抗生素的产生精讲教学课件

第宄章:抗生的生产抗生素的生产■概述抗生素的分类抗生素的应用半合成抗生素■青霉素的生产和提取工艺抗生素的生产概述定义:是生物在其生命过程中产生的,并在低浓度下有选择性地抑制或杀灭其它微生物或肿瘤细胞的有机物质。Microbialproducts,effectiveatlowconcentrations,whichhavetheabilitytokillorinhibitthegrowthofcertainmicro-organisms■History19世纪70年代,法国Pasteur,发现有些微生物可以抑制炭疽杆菌,提出了利用微生物抑制另一种微生物的现象来治疗一些感染性疾病。1928年,uIn1928ScottishbacteriologistAlexanderFlemingreportedtheantibacterialactionofculturesofapenicilliumspecies■Heobservedthatpenick∥liumnotatumkilledsomeofhisstaphaureusculturedishesaDiscoverybyaccident?CulturedishescontaminatedwhenleftoutfortwoweekswhileflemingwasonholidayinsteadofbeingincubatedFlemingnoticedthatthesubstancesecretedvasaninhibitorofmanybacterialspeciesHepublishedapaperontheactiveingredientwhichhecalledpenicillin.Thiswasthefirstdemonstrationthatasubstanceproducedbymicro-org'scouldinhibitorkillothermicrobesIFlemingcouldnotisolatepenicillin.10yrslaterscientistsFloreyandChainsuccessfullyisolatedpenicillin1943-1945,scale-upproductionofpencillium.By1945,enoughpenicillinwasproducedtotreat7millionperyearAlexanderFleming■DiscovererofpenicillinBornintoafarmingfamilyinScotlandmovedtolondonat13AwardedScholarshiptostudmedicineZoneofInhibition■Thispictureillustratestheeffectofpenicillinonafungus.NotetheclearringofinhibitionItwasthisobservationwhichinitiatedFlemingsfurtherstudiesDCUHowardFloreyAustralian-bornStudiedScienceMedicineinAdelaide■AwardedScholarshipatOxfordUniversity■ReturnedtoEnglandtocompleteaPhDDCUErnstChainOfRussian-Germandescent■GraduatedinChemistryandPhysiology■LeftberlinwhenNaziscametopowerHiredbyFloreytoworkonpenicillinproject到目前为止,有8000多种抗生素,2/3是由放线菌(strepomyces)产生的,