandhadphone

conversationswiththeagent.ButIwasn'tabletorelaxuntilweturnedupandIhadthekeys."

36.Fraudstersoftenstealvilla-bookinginformationfromauthenticholidaywebsites.

37.Fraudsterskeepchangingtheirbankaccountstoavoidbeingtracked.

38.Itissuggestedthatpeoplenotgoingontheholidaymighthelpdetectwebsitefrauds.

39.MoreandmoreBritishholidaymakersfindtheseasidevillastheybookedonlineactually

nonexistent.

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40.Bycheckinganagent'sonlinebeforebookingavillaholidaymakerscanavoidfalling

name

intotraps.

41.Fraudstersaredifficulttoidentifyaccordingtoanonlinesafetyexpert.

42.Holidaymakershavebeenalertedtothefrequentoccurrenceofonlinevilla-bookingfrauds.

43.Itisholidaymakersthatcanprotectthemselvesfromfallingvictimtofrauds.

44.Holidaymakersareadvisednottomakepaymentsbybanktransfer.

45.Fraudstersadvertisetheirvillasatreasonablepricessoasnottobesuspected.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Socialmediacanbeapowerfulcommunicationtoolforemployees,helpingthemto

collaborate,shareideasandsolveproblems.Researchhasshownthat82%ofemployeesthink

socialmediacanimproveworkrelationshipsand60%believeitcansupportdecision-making

processes.Thesebeliefscontributetoamajorityofworkersconnectingwithcolleaguesonsocial

media,evenduringworkhours.

Employerstypicallyworrythatsocialmediaisaproductivitykiller;morethanhalfofU.S.

employersreportedlyblockaccesstosocialmediaatwork.Inmyresearchwith277employeesof

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ahealthcareorganizationIfoundtheseconcernstobemisguided.Socialmediadoesn'treduce

productivitynearlyasmuchasitkillsemployeeretention.

Inthefirstpartofthestudy,Isurveyedtheemployeesaboutwhyandhowtheyused

platformslikeFacebook,Twitter,orLinkedIn.Respondentswerethenaskedabouttheirwork

behaviors,includingwhethertheyfeltmotivatedintheirjobsandshowedinitiativeatwork.I

foundthatemployeeswhoengageinonlinesocialinteractionswithcoworkersthroughsocial

mediablogstendtobemoremotivatedandcomeupwithinnovativeideas.Butwhenemployees

interactwithindividualsoutsidetheorganization,theyarelessmotivatedandshowlessinitiative.

Thesefindingssuggestthattheeffectsofsocialmediadependonwhoemployeesinteractwith;

employeeswhointeractwiththeircolleaguessharemeaningfulworkexperiences,butthose

makingconnectionsoutsidetheorganizationaredistractedandunproductive.

Inthesecondpartofthestudy,Ifound76%ofemployeesusingsocialmediaforworktook

aninterestinotherorganizationstheyfoundonsocialmedia.WhenIexaminedhowrespondents

expressedopennesstonewcareersandemployers,Ifoundthattheyengagedinsomekey

activitiesincludingresearchingneworganizationsandmakingnewworkconnections.

Thesefindingspresentadilemmaformanagers:employeesusingsocialmediaatworkare

moreengagedandmoreproductive,buttheyarealsomorelikelytoleaveyourcompany.

Managersshouldimplementsolutionsthatneutralizetheretentionriskcausedbysocialmedia.

Theycancreatesocialmediagroupsinwhichemployeeswillbemorelikelytocollaborate

andlesslikelytosharewithdrawalintentionsordiscussionsaboutexternaljobopportunities.

Managerscanusesocialmediatodirectlyreduceturnover(跳槽)intentionsbyrecognizing

employees'accomplishmentsandgivingvisibilitytoemployees'successstories.

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46.Whatdoespreviousresearchaboutsocialmediareveal?

A)Mostemployeesthinkpositivelyofit.

B)Itimprovesemployees'workefficiency.

C)Itenablesemployeestoformconnections.

D)Employeesspendmuchoftheirworktimeonit.

47.Whatdidtheauthor'sownresearchfindaboutsocialmedia?

A)Itinfluencesemployees'worknegatively.

B)Itdoesmuchharmtoemployeeloyalty.

C)Itkillsemployees'motivationforwork.

D)Itaffectsemployers'decision-making.

48.Whatdidtheauthorfindinhisstudyabouttheeffectofonlinesocialinteractions?

A)Itdiffersfromemployeetoemployee.

B)Ittendstovarywiththeplatformused.

C)Ithasmuchtodowithwhomemployeesinteractwith.

D)Itishardtomeasurewhenemployeesinteractwithoutsiders.

49.Whatproblemwasfoundwithemployeesusingsocialmediaforwork?

A)Theyseldomexpressedtheirinnerthoughts.

B)Mostofthemexplorednewjobopportunities.

C)Theywerereluctanttocollaboratewithothers.

D)Manyofthemendedwithlowerproductivity/

50.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestmanagersdotoneutralizetheretentionrisk?

A)Givepromotionstoemployeesfortheiraccomplishments.

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B)Createopportunitiesforemployeestosharesuccessstories.

C)Acknowledgeemployees'achievementsthroughsocialmedia.

D)Encourageemployeestoincreasetheirvisibilityonsocialmedia.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inthecomingeraofbudgetcutstoeducation,distancelearningcouldbecomethenorm.The

temptationforthoseinchargeofeducationbudgetstotradeteachersfortechnologycouldbeso

strongthattheyignorethedisadvantagesofdistancelearning.Schoolfacilitiesareexpensiveto

buildandmaintain,andteachersareexpensivetoemploy.Onlineclassesdonotrequirebuildings

andeachclasscanhosthundredsofpeoplesimultaneouslyresultingingreatersavings,thus

increasingthetemptationofdistanceeducationforthoseconcernedmoreaboutbudgetsthan

learning.Butmovingawayfromatraditionalclassroominwhichaliving,breathinghumanbeing

teachesandinteractswithstudentsdailywouldbeadisaster.Physicallyattendingschoolhas

hiddenbenefits:gettingupeverymorninginteractingwithpeers,andbuildingrelationshipswith

teachersareessentialskillstocultivateinyoungpeople.Moreover,schoolsshouldbemorethan

simpleinstitutionsoftraditionallearning.Theyarenowplacesthatprovidemeals.Theyareplaces

wherestudentsreceivecounselingandothersupport.

Thosepolicy-makersareoftenfascinatedbythelatesttechnologyineducationandits

potentialtotransformeducationovernight.Butonlineeducationdoesnotallowateachertokeepa

strugglingstudentafterclassandofferhelp.Educationalvideosmaydeliveracademiccontent,but

theyareunabletomakeeyecontactorassessastudent'slevelofengagement.Distanceeducation

willnevermatchthepersonalteachinginatraditionalclassroom.Intheirfirst18yearsoflife,

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Americanchildrenspendonly9%oftheirtimeinschool.Yetteachersareexpectedtoprepare

themtoberesponsiblecitizens,cultivatetheirsocialskills,encouragesuccessfultime

management,andenhancetheircapacitytoflourishinanincreasinglyharshlabormarket.Given

theseexpectations,schoolsshouldnotbecomepermanently"remote".

Thepoweroftheclassroomisrootedinthehumani