新教材高中英语UNIT1Natureinthebalance突破语法大冲关学案译林版

UNIT1Natureinthebalance省略为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或几个成分，这种语法现象叫省略。[观察例句]①(You)Comein，please!②(Areyou)OK?③(Youcome)Thisway，please.④Johnisalawyer，andhiswife(is)acleaner.⑤Theboywantedtoplayfootballinthestreet，buthismotherdidnotallowhimto(playfootballinthestreet)．⑥Hisadvicemademehappy，but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.⑦You'dbetterlookoutwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.⑧Heistheman(who/whom/that)youcandependon.⑨Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.[归纳用法]一、简单句中的省略1．省略主语：主要是祈使句中的you(如例①)。2．省略主语和谓语的一部分(如例②)；主语和谓语都很明确时，可将二者同时省略(如例③)。3．省略宾语：当前后两个句子的宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。—DoyouknowMissGao?—Idon'tknow(MissGao)．[即学即练1]补全下列省略句①Haveaseat，please!Youhaveaseat，please!②Lookslikerain.Itlookslikerain.③Understand?Doyouunderstand?④Thankyouforyourhelp.Ithankyouforyourhelp.⑤Sorry.I'vekeptyouwaitingsolong.I'msorry.I'vekeptyouwaitingsolong.二、并列句中的省略在由and或but等连接的并列句中，常省略重复的部分。1．省略重复的动词(如例④)2．省略重复的短语(如例⑤)3．省略重复的主语与谓语动词(如例⑥)[即学即练2]写出下列句中可以省略的部分①SomeofusstudyJapanese，andothersstudyEnglish.others后的study②Let'sdothedishes.Iwashthedishesandyoudrythedishes.wash和dry后的thedishes③Hehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbuthisfrienddoesn'thaveaknowledgeoffirstaid.doesn't后的haveaknowledgeoffirstaid三、复合句中的省略1．状语从句中的省略(1)在when，while，if，asif，though，although，as，until，once，whether，unless，whenever等引导的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略(如例⑦)。(2)当状语从句的主语为it时，从句中主语和be动词常被省略。Theydon'tusemorewaterthan(itis)necessary.他们不会用太多水。(3)当比较状语从句的谓语与主句中的相同时，从句中谓语常被省略。HerunsasfastasBob(runs)．他跑的和Bob一样快。[即学即练3](1)把下列句子改为省略句①Ifitisso，Ihopeyouwillhaveawonderfultime.→Ifso，Ihopeyouwillhaveawonderfultime.②ThewintersinHangzhouarenotsomildastheyareinGuangzhou.→ThewintersinHangzhouarenotsomildasinGuangzhou．(2)用省略形式完成句子①WhensurfingtheInternet(在网上浏览时)，Idownloadedthefilm.②Heshookhisheadasiftosayno/refuse(好像要拒绝)．2．定语从句中的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词who/whom/that可省略(如例⑧)。(2)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词which/that可省略。Theexactyear(which/that)AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2018.Angela和家人一起在中国度过的那年是2018年。(3)在限制性定语从句中，作状语用的关系代词which/that可省略。Theway(that/inwhich)hespeakstousisreallyannoying.他跟我们说话的方式真烦人。[名师点津]当whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略。[即学即练4]写出下列句中可以省略的部分①Amongthemanydangerswhichsailorshavetoface，probablythegreatestofallisfog.which②Pleasesendusalltheinformationthatyouhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.that3．宾语从句中的省略(1)由that引导的宾语从句，that一般可以省略；但如果动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略(如例⑨)。(2)由when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。IknowthatamoviestarwillcometoourcitybutIdon'tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity)．我知道一个电影明星要来我们的城市，但我不知道他什么时候来。(3)在表示建议、要求、命令等含义的动词或名词后接的宾语从句中，谓语常用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。常用词有：suggest，insist，order，require，suggestion，advice等。Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytoloseweight.医生建议他减肥。[即学即练5]写出下列句中可以省略的部分①Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfeltthathecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.that②Shedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.Idon'tknowwhyshedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday.why后面的shedidn'tgotoschoolyesterdayⅠ.单句语法填空1．Althoughdamaged(damage)byanearthquake，theoldcityremainsmuchofitsoriginalappearance.2．Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceifleft(leave)inthewronghands.3．Itissocoldthatyoucan'tgooutsideunlessfullycoveredinthickclothes.4．Whenwalking(walk)，shefoundaniceshiningthingontheground.5．Children，whenaccompanied(accompany)bytheirparents，areallowedtoenterthestadium.6．Ifpossible，youshouldtryitagain.7．Iwillkeepsilentevenifasked(ask)aboutthismatter.8．WheninAmerica，hemademanyfriendswiththelocalpeople.9．Whynotgo(go)totheteacher'sofficeandaskforsomeadvice?10．IhearTomisill.Ifso，let'sgotoseehim.Ⅱ.短文语法填空Dealingwithhomelessfamilies1.is(be)onepartofmyjob.Itwasfromasinglemother2.thattheveryfirstcallIhadwas.Shewasweeping.NotuntilIpromisedtohelpher3.didshestopweeping.Afterbeingtoldthatshehadgotintoaterriblecaraccident，Ilearnedthataccidentmadeherloseherjob.Becauseofthis，shefellbehindwithherrent4.andshewasbeingforcedtoleaveherapartment.Shehadtopayfortherent.5.Ifnot，nowherecouldsheandhertwochildrengo.Havingexplainedthesituation，shestopped，saying，“I'msosorry！Thankyouforlettingmetellmystory.I'vetriedeveryshelterandcharityintheareabutnoone6.doeslistenorcare.”7．Whatanunfortunatething！Atthattimetherebeingnoopeningsforfamilyhousing，ItookhernumberdownandtoldherI'dcallherrightback.Later，hardly8.hadIfoundanopeningforafamilyinashelteri