耳的解剖生理培训课件

耳的解剖生理Theearconsistsofthreeparts:external、middle、internal外耳中耳内耳2耳的解剖生理temporalboneLocatedatthetwosidesofthecranialbone

PartofthelateralwallandbottomofcranialboneItconsistsapartof：middlecranialfossa,Posteriorcranialfossa.3耳的解剖生理Anatomyoftemporalbone

Consistsoffiveparts：squamousportion

、tympanicportion

、mastoidportion

、petrousportion

、styloidprocess

4耳的解剖生理1.externalear→containstwoparts:auricleandtheexternalauditorymeatus

auricle：HelixTriangularfossaAntihelixConchaTragusAntitragusLobule5耳的解剖生理Featuresoftheskin:

.painful.exudation.disfiguration.easytobefroozing6耳的解剖生理Auralpseudocyst

7耳的解剖生理Congenitalpreauricularfistula

8耳的解剖生理externalear

externalauditorymeatusLong2.5～3.5cm

Cartilagiousportion(outer1/3)

Bonyportion(inner2/3)“S”

pullingthepinnaupwards、backwardsandoutwards9耳的解剖生理2.middleear

Containsfourparts：

tympaniccavitythepharyngotympanictubethetympanicantrumthemastoidprocess

10耳的解剖生理middleear

1.tympaniccavity

ItisacavityfullofgasandlocatesbetweenthetympanicmembraneandtheexternalwalloftheinnerearThreepartsandsixwalls

11耳的解剖生理middleear

1.tympaniccavity

Threeparts:MesotympanumEpitympanumHypotympanum.12耳的解剖生理middleear1.tympaniccavity

SixwallsofthetympaniccavityThelateralwall:tympanicmembrane

、externalwalloftheatticThemedialwall：thelateralwalloftheinnerearTheanteriorwall：Theposteriorwall：Thesuperiorwall：Theinferiorwall：13耳的解剖生理middleear1.tympaniccavity

Thelateralwalltympanicmembrane9mmlong8mmalong

thinkness0.1mm

threelayers:outerskin,middlefibre,innermembrane

45°

14耳的解剖生理tympanicmembranestapes鼓索malleusincusFacialnerve咽鼓管鼓窦入口鼓窦乳突气房15耳的解剖生理middleear1.tympaniccavity

Themedialwall(thelateralwallofinnerear)VestibularwindowCochlearwindowProminenceoffacialcanalLateralsemicircularcanal16耳的解剖生理外半规管凸vestibularwindow3.2mm2鼓岬promontory蜗窗cochlearwindow2mm2面神经管垂直段

Themedialwall(thelateralwallofinnerear)面神经管凸

(水平段)cochleariformprocess17耳的解剖生理middleear1.tympaniccavity

Theposteriorwallupperpart-aditus,

theprominenceoflateralsemicircularcanal.Infero-mediapart-Pyramidaleminencebottompart-theperpendicularpartofthefacialnerve18耳的解剖生理

颈内动脉管

internalcarotidarterycanal

Theanteriorwall咽鼓管鼓口

ostiumtympanicumtubaeauditivae鼓膜张肌半管口semicanalisorificetensoristympani19耳的解剖生理颈内动脉管鼓窦盖鼓室盖Theinferiorwall:carotidcanal,jugularbulb

Thesuperiorwall:

tegmentympani20耳的解剖生理鼓索神经镫骨肌颈静脉球内耳middleear1.tympaniccavityTympaniccontents

Auditoryossicles：malleus、incus、stapesmuscles：ThetensortympanimuscleThestapediusmusclenerves：

21耳的解剖生理锤骨malleus镫骨stapes砧骨incus听骨链ossiculachain

middleear

1.tympaniccavity

22耳的解剖生理middleear

2.pharyngotympanictube

35㎜longBonypart(lateral1/3)：openCartilaginouspart(inner2/3)closeisthmus：CommunicationbetweenthetympaniccavityandthenasopharynxInchildren：shorter,wider,morehorizontal,straight。23耳的解剖生理middleear

2.pharyngotympanictube

24耳的解剖生理鼓窦鼓窦入口aditusofantrum乳突气房上鼓室鼓窦盖3.Tympanicantrum:25耳的解剖生理

气化型板障型硬化型Fourtypes:

PneumatictypeDiploetictypeSclerotictype4.Mastoidprocess:26耳的解剖生理Facialnerve乳突气房Tympanicmembrance锤骨柄Pneumatictypejugularbulb27耳的解剖生理3.Innerear(labyrinth)InthepetrouspartofthetemporalboneContainsimportantperceivingequipmentspfthehearingandposition

28耳的解剖生理Innerear(labyrinth)

AccordingtoanatomyandfunctionsemicircularcanalsvestibulecochleaAccordingtohistologyMembranouslabyrinthOsseouslabyrinth29耳的解剖生理Innerear(labyrinth)

Osseouslabyrinth30耳的解剖生理Innerear(labyrinth)

VestibuleAntero-inferiorwall：ovoidopening–scalavestibuliofthecochleaPostero-superiorwall：fiveopenings-osseoussemicircularcanalsLateralwall：ovalwindow,portalabyrinthi。32耳的解剖生理Innerear(labyrinth)

semicircularcanalslateral（horizontal）anterior（vertical）posterior（vertical）33耳的解剖生理Innerear(labyrinth)

Cochlea：Shapedliketheshellofasnail5mminheightWinds2.5～2.75turnsroundthecentralmodiolus

34耳的解剖生理Innerear(labyrinth)

Cochlea

innerstructure(threecompartments）Scalavestibuli(perilymph)Scalatympani(perilymph)Scalamedia(endolymph)35耳的解剖生理Innerear(labyrinth)

Cochlea

themembranouscochlearduct(organofcorti)36耳的解剖生理OrganofCORTI37耳的解剖生理CochlearnerveVestibularnerve听觉皮层耳蜗核丘脑斜方体acousticnerveanditsconductiblepassage

38耳的解剖生理Physiologyoftheear

hearing、balanceairconduction、boneconduction39耳的解剖生理Physiologyoftheear

OutlineExternalear：collectthesoundwavesMiddleearDrumandossicularchain：increasethesoundintensitylevelEustachiantube：keepthebalancebetweentheinsideandtheoutsideofthemiddleearInnerear：cochlea：conductingsound、perceivingsoundvestibule：balance40耳的解剖生理collectthesoundwavesIncreasethesoundpressureby10-12dB

whentheresonantfrequencyofexternalmeatusisabout3800HzProtectthedeepstructureoftheearfromdamaging.Physiologyoftheear

Externalear41耳的解剖生理Drumandtheossicularchain：increasethesoundpressureEustachiantube:

keepthebalanceofpressurebetweentheinsideandtheoutsideofthemiddleear

drainage

sounddeadening

againstthereversedinfectionPhysiologyoftheear

Middleear42耳的解剖