刚果金矿产介绍(法语版)课件

MineralRessources:

ExplorationandMiningByPatrickThierryKAKWATANGUZAGeologist,InternalAuditoratCAMIDemocraticRepublicofCongo

MinistryofMines1IhavereceivedtheinvitationfromtheOrganizersofthisTCDC2005tointroducetoyouourcountryrealities.Onbehalfofmycountry,IwouldliketoexpresssincerethankstotheOrganizersforthisgestureandit’sdemonstrationoffaith,confidence,andunderstandingtowardsourcountry2Location

TheDemocraticRepublicofCongo(D.R.C)islocatedatthecentralpartofAfrica.Crossedbytheequator,ithasmainlyanareaofabout2.345.000squareKm.

D.R.Cisbourderedtoninecountries.

3AdministrativeSubdivisionCapitalcity:KinshasaBasCongoprovinceBandunduProvinceEquateurProvinceWesternKasaiProvinceEasternKasaiProvinceEasternProvinceNorthKivuProvinceSouthKivuProvinceManiemaProvinceKatangaProvince4Geology5Archean:KasaiorCongocraton

knownintheKasaiProvince(CentralCongo)andthenorth-westernpartoftheEquateurProvince.Geology6PaleoproterozoicLukoshian:KasaiProvinceBangweuluBlockorUbendianBelt:KatangaProvinceKibalian:KivuandEasternProvincesZadinian:Bas-CongoProvinceGanguian:EquateurProvinceGeology7MesoproterozoicKibaranBeltorKibarides(formerlyKibaro-Burundian):ExtendingfromKatangaProvincetotheManiemaandbothKivuProvincesLikibembian:EasternProvinceMayumbian:Bas-CongoProvince

Geology8NeoproterozoicKatanganBelt:KatangaProvinceBushimayan:KasaiProvinceLindian:KivuandEasternProvincesWest-congolian:Bas-CongoProvinceGeology9PhanerozoicContinentalsedimentaryrocksessentiallyKarooformations

(UpperPaleozoic)‘CuvetteCentrale’

(MesozoicandCenozoic)FillingoftheUpembaandEaternAfricaRift

(Cenozoic)Geology10Themajorityofknownmineraldepositsdiscoveredbyrudimentarymethodsasfollows:Cu-Co-AuU-GeTa-Nb-SnTa-Nb-SnTa-Nb-ORDia-Cr-Ni-OrDia-Or-FeAl-P-Cu-DiaDia-OrDiaDia:diamondCu:copperCo:CobaltZn:ZincU:UraniumAl:AluminumP:PhosphatesNb:NiobiumSn:EtainTa:TantalumNi:NickelCr:ChromeAu:OrAndassociatedminerals11MineralisationsArchaen:Itabirites(Fe)

KasaiandBas-CongoProvincesPaleoproterozoic:GoldessentiallyKibalien,Lukoshienandzadinien:

Eastern,KasaiandBas-CongoProvinces12Mesoproterozoic:Sn(Cassiterite)andassociatedminerals,PlatiniumGroupMineralsandREE(RareEarthElementmainlyinMonasite),Gold…

Katanga,Maniema,Kivu,Bas-CongoandEasternProvincesMineralisations13Neoproterozoic:-Cu-Co-U-Pb-Zn-Cu

KatangaandBas-CongoProvincesPhanerozoic:

AlluvialdepositsofGold,Diamond,Sn…

CoaldepositsintheKarooformations

BitumendepositsintheKisanganiseries

Petrolinthe‘CuvetteCentrale’andAtlanticcost(Bas-Congo)andintheEasternAfricariftregion(Kivu)Mineralisations14MineralisationsassociatedwithmagmatismTwoKimberlitefieldsknown:KasaiandKatanga(KundelunguPlateau)

