北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷（Word版无答案）

第第页北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷（Word版无答案）北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试

英语

2023.07

本试卷共10页,共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分知识运用（共两节,30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

WhenIbecameanamputee（截肢患者）atage29,Iwasforcedtorethinktheideaofphysicalperfection.Mylifebecamedifferent,asIchangedfromanacceptablyattractivewomantoanobjectofpityand1.

Toobusy2physicalpainandobviousmobilitylimitation,Iwasnotawareofthischangeatfirst.ButIwasdeterminedto3myworkandlifeaswellasbefore,feelinggoodabouttheprogressIhadmade.

4,asImademyfirsttripoutsidethehospital,societyhadalreadyassignedmeanewstatus.Happytobefreeofmylimitinthehospital,Irolledthroughtheshoppingmallasasurvivor.Unfortunately,IhadaruderesponseasIdiscoveredthatothersdidnotviewmeinthewayIhadcometoviewmyself.Alleyeswereuponme,yetnoonedaredtomakeeyecontact.Theireffortsto5myeyesforcedmetorealizetheysawonlymymissinglegs.

WhileIsatthinkingaboutwhathadhappened,asmallgirlcameuptome.Shestaredwithunembarrassed6attheemptypants.Findingnothingthere,shelookedupatmewithapuzzledlook,shechildishlyasked,"Lady,wheredidyourlegsgo"

Iexplainedthatmylegshadbeensick.Sincemylegshadn'tbeenstrongandhealthylikehers,thedoctorshadto7them.Withherheadupwards,sheasked,"Didtheygoto‘LegHeaven’"

Thatincidentmademethinkabouthow8childrenandadultsreacttotheunknown.Toachild,anoddappearanceisaninterestingcuriosityand9learningexperiencewhileadultsoftenviewthesamethingwithfearandhorror.

Tofulfillthewholenessofmymindandspirit,Inowsmilewarmly,makeeyecontact,andspeakinaconfidentmanner.Byusinga10approach,Iattempttoenlightensocietyaboutthefactthathavinganot-so-perfectbodydoesn'tmeanhavingapoorqualityoflife.

1.A.comfortB.fearC.hatredD.sadness

2.A.cryingwithB.figuringoutC.holdingbackD.dealingwith

3.A.balanceB.quitC.manageD.overcome

4.A.InsteadB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Therefore

5.A.turnB.holdC.catchD.avoid

6.A.curiosityB.determinationC.enthusiasmD.satisfaction

7.A.loseB.adjustC.removeD.stretch

8.A.differentlyB.positivelyC.strangelyD.sympathetically

9.A.painfulB.potentialC.similarD.common

10.A.creativeB.flexibleC.positiveD.scientific

第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）

阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A

Indailylife,bodylanguageplaysanimportantpartincommunication.Bywatchingbodylanguage,wecanlearnalotabout11peoplearethinking.Justlikethewordsweuse,bodylanguagealsovariesfromculturetoculture.Theimportantthingisthatbodylanguageshouldbe12（appropriate）used.Forexample,makingeyecontactinsomecountriesisaway13（display）interest.Inothercountries,bycontrast,notalleyecontactisapprovedof.

B

Usually,stressisseenasbeingbad,butthisisnotalwaystrue.Eustress（积极压力）isthepositivewordforstress.It14（relate）towell-beingandpositiveattitudes.Eustressoccurswhenthegapbetweenwhatonehasandwhatonewantsisslightlypushed.

Eustresscreatesabetterenvironmentforpeople,which15（make）themperformbetterandcostless.Therefore,Eustressisnecessary16achievement.

C

FuchunteahouseliesinahutonginYangzhouofJiangsuProvince.Althoughitisnotlocatedintheveryheartofthecity,itsreputationpersuadesmanycustomersinto17（come）ingroups.18（found）in1885,Fuchunteahousewasaflowershopandbecameaplaceforpeopletodrinkteathen.Itstartedtooffer19（variety）delicatepastries（甜点）untiltheownerintroducedthem,20notonlyperfectlymatchedtheChinesetea,butalsorepresentedakindofartistryfromthekitchen.

21.Whichofthefollowingisthebestratedfilm

A.GoodWillHunting.B.ThePaperChase.

C.TheSocialNetwork.D.StandandDeliver.

22.WhoisThePaperChaseperfectfor

A.Studentswithundiscoveredtalents.B.Studentswithlearningdifficulties.

C.Studentshavingdifficultykeepingmotivated.D.Studentshopingtobecomeanawesomegenius.

23.WhatcanwelearnfromJaime'sstory

A.Mathsisadifficultsubjectforstudents.

B.Hightechscontributealottoteachingefficiency.

C.Oneteachingmethodmaynotapplytoeverystudent.

D.Aninspirationalmovieisaneffectