英语四级真题(一)

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2016年12月英语四级真题（卷一）

PartⅠ

Writing

(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistofindajobsomewhereandtheothertostartabusinessofyourown.Youaretomakeadecision.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourdecision.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartⅡ>>音频下载

ListeningComprehension

(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

A.Itwasdangeroustolivein.B.Itwasgoingtoberenovated.C.Hecouldnolongerpaytherent.D.Hehadsoldittotheroyalfamily.

A.Astrike.

A.Theylostcontactwiththeemergencydepartment.B.Theyweretrappedinanundergroundelevator.

C.Theywereinjuredbysuddenlyfallingrocks.D.Theysentcallsforhelpviaaportableradio.

A.Theytriedhardtorepairtheelevator.

A.Raisepostagerates.B.Improveitsservices.

C.Redesigndeliveryroutes.

D.Closesomeofitspostoffices.

A.Shorteningbusinesshours.B.Closingofficesonholidays.

C.StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.D.Computerizingmallsortingprocesses.

A.Manypostofficestaffwilllosetheirjobs.B.Manypeoplewillbegintocomplain.

C.Taxpayerswillbeverypleased.D.Alotofcontroversywillarise.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeach

conversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

A.Hewillbekeptfrompromotion.B.Hewillgothroughretraining.

C.Hewillbegivenawarning.D.Hewilllosepartofhispay.

A.Heisalwaysontime.

A.Sheisatradeunionrepresentative.B.Sheisinchargeofpublicrelations.

C.Sheisaseniormanageroftheshop.D.Sheisbetterathandlingsuchmatters.A.Heisskilledandexperienced.

A.Open.B.Friendly.C.Selfish.D.Reserved.

A.Theystayquiet.B.Theyreadabook.

A.Shewasalwaystreatedasaforeigner.B.ShewaseagertovisitanEnglishcastle.

C.Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleague'shome.

D.Shewasunwillingtomakefriendswithworkmates.

A.Housesaremuchmorequiet.

B.Housesprovidemoreprivacy.

C.Theywanttohavemorespace.

D.Theywantagardenoftheirown.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A.Theydon'thavemuchchoiceofjobs.

B.Theyarelikelytogetmuchhigherpay.

C.Theydon'thavetogothroughjobinterviews.

D.Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.

A.Asktheirprofessorsforhelp.B.Lookatschoolbulletinboards.C.Visittheschoolcareersservice.D.Gothroughcampusnewspapers.

A.Helpingstudentsfindthebooksandjournalstheyneed.B.Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.C.Helpingstudentsarrangeappointmentswithlibrarians.

A.Ittastesbetter.B.Itiseasiertogrow.

C.Itmaybesoldatahigherprice.

D.Itcanbettersurviveextremeweathers.

A.Itishealthierthangreentea.

A.Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymanyteadrinkers.B.Itdoesnotbringthepromisedhealthbenefits.

C.Ithasmadeteafarmers'lifeeasier.D.Itdoesnothaveastablemarket.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

A.Theyneeddecorationstoshowtheirstatus.

A.Theywereproudoftheircreations.B.Theycouldonlytrytocreateatnight.

C.Theymadegreatcontributionstosociety.

D.Theyfocusedonthequalityoftheirproducts.

A.Makewisechoices.

B.Identifyfakecrafts.

C.Designhandicraftsthemselves.

D.Learntheimportanceofcreation.

A.Toboostthelocaleconomy.B.Toattractforeigninvestments.

C.Toarousepublicinterestincrafts.D.Topreservethetraditionalculture.PartⅢ

ReadingComprehension

(40minutes)

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedby

aletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whensomeonecommitsacriminalact,wealwayshopethepunishmentwillmatchtheoffense.Butwhenitcomestooneofthecruelestcrimes--animalfighting--things26workoutthatway.Dog-fightingvictimsare27andkilledforprofitand"sport,"yettheircriminalabusersoftenreceivea28sentenceforcausingalifetimeofpain.Roughlyhalfofallfederally-convictedanimalfightersonlygetprobation(缓刑).

