上海外国语大学-英语翻译-归化与异化课件

归化还是异化1.归化异化意译的区别1.归化异化意译的区别

1.Theiraccentcouldn’tfoolanativespeaker.A.他们的口音不能愚弄本地人B.本地人是不会听不出他们是外乡人的。C.本地人一听他们的口音便知道他们是外乡人的。2.Smashingamirrorisnowaytomakeanuglypersonbeautiful,norisitawaytomakesocialproblemsevaporate.A.砸镜子并不能解决实际问题。B.砸镜子并不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。3.Hefeltarushoffearchurninghisstomach.A.他感到一阵恐惧涌上胃口B.他感到一阵恐惧涌上心头

4.Hebentsolelyuponprofit.A.他只屈身与利润之前B.只有利润才使他低头。C.他惟利是图

5.WouldtherebeanypossibilityofhavingbreakfastonthetrainbeforewearedecantedinMunich?A.当我们在慕尼黑被腾出车厢之前有任何在火车上吃早饭的可能性吗？

B.我们在慕尼黑被腾出车厢之前，有可能在火车上吃早饭吗？

6.HehadaboutasmuchchanceofgettingajobasofbeingchosenmayorofChicago.A.他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市长的机会差不多B.他找到工作的机会简直跟当选芝加哥市长同样困难。C.他找到工作的机会简直微乎其微。（1）Takecareofthepence,andthepoundswilltakecareofthemselves.

（2）Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer.

（3）Stillwaterrunsdeep.（4）Don'tcrossthebridgetillyougettoit.

（5）Helaughsbestwholaughslast.

（6）Don'tcastoutthefoulwatertillyoubringintheclean.

2。异化Gene`

cosplaynetizen

beatniksourgrapes high-precisionmilitaryoperationivorytower unemploymentabilityblackhumors softlandingssoapopera meteorrainthegardenofeden blogtesttube visionphone bullettrain

webisodeflashmob staycationundergroundnucleartest realnamevalidationqigong Maoism“taijiquan cooliekowtow gaokaoTyphon mandarinChineserunningdogs peacefulrisingzheteng

mah-jongSilenceisgolden.arollingstonegathersnomoss.Barkingdogsdonotbite.outofsight,outofmind.Toomanycooksspoilthebroth.

asgentleasalamb，asgayasalark，asproudaspeacock，asuglyasatoad，aslikeastwopeas如履薄冰tobeonthinice浑水摸鱼tofishintroubledwaters像蜜蜂一样忙碌不停asbusyasbee隔墙有耳wallshaveears.火上浇油addfueltothefire穿着羊皮的狼awolfinsheep'sclothing事实胜于雄辩Factsspeaklouderthanwords.ProverbsforpracticeAbookthatremainsshutisbutablock.Fromsmallbeginningcomegreatthings.Theworldisaladderforsometogoupandotherstogodown.Oftenandlittleeatingmakesaman.Thegrapesaresour.Overdoneisworsethanundone.SentencesforpracticeDon'tshedcrocodiletearstome;youknowyouarereallygladthatthey'remetwithmisfortune.Thegovernment'spolicyhasgivenagreenlighttothedevelopmentofoureconomy.MyuncleCassidygivesmemoney!Pigsmightflyiftheyhadwings.Theprimeminister'sremarkswereinterpretedasanolivebranchheldouttoallhisopponentswhohadfledthecountry.Doremember:whokeepscompanywiththewolf,willlearntohowl.Don'tcastoutthefoulwatertillyoubringintheclean.

I’dliketoaddatouchtoMr.Alister’sexcellentarticlealthoughIknowitislikepaintingthelily.OdetotheWestWindbyJohnMansfieldIt'sawarmwind,thewestwind,fullofbirds'cries,Ineverheardthewestwindbutthetearsinmyeyes.Foritcomesfromthewestlands,theoldbrownhill,AndApril'sinthewestwind,anddaffodils.这是暖风吆，西风吆,充满了小鸟的歌唱,我每一次听到了西风,就不禁泪水吆盈眶,因为它来自那西土,那苍老而暗黄的山峦,西风吹来了四月,也吹来了水仙.2.2thestrengthofforeignizing异化揭示了深层含义，又再现了原文的表层形式，一方面丰富和完善了汉语的表达力，使表达意思的手段更准确，更多样化；另一方面，也为我们了解西方文化打开了一扇窗户。WhenGreekmeetGreek,thencomesthetugofwar.张飞遇张飞，杀得满天飞(aregion)flowingwithmilkandhoney鱼米之乡Unlessyou'veanaceupyoursleeve,wearedished.除非你有锦囊妙计，否则我们是输定了speakofthedevilandhewillappear.EvenHomersometimesnods.2.3历史人物、地理名词有特定文化色彩的词语等须异化Beautyliesinlover'seyes.Manyheadsarebetterthanone.Neveroffertoteachfishtoswim.hisstayinthehospitalturnedouttobeablessingindisguise.afairweatherfriend采取归化策略进行翻译时，以下几种汉语成语不宜使用：

