初中语法直接引语转换间接引语讲解附练习题及答案

直接引语与间接引语直接引语：一字不改的引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分即为直接引语。一般前后用引号，首字母大写。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分即为间接引语。通常以宾语从句的形式出现，不用引号。直接引语变为间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、连接词、语序以及时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。一、人称变化直接引语是第一人称变为间接引语时，一般要变为第三人称；第二人称变为与主句的间接宾语相一致的人称（如果没有间接宾语，可根据上下文的体会确定一个人称）；第三人称一般不改变。例如Hetoldme，＂I’llgiveyouabookwhenImeetyouagain.＂—Hetoldmehewouldgivemeabookwhenhemetmeagain.二、时态的变化如果主句是过去式态，变为间接引语时应向前推一个时态。即一般现在时---一般过去式，现在进行时---过---过去进行时，一般---过去完成时，---过去完成等。例如Shewondered:＂Whenwillthemeetingbegin.＂—Shewonderedwhenthemeetingwouldbegin.但去进行时，现在完成时---过去完成时，一般过去时---过去完成时，过去进行时将来时---过去将来时,现在完成进行时---过去完成进行时，过去完成时过去完成进行时进行时。在以下几种情况下，间接引语的时态不用变化。1、当直接引语表示的是客观真理或经常性的特点时。例如Shesaid,＂Theearthgoesaroundthesun＂.--Shesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2、当直接引语中有绝对具体的过去时间作状语时，保持原来的一般过去时。例如Hesaid,＂Ilefthomein1942.—Hesaidhelefthomein1942.注：间接引语中的谓语动词有时需要适当的调整。Say后的直接引语表示陈述或命令时可变为ask;say后的直接引语表示请求或询问时可变为ask.例如Theteachersaidtome,＂Ihaveseenyourbook..＂—Theteachertoldmethatshehadseenmybook.三、连接词的选择1、陈述句陈述句转化为间接引语时用that引导，也可省略that。主句可用told来代替，可以说saidthat，saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可以直接说toldthat.主句谓语动词可用直接引语中的said，也中的谓语还常有repeat,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think,等。例如Dannysaid，＂IcomefromCanada.＂—DannysaidthathecamefromCanada.2、疑问句直接引语1)、一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句时变为间接引语Isheateacher＂—Sheaskedmeif/whetherhewasateacher.2}、选择疑问句或反意疑问直接引语是选择疑问句需用or;反意疑问句需用ornot变为间接引语时要用whether而不用if.例如Mybrotheraskedme,＂IsTomtallorshort＂—MybrotheraskedmewhetherTomwastallorshort.＂Youarereading,aren’tyou＂hesaidtome.—HeaskedmewhetherIwasreadingornot.3)、特殊疑问句当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，常变成与疑问句同形的连接词引导的宾语从句，用陈述语问号变句号。例如＂Whatdoyouwanttoeat＂heaskedme.—HeaskedmewhatIwantedtoeat.3、祈使是祈使句变为间接引语时，要用不表示，使其成为ask/tell/ordersb(not)todosth句型。例如＂Don’topenthedoor.＂hesaidtoher.—Heaskedhernottoopenthedoor.4、感叹句感叹句变为间接引语时可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。例如Hesaid，＂Whatalovelydayitis!＂—Hesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.—Hesaidthatitwasalovelyday.是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序。主句的动词常用ask,wonder,wanttoknow等。须用if或whether引导。例如Sheaskedme,＂序，句直接引语定式四、语序的变化当直接引语是疑问句变为间接引语时要用陈述语序，即连接词+主语+动词的形式。例如＂Whereareyougoing＂heaskedme.—HeaskedmewhereIwasgoing.但当直接引语中特殊疑问词作主语时，语序不变。例如Heasked,“Whoisyourbrother.”－Heaskedwhowasmybrother.五、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词及方向性动词的变化。now—thentoday—thatdayyesterday—thedaybeforelastmight—thenightbeforetwodaysago—twodaysbeforenextweek—thenextweektomorrow—thenextdaythedayaftertomorrow—intwodays’time或者twodaysafterhere—therethis—thatthese—thosecome—gobring—take例如Hesaid,＂Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.＂—Hesaidhehaddonehishomeworkthedaybefore.六、情态动词的变化can—couldmust—hadto或者mustwill—wouldshall—shouldmay—might一、单项选择：()1.Heasked________forthecomputer.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid()2.“Haveyouseenthefilm”heaskedme.→Heaskedme________.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm()3.“Pleaseclosethewindow,”hesaidtome.→He________me________thewindow.A.saidto;tocloseB.toldto;closingC.asked;tocloseD.saidto;pleaseclose()4.“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid.→Hesaid________.A.thatIamateacherB.IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher()5.Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”→He________verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD.spoketohismotherthattheboyis()6.“You’vealreadygotwell,haven’tyou”sheasked.→Sheasked________ornot.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn’tyouB.whetherIhadalreadygotwellC.haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell()7.Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember”→Heaskedme________.A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember()8.