Someprogresshasbeenmadeintheprosecution(起诉)ofanimalfighters.ButfederaljudgesoftenrelyheavilyontheU.S.SentencingGuideLineswhenthey29penalties,andinthecaseofanimalfighting,thoseguidelinesareoutdatedandextremely30

TheU.S.SentencingCommission,which31thesesentencingguidelines,isrevisitingthem,proposingtoraisetheminimumsentencefrom6-12to21-27months.Thisisastepin

theright32,butwe'dliketoseetheU.S.SentencingCommissionmakefurtherchangestotheguidelines.

Alongwiththiseffort,we'reworkingwithanimaladvocatesandstateandfederallawmakersto33anti-crueltylawsacrossthecountry,aswellassupportinglawsandpoliciesthatassistoverburdenedanimal34thatcareforanimalfightingvictims.Thishelpis35importantbecausethehighcostofcaringforanimalvictimsisamajorfactorthatpreventspeoplefromgettinginvolvedincrueltycasesinthefirstplace.

convenient

creates

critically

determine

direction

hesitate

inadequate

inspired

method

minimal

rarely

shelters

strengthen

sufferings

torturedSectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.

Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

WhenWorkBecomesaGame

A)Whatmotivatesemployeestodotheirjobswell?Competitionwithcoworkers,forsome.

Thepromiseofrewards,forothers.Pureenjoymentofproblem-solving,foraluckyfew.

B)Increasingly,companiesaretappingintothesedesiresdirectlythroughwhathascometobeknownas"gamification":essentially,turningworkintoagame."Gamificationisaboutunderstandingwhatitisthatmakesgamesengagingandwhatgamedesignersdotocreateagreatexperienceingames,andtakingthoselearningsandapplyingthemtoothercontextssuch

astheworkplaceandeducation,"explainsKevinWerbach,agamificationexpertwhoteachesattheWhartonSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUnitedStates.

Itmightmeanmonitoringemployeeproductivityonadigitalleaderboardandofferingprizestothewinner,orgivingemployeesdigitalbadgesorstarsforcompletingcertainactivities.Itcouldalsomeantrainingemployeeshowtodotheirjobsthroughvideogameplatforms.CompaniesfromGoogletoL'OréaltoIBMtoWellsFargoareknowntousesomedegreeofgamificationintheirworkplaces.Andmoreandmorecompaniesarejoiningthem.Arecentreportsuggeststhattheglobalgamificationmarketwillgrowfrom$1.65billionin2015to$11.1billion

by2020.

D)Theconceptofgamificationisnotentirelynew,Werbachsays.Companies,marketersandteachershavelonglookedforfunwaystoengagepeople'sreward-seekingorcompetitivespirits.CrackerJackshasbeen"gamifying"itssnackfoodbyputtingasmallprizeinsideformorethan

100years,headds,andtheturn-of-the-centurysteelmagnate(巨头)CharlesSchwabissaidtohaveoftencomeintohisfactoryandwrittenthenumberoftonsofsteelproducedonthepast

shiftonthefactoryfloor,thusmotivatingthenextshiftofworkerstobeatthepreviousone.

Buttheword"gamification"andthewidespread,consciousapplicationoftheconceptonlybeganinearnestaboutfiveyearsago,Werbachsays.Thanksinparttovideogames,thegenerationnowenteringtheworkforceisespeciallyopentotheideaofhavingtheirworkgamified."Weareatapointwhereinmuchofthedevelopedworldthevastmajorityofyoung

peoplegrewupplayingvideogames,andanincreasinglyhighpercentageofadultsplaythesevideogamestoo,"Werbachsays.

F)Anumberofcompanieshavesprungup--GamEffective,BunchbailandBadgeville,tonameafew--inrecentyearsofferinggamificationplatformsforbusinesses.Theplatformsthataremosteffectiveturnemployees'ordinaryjobtasksintopartofarichadventurenarrative."Whatmakesagamegame-likeisthattheplayeractuallycaresabouttheoutcome,"Werbachsays."Theprincipleisaboutunderstandingwhatismotivatingtothisgroupofplayers,whichrequiressomeunderstandingofpsychology."