映中华民族特殊习俗的

如：“拂袖而去”；“腰缠万贯”；“罄竹难书”等

有汉字特征的

如：“目不识丁”；“八字没一撇”等

含有中国地名的

如：“稳如泰山”；“黔驴技穷”；“夜郎自大”；“洛阳纸贵”等

含有中国人名的

如：“名落孙山”；“江郎才尽”；“事后诸葛亮LameduckDarkhorseStick-and-carrotpolicyZebracrossingteamspiritGoldenparachuteGoldenhandcuffGive-and-takecompromise2.4moreexamplesofforeignization异化有时能保持原文的生动形象，补充或丰富汉语词汇，使译文新鲜有力，该译法在政治用语上尤为多见2.5异化加注释Thebestfishswim(are)nearthebottom.

Fishbeginstostinkattheend.。

Iftworideonahorse,onemustridebehind.

Theapplesontheothersideofthewallarethesweetest.

Don'tforgettocrossyourt's.

ThereisnorosewithoutathornEveryflowhasitsebb.At11:15thismorning,thePrimeMinister,speakingtothenation

fromNumberTenDowningStreet,announcedthatGreatBritainisatwarwithGermany.ThefavorsofGovernmentareliketheboxofPandora,withthisimportantdifference;thattheyrarelyleavehopeatbottom.PeopleconsideredthatwhathehadplayedonthatoccasionwasnomorethanaJudaskiss.

AccordingtoEdithHamiltoninMythologythesourceofallmisfortunewasPandora'scuriosity."Thegodspresentedherwithaboxintowhicheachhadputsomethingharmful,andforbadeherevertoopenit.ThentheysenthertoEpimetheus,whotookhergladlyalthoughPrometheushadwarnedhimnevertoacceptanythingfromZeus.Hetookher,andafterwardwhenthatdangerousthing,awoman,washis,heunderstoodhowgoodhisbrother'sadvicehadbeen.ForPandora,likeallwomen,waspossessedofalivelycuriosity.Shehadtoknowwhatwasinthebox.Onedaysheliftedthelid­andoutflewplaguesinnumerable,sorrowandmischiefformankind.InterrorPandoraclappedtheliddown,buttoolate.Onegoodthing,however,wasthere­Hope.Itwastheonlygoodthecaskethadheldamongthemanyevils,anditremainstothisdaymankind'ssolecomfortinmisfortune."

PhrasesfordiscussionLEFTBEHINDStarterwivesJaneLoweandDissyPhillippegotdroppedbytheirmoresuccessfulhusbands.IfayoungladyisinvolvedinaMay-Decemberromance,sheislikelytoberegardedasagold-digger.Manypost-80scouplesarecomplainingthatgoingtothemovies,shoppingorattendingpartieshavebecomeimpossiblesincetheirkidswereborn.Herecomesthesolution:baby-pooling.Asaresult,mostchildrenofthe“Chinaone”generationlackindependenceastheyhavebecomesoreliantontheirfamiliesforsupport.AnItgirlorIt-girlisacharming,sexyyoungwomanwhoreceivesintensemediacoverageunrelatedordisproportionaltopersonalachievementsAforestbathingtripisashort,leisurelyvisittoaforestandisregardedasbeingsimilartonaturalaromatherapy.Studiesshowthatforestbathingcanstrengthentheimmunesystem.starterwife(n):long-sufferingwomanwhomarriesandemotionallysupportsamanthroughhisleanyears—maybepayinghiswaythroughmedicalschool,orholdinghishandwhileheauditionsfornon-speakingroles.Oncehe'sreachedthepinnacleofsuccessandismakingmillionspumpinglipsfullofcollagenorgracingthesilverscreen,thestarterwifeiskickedtothecurbinfavorofayoungerormorefamousnewmate.InLosAngeles,thisoftenhappensrightbeforethe10thanniversary,asCalifornialawstatesthatafter10years,ahusbandcanbemadetopayalimonyindefinitely.3.Whenisdomesticatingtranslationmosteffective?当原语在目的语中找不到对应词，直译又无法把原意传递出来时，归化是解决问题的有效方法。英译汉时有时异化法翻译原文就会使译入语读者感到费解，甚至误解astimidasaharewetlikeadrownratasstubbornasamuleseekahareinahen'snestsleeplikealogcryupwineandsellvinegarkillthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggsdrinklikeafishasthinasashadow

Loveme,lovemydog.

alionintheway

lickone’sboots

Diamondcutsdiamond

Aflashinapan

manproposes,goddisposes.Gossipisafearfulthing.aheartashardasflint，thereishonoramongthieves.aspoorasachurchmouse

fishingintheair

Beautywillbuynobeef.Takethingsastheycome.Outofdebt,outofdanger.Diseasescomeonhorseback,butgoawayonfoot.Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion.Somepreferturnipsandotherspears.Itwasbynomeansabedofrose.Allshallbewell,JackshallhaveJill.DiamondscutDiamonds.Payonthespotandborrowalot;payslowandyou'llgetnodough.Oncethewifeofaparson,alwaysthewifeofaparson.Amongtheblind,theone-eyedmanisking.Oneboyisaboy,twoboyshalfaboy,threeboysnoboy.putafifthwheeltothecoach.wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.atsixesandsevensallgoodthingsmustcometoanend.sixofoneandhalfadozenoftheotherItisaswelltoknowwhichwaythewindblows.归化

Hewassofondoftalkingthathiscomradesnicknamedhim“magpie”.

Itisregrettablethatourappealremainedadeadletter.Hitlerwasonceasproudasapeacock.Buthewroteherregularly,asheconfessedtome,and..ibelievehesentherapartofherearnings,whichweretobesavedbyherforhimagainstarainyday.SentencesforpracticeShefeltshemustnotyield,shemustgoonleadingherstraitened,humdrumlife. Thiswasherpunishmentforhavingmadeamistake.Shehadmadeherbed,andshemustlieonit.Withdetermination,withluck,andwiththehelpfromlotsofgoodpeople,Iwasabletorisefromtheashes.Heknowshowtosolvetheproblem.Hewasnotbornyesterday.4.异化归化转换armedtotheteethTimeismoney.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.armedtotheteeth译为“全副武装”，不如译“武装到了牙齿”更形象。“时间就是金钱”（Timeismoney.）早已取代了“一寸光阴一寸金”；很少有人再把Romewasnotbuiltinaday.译成“冰冻三尺，非一日之释义在归化和异化都无法翻译原文时，可牺牲原文形象，只保留意义。SentencesforpracticeTheywillbeice-skatinginhelltheday,whenIvotetheaidforthem.Shefoundherselftobethefifthwheelinthefamily.Saveyourbreath:thebosswillnevergiveyouthedayoff.Sentencesforpractice

It'snoteasytobecomeamemberofthatclub-theywantpeoplewhohaveplentyofmoneytospend,notjusteveryTom,Dick,andHarry.

ARedLightforScofflaws(蔑视法令的现象)Youwantyourpoundofflesh,don‘tyou?Oursonmustgotoschool.Hemustbreakoutofthepotthatholdsusin.

LikemanyotherSoutherners,Icametoseekmyfortuneinoneofthosepot-at-the-end-of-the-rainbowfactoriesalongEuclidAvenue.

经常意译的习语anappleofdiscordtheTrojanHorseHelenofTroySphinx'sriddlestomeetone’sWaterloo

Thisisadangerousandviolentcity.Insomepartsofit,theonlylawisthelawofthejungle.TheyslippedoutofthescandalonebyoneandIwasleftholdingthebaby.

Everyfamilyissaidtohaveatleastoneskeletoninthecupboard.

exerciseonLiberalTranslationRuthwasupsettingtheotherchildren,soIshowedherthedoor.Kathdidn'tlikehimmuch,butifhewentoutwithJane,it'dbeoneintheeyeofKath.Hisbestjokesfellflat.Thewedding,whichHeywardstillrememberedwithpride,was