KasaikimberlitesareintrusiveintheKasaiCratonandtheKundelungukimberlitesareintrusiveintheKatanganbeltandBangweulublockCarbonatite:KivuProvinceTingranites(intheKibaranbelt):KatangaManiemaandKivuProvinces15ExplorationDuringcolonialtimemainlyCudepositwerediscoveredintheKatangaProvincebyUnionMinièreduHautKatanga.Afterindependence,BureaudeRechercheGeologiqueetMinière(BRGM)continuedwiththeexplorationactivities.After1970explorationandminingactivitiesaredonebyprivatecompanies16ActualSituationTheD.R.CisstillpoorlyinvestigatedThereisneedofmoreexplorationworktobedonee.g.DiamondinKatanga,GoldinEasternProvince,Cu-CoinBasCongo,Petrolin‘CuvetteCentrale’….GoodGovernance:

17Themostsignificanteventintheminingsector

isthereviewoftheminingpoliciesasresultofthegoodgovernance:

Year2002:NewminingCode

Year2003:MiningRegulationsThesuppressionoftheMiningConventionRegimeinfavourofasinglecommonmininglawthatplacesalloperatorsonalevelplayingfield.

AcleardefinitionoftherolethattheStateshouldplaypartinthemineralresourcesdevelopment.Theintroductionofclearandobjectiveconditionswithrespecttothegranting,renewing,andrecoveryofminingtitle.Inthisregard,thereceptionofapplicationsforminingtitlesandthemanagementofsuchtitlesiscarriedoutinafullytransparentmannerbyanewlycreatedmodernandindependentMiningDeedsOffice,(theCadastreMinierorCAMIforshort).

MiningCodeInnovations18Theestablishmentofnewfiscal,customs,andexchangecontrolconditionsspecificallyfortheminingsector.Thereductionintheleveloftaxationpreviouslygeneratedbytheexportofcommercialproductsfromtheminingsector.Theestablishmentofmineralsecurityrightstoprotectinvestmentcollateral.AguaranteeforminingtitleholderstofreelytransferfundsgeneratedbytheirminingactivitiesoutsidetheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.TheintroductionofmodernenvironmentallegislationtoreduceandcontrolthenegativeimpactofminingactivitiesonthepeopleandenvironmentoftheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.ThisaspectoftheCodeiscrucialasaconditionforinvestmentbyexternalfinancialinstitutionsintoday’smodernworld.TheintroductionoflegislationtogoverntheactivitiesofSmallScaleMiningandTailingsRetreatmentprojects.MiningCodeInnovations19CompetitiveandAttractiveMiningCodeTheprovisionsmadeintheCoderelevanttothefiscalandcustomsregimedemonstratethatwithrespecttoeconomicmodelingoftheinternalrateofreturn,theDRCisrankedinthetenthmostfavourablepositionintheworld,andinthethirdmostfavourablepositioninAfrica.TheProspectingactivitiesarefreeandunfetteredfromStateparticipationleadingtoanimprovedpaceofexplorationanddevelopment.Inaddition,theMiningCodehasestablishedprovisionsthatareamenabletoTherapid,objective,andtransparentprocessingofapplicationsforminingtitle,thedecisionsconferredonsuchtitle,andthesubsequentdeliveryofthetitletotheinvestor.TheMiningCodeprovidessecurityfortheapplicantinthattheindependentMiningDeedsOffice(CadastreMinier)canissuetitleonthebaseofjudgementrenderedbyacompetentCourtauthority,andsuchtitlewouldbevalidandbinding.20Particularinteresttopotentialinvestors AspectsoftheMiningCodeofparticularinteresttopotentialinvestors.TheMiningCodecontainsthefollowingprovisions:Thecertificationofaminimumfinancialcapability.TheguaranteesofferedbytheStatetoinvestors.

Theenvironmentalobligations.