Somepeople,Werbachsays,aremotivatedbycompetition.Salespeopleoftenfallintothiscategory.Forthem,therightkindofgamificationmightbeturningtheirsaiespitchesinto

acompetitionwithotherteammembers,completewithadigitalleaderboardshowingwhoiswinningatalltimes.Othersaremoremotivatedbycollaborationandsocialexperiences.OnecompanyWerbachhasstudiedusesgamificationtocreateasenseofcommunityandboostemployees'morale(士气).Whenemployeeslogintotheircomputers,they'reshownapictureofoneoftheircoworkersandaskedtoguessthatperson'sname.

Gamificationdoesnothavetobedigital.MonicaCornettirunsacompanythatgamifiesemployeetrainings.Sometimesthisinvolvestechnology,butoftenitdoesnot.Sherecently

designedagamificationstrategyforasaiestrainingcompanywithastorm-chasingtheme.Employeesformed"stormchaserteams"andcompetedinstorm-themededucationalexercisestoearnvariousrewards."Rewardsdonothavetobestuff,"Cornettisays."Rewardscanbeflexibleworkinghours."Anothertraining,thisoneforpayrolllaw,usedaSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfstheme."SnowWhite"isavailableforeveryonetouse,butthe"dwarfs"arestillundercopyright,soCornettiinventedsound-alikecharacters(GrumpyGus,DopeyDan)toillustratespecificpayrolllawprinciples.

I)Somepeopledonottakenaturailytogamifiedworkenvironments,Cornettisays.Inherexperience,peopleinpositionsofpowerorpeopleinfinanceorengineeringdonottendto

likethesoundoftheword."Ifwearedesigningforengineers,I'mnottalkingabouta'game'atall,"Cornettisays."I'mtalkingabouta'simulation'(模拟),I'mtalkingabout'beingabletosolvethisproblem.'"

J)Gamificationis"notamagicbullet,"Werbachwarns.Agamificationstrategythatisnotsufficientlythoughtthroughorwelltailoredtoitsplayersmayengagepeopleforalittlewhile,

butitwillnotmotivatepeopleinthelongterm.Itcanalsobeexploitative,especiallywhenusedwithvulnerablepopulations.Forworkers,especiallylow-paidworkers,whodesperatelyneedtheirjobsyetknowtheycanbeeasilyreplaced,gamificationmayfeelmoreliketheHungerGames.WerbachgivestheexampleofseveralDisneylandhotelsinAnaheim,Caiifornia,whichusedlargedigitalleaderboardstodisplayhowefficientlylaundryworkerswereworkingcomparedtooneanother.Someemployeesfoundtheboardmotivating.Toothers,itwastheoppositeoffun.Somebegantostoptakingbathroombreaks,worriedthatiftheirproductivityfelltheywouldbefired.Pregnantemployeesstruggledtokeepup.InaLosAngelesTimesarticle,oneemployeereferredtotheboardasa"digitalwhip.""Itactuallyhadaverynegativeeffectonmoraleandperformance,"Werbachsays.

K)Still,gamificationonlystandstobecomemorepopular,hesays,"asmoreandmorepeoplecomeintotheworkforcewhoarefamiliarwiththestructuresandexpressionsofdigitaigames.""Wearefarfromreachingthepeak,"Cornettiagrees."Thereisnoreasonthiswillgoaway."

36.Somefamouscompaniesarealreadyusinggamificationandmorearetryingtodothesame.

Gamificationisnotamiraclecureforallworkplacesasitmayhavenegativeresults.

Toenhancemorale,onecompanyasksitsemployeestoidentifytheirfellowworkers

whenstartingtheircomputers.

Theideaofgamificationwaspracticedbysomebusinessesmorethanacenturyago.

Thereisreasontobelievethatgamificationwillbeheretostay.

Videogamescontributedinsomewaystothewideapplicationofgamification.

Whenturningworkintoagame,itisnecessarytounderstandwhatmakesgames

interesting.

Gamificationinemployeetrainingdoesnotalwaysneedtechnology.

Themostsuccessfulgamificationplatformstransformdailyworkassignmentsintofun

experiences.

Itisnecessarytousetermsotherthan"gamification"forsomeprofessions.SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions

orunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

RecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretainstudentsandkeepyoungerfacultymembersfromgoingelsewhere.

Itseemshighereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhosetaskitisto"solve"problems--realorimagined.Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthreedifferentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolderstudentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired--nottoteachbuttoholdmeetings--hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforanadministrativefixer.TakeourCenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,thecenterisaclearinghouse(信息沟通中心)forusingtechnologyinclassroomsandinonlinecourses.It'sanadministrativesham(欺诈)ofthekindthathasmultipliedoverthelast30years.

Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems--classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being--mightbeimprovedbycuttingdownthebureaucratic(官僚的)mechanismsandmeetingsandinsteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersandstudentsactuallykneweachother.

Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirownway--thecurriculumshouldbeflexible

enoughsothattheycanusetheirindividualtalentstoachievethegoalsofthecourse.

Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedtoteach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenot

peoplewhoaregreatatandconsumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Good

teachingandresearcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingis

anartandacraft,talentandpractice;itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.Itis

utterlyconfusingtomethatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthatprettymuch

anyonewhohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbestandworstteachers.

Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?A.Theyareeffectivelytacklingrealorimaginedproblems.

B.Theyoftenfailtocombineteachingwithresearch.C.Theyareover-burdenedwithadmires"trativestaff.D.Theylacktalenttofixtheirdeepeningproblems.

Accordingtotheauthor,whatkindofpeopledouniversitieslackmost?A.Goodclassroomteachers.

B.Efficientadministrators.

C.Talentedresearchers.

D.Motivatedstudents.

Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheclassesatpresent?A.Theyfacilitatestudents'independentlearning.

B.Theyhelpstudentsformcloserrelationships.C.Theyhavemoreolderstudentsthanbefore.D.Theyaremuchbiggerthanisdesirable.

Whatdoestheauthorthinkofteachingability?

A.Itrequirestalentandpractice.

B.Itiscloselyrelatedtoresearch.

C.Itisachieffactoraffectingstudents'learning.

D.Itcanbeacquiredthroughpersistentpractice.

50.Whatistheauthor'ssuggestionforimprovinguniversityteaching?

A.Creatinganenvironmentforteacherstosharetheirteachingexperiences.

B.Hiringmoreclassroomteachersandallowingthemtoteachintheirownway.

C.Usinghightechnologyinclassroomsandpromotingexchangeofinformation.

D.Cuttingdownmeetingsandencouragingadministrativestafftogotoclassrooms.

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeencrackedyearsago--byMcDonald's.AccordingtoanewstudyfromCornellUniversity'sFoodandBrandLab,smallnon-foodrewards--likethetoysinMcDonald'sHappyMeals--stimulatethesamereward

centersinthebrainasfooddoes.

Theresearchers,ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentstoseeifpeople

wouldchooseasmallermealffitwaspairedwithanon-fooditem.

Theyfoundthatthemajorityofbothkidsandadultsoptedforahaft-sizedportionwhen

combinedwithaprize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.

Evenmoreinterestingisthatthepromiseofafuturerewardwasenoughtomakeadults

choosethesmallerportion.Oneoftheprizesusedwasalotteryticket(彩票),witha$10,$50or

$100payout,andthiswasaseffectiveasatangiblegiftinpersuadingpeopletoeatless.

"Thefactthatparticipantswerewillingtosubstitutepartofafooditemforthemere

prospectofa

relativelysmallmonetaryawardisinteresting,"saysReimann.

Hetheorizesthatitistheemotionalcomponentoftheseintangibleprizesthatmakethem

effective.Infact,vaguely-statedpossibilitiesofwinningaprizeweremoreeffectivethanoptionswithhardoddsincluded.

"Oneexplanationforthisfindingisthatpossibleawardsmaybemoreemotionallyprovoking

thancertraintyReimann."Theofaddedattractionandawards,"saysuncertainty

winningprovidesdesirabilitythroughemotional'thrills.'Thepossibilityofreceivinganawardalsoproducesastateofhope--astatethatisinitselfpsychologicallyrewarding."Inotherwords,

there'sareasonwhypeopleliketogamble.

Howmightthisknowledgebeusedtohelppeopleeatmorehealthily?

Onepossibilityisahealthyoptionthatoffersthechancetowinaspa(温泉疗养)weekend.