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong”→Heasked________.A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong()9.Heaskedme________withme.A.whatthematterisB.whatthematterisC.what’sthematterD.whatwaswrong()10.Hesaid,“Don’tdothatagain.”→He________me________thatagain.A.saidto;nottodoB.saidto;don’tdoC.told;don’tdoD.told;nottodo二、直接引语转换间接引语1.“Isawanoteonmydesk.”shesaid.2.Mothersaid,“I’llgototheparktomorrow.”3.Hesaidtome,“Yourbrotherbrokeit.”4.Tomsaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”5.“Westayedtherefortwoweeks.”shetoldme.6.Shesaid,“Ihavegivenupsmoking.”7.“We’veknowneachotherforaboutthreeyears.”theyoungmantoldhim.8.“Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.”hesaid.9.“Mothergavemeanewbookasapresentyesterday.”Marysaid.10.“DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese”theteacheraskedme.11.“Whatdidyoudoyesterday”sheaskedme.12.“Wouldyoulikeanapple”motheraskedme.13.“Don’topenthedoor.”shesaidtome.14.“Comehereearlytomorrow.”theteachersaidtous.15.“Didyougotothecinemalastnight”sheasked.16.“Keepthedoorclosed.”theoldmansaidtous.17.“Didyougotherebytrainorbybus”theteacherasked.18.“Theyareplayingontheplayground.”Jimsaid.三、在横线上填上合适的词1.Heexclaimedhowlovelythehouse___________.2.Wedidn’tknow___________shehadn’thandedinthepaper.3.Themonitor___________thefiveofustocleantheflooryesterdayafternoon.4.Andersontoldus___________hisfatherhadjustreturnedfromShanghai.5.She___________ustohelptheoldwomaninourvillagethatday.6.Myfatheraskedme___________wasthematterwhenhecameback.7.Thatfellowalways___________mecleanhisshoesforhim.8.Tomsaidthathe___________inthearmyforthreeyears.9.—WhatdidAlicesayjustnow—Shesaidthat___________wouldborrowthatdictionaryformMary.10.Iwonder___________shecanattendmypartythisevening.四、单项选择1.Rightnow,thebossorderedJohntohandinhisdesign________.A.thisafternoonB.thisafternoonC.todayD.thatday2.Jimmy________herifshehadseenhimtherethatafternoon.A.saidtoB.askedC.toldD.ask3.UncleWangorderedusto________hishouseatonce.A.comeoutofB.comeC.gooutofD.go4.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand________theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how5.ChenQiangtoldMr.SmiththatthePeople’sRepublicofChina_______inOctober1,1949.A.foundedB.hadbeenfoundedC.foundD.wasfounded6.Shesaidtomethat_______mightkeep________bookfortwodays.A.she;thisB.I;thatC.I;thisD.you;this7.Inordertochoosetherightone,shefirstaskedme_______Iwanttouseadictionaryfor.A.whatB.whyC.howD.whether8.Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey_______therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.A.willgiveB.havebeengivenC.havegivenD.willbegiven9.Lindashoutedthatyou_______yourhomeworkaheadofher.A.finishedB.wouldfinishC.hadfinishedD.havefinished

10.Mygirlfriendaskedme_______Iknewitwasherbirthdaythatdayornot.A.whetherB.thatC.whyD.what五、巩固练习：1、Heasked，＂Isthedooropenorclosed.＂Heasked___________________________________.2、Shesaid,＂Ihaveleftmycoatinyourroom.＂Shesaid___________________________________________.3、Shesaid,＂Iwrotetomyfriendsyesterday.＂Shesaid_______________________________________________________.4、Motheraskedme,＂Whenwillyoubebacknexttime.＂Motheraskedme________________________________________.5、Theteachertoldthestudents,＂Theearthisround.＂Theteachertoldthestudents_________________________.6、TheguardsaidtoLenin,＂Pleaseshowmeyourpass.＂TheguardaskedTom_________________________.7、Dannysaid,＂Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow,LingMing＂DannyaskedLiMing_____________________________________________________.8、Hesaid,＂Mysisterwasheretwodaysago,butsheisnotherenow＂Hesaid________________________________________,but_____wasnottherethen.参考答案：一、单项选择1-5DDCDCBDCDD二、直接引语转换间接引语参考答案1.Shesaidthatshehadseenanoteonherdesk.2.Mothersaidthatshewouldgototheparkthenextday.3.Hetoldmethatmybrotherhadbrokenit.4.Tomsaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.5.Shetoldmethattheyhadstayedtherefortwoweeks.6.Shesaidthatshehadgivenupsmoking.7.Theyoungmantoldhimthattheyhadknowneachotherforaboutthreeyears.8.Hesaidthathehadn’tseenherthosedays.9.Marysaidthat(her)motherhadgiven