Thesinglesimplifiedfinancialsystemforthepaymentoffundsgeneratedbytheexportationofcommercialproducts.21Thecertificationofaminimumcapability

Thisaspectofthecodeisapre-requisitetoobtainingExplorationtitle.TheobjectiveofthisistoreducethepresenceofpeopleorcompaniesclearlyfinanciallyincapableofcarryingoutacoherentandmodernexplorationcampaignintheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.Theinvestorisnormallyrequiredtoshowfinancialback-upfromarecognizedinstitutionasproofofhiscapabilitytoproceedinthespiritoftheCode.22TheguaranteesofferedbytheStatetoinvestorsTheStateoffersthefollowingguaranteestoholdersofminingrights:Compliancewiththelawandagreementsorconventionsexecutedwithpartners.Therighttofreelydisposeoftheirassetsandtoorganisetheirbusinessesastheydeemfit;Freeaccesstorawmaterialswithinthelimitsoftheminingrights;ThefreedomtorecruitpersonnelpursuanttothelawsandregulationsoftheCongoleseWorkCode;FreecirculationwithintheNationalTerritoryfortheirpersonnelandtheirproductsprovidedthatthelawsconcerningsuchcirculationarecompliedwith;Thefreedomtoimportgoodsandservicesaswellasthefundsnecessaryfortheiractivities;23Thefreedomtodisposeoftheproductsintheinternalmarkets,toexportanddisposeoftheproductsontheexternalmarket;PeacefulaccessandrespectofthePerimetersoftheMiningTitle.Tofacilitatetheobtainingofallthedocumentsrequiredfortheirforeignpersonnel;Therightsderivedfromminingtitle,includingamongstothersthefiscal,customs,andexchangecontrolregimes;TheStateandtheCentralBankofCongoareforbiddentoeffectthecompulsoryrepurchaseofforeigncurrencyheldintheforeigncurrencyaccountsofresidentsandnon-residents.TheguaranteesofferedbytheStatetoinvestors(suite)24Environmentalobligations

Themininglegislationhasprovisionsthattheholderofanofficiallygrantedminingtitleisnotaccountablefordamageornegativeimpactscausedbyapreviousoccupantofthetitle,oractivitiesthathavebeenpreviouslyunofficiallycarriedoutinthepermit.25Asinglesimplifiedfinancialsystem

Itisenvisagedthattheroyaltiesandfeespaidasremunerationinconnectionwiththeexportofcommercialproducts,orgoodsfortemporaryexportforimprovementmeasures,shouldbepayabletoonesingleauthorityandthattheglobaltaxonsuchtransactionsmaynotexceed1%ofthevalueofthegoods.26During2003,theMinistryofMineshascarriedoutseveralprogrammestoaidtheeffectivefunctioningofthenewmininglegislation:ThefirstprogrammewastoputinplacetheauthoritieschargedwiththeadministrationoftheMiningCode,andtoensuretheactualfunctioningoftheseauthorities.

TheMiningDeedsOffice“CadastreMinier”openedit’sdoorsofficially onthe 26th20032003; TheAssistanceandSupervisorySmallScaleMiningBoard «SAESSCAM» TheMiningEnvironmentalProtectionCouncil27NewSocietyExplorationPermitSurfaceArea(km2)LocalizationSubstancesAnvilMining3413229KatangaCu-AgAngloAmerican339685KatangaCu-CoDeBeers268835P.OrientaleDiamondBanro339400N.KivuOr-AgAfricanMinerals5020006KatangaCu-CoSouthernEra268029KasaiOrDiamondBugeco349525KasaiOrDiamondCadastreMinier:

NewExplorationCompagnies28TheAssistanceandSupervisorySmallScaleMiningBoard

«SAESSCAM»

Thisauthorityisfullyoccupiedcountry-widewiththesitesofCongoleseartisinaloperatorsandsmallminesinthestruggleagainstpoverty,andtheeducationandapplicationofsmall-scaleminingbusinessskillstoaidtheemergenceofanindependentCongolesemiddle-class.Inthefirstinstancethismiddle-