Ormaybetherewardofahalf-sizedportioncouldbeahalf-sizeddesserttobeclaimedonlyona

agreenhandwhohasjustgraduatedfromacollege,it'stotallybeyondmyabilitytohandlesucha

complexsituation.⑤Foranother,workingforotherscoulddevelopmypersonalities,suchasperseverance,hardworkingandstresstoleranceability,whichcanhelpmebecomemorepreparedandqualifiedifIwouldliketostartupmyownbusiness.

Toconclude,⑥chancesalwaysfavorthosewhoareprepared.AndIdon'tthinkapersoncouldreally"buildupfromnothing".⑦Asaresult,Iwillfindajobfirstaftergraduation.

PartIIListeningComprehension

NewsReportOne

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

预览两道题各选项，由dangerous，livein，strike，storm，forestfire和attack等词能够推断，新闻内容与某个危险事件致使房子不能够居住有关。

1.WhydidJohnGordonmoveoutoftheAbergeldieCastle?

A。新闻中提到，城堡的主人约翰·戈登周日被迫搬离城堡，这是由于迪河的河水冲走了

大概60英尺的土地，致使城堡离河太近，十分危险。由此可知，约翰·戈登搬离城堡是由于居住在这里会有危险，故答案为A。

2.WhathappenedinScotlandlastWednesday?

B。新闻中提到，自法兰克风暴于上周三侵袭苏格兰后，苏格兰环境保护署已经宣布了高出35次覆盖多个地域的洪水警报。由此可知，上周三苏格兰碰到了风暴侵袭，故答案为

B。

NewsReportTwo

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

预览两道题各选项，由选项中的lostcontact，trapped，undergroundelevator，callsforhelp，

repair，supplies和miners等词能够推断，新闻内容与矿工受困和救援有关。

B。

C。

NewsReportThree

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

预览三道题各选项，由选项中的postagerates，services，delivery，postoffices，Shortening，

Closing，Stopping和mail等词能够推断，新闻内容与邮政现有的问题以及为应付问题所采用

的举措有关。

D

C

AConversationOne

M:Mrs.Hampton,we'vegottroubleinthepressroomthismorning.W:Ohdear,what

about?

M:Oneofthepressoperatorsarrivedanhourandahaftlate.

W:(8)Butthat'sastraightforwardaffair.Hewillsimplylosepartofhispay.That'swhywehaveaclockinsystem.

M:Butthepointisthemanwasclockedinat8o'clock.WehaveJohnstandingbythetimeclock,andheswearshesawnothingirregular.

W:(9-1)IsJohnreliable?

(9-2)Yes,heis.That'swhywechosehimforthejob.

Haveyouspokentothemanwhowaslate?

M:Notyet.IthoughtI'dhaveawordwithyoufirst.He'sadifficultman,andIthinkthere's

beensometroubleontheshopfloor.I'vegotafeelingthatthetradeunionrepresentativeis

behindthis.ThemanagertoldmethatJackGreen'sbeenveryactivearoundtheshopthelastfew

days.

W:Well,whatdoyouwantmetodo?

M:(10)Iwaswonderingifyou'dseeSmith--themanwhowaslate--becauseyouaresomuchbetterathandlingthingslikethis.

Oh,alright.I'llseehim.ImustsayIagreewithyouabouttherebeingbadfeelingsintheworkers.(11)I'vehadtheideaforsometimethatJackGreen'sbeenbusystirringthingsupinconnectionwiththelatestwageclaim.He'salwaystryingtomaketrouble.Well,I'llgetthe

managertosendSmithuphere.

D

B

D

CConversationTwo

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.第

预览四道题各选项，第12题各选项均为形容人性格的形容词，察看对某人性格的描绘

13题各选项为对They这个集体的行为描绘，察看这一集体在特定环境中的行为动作

;

;第14题四个选项主语均为与英国或英国人有关，

She，且出现了foreigner和Englishcastle，由此能够推断，对话内容

此题可能察看某位女士在英国所碰到的待遇;第15题察看某类人的住房要求。

12.D

13.A

14.C

15.B

SectionC

PassageOne

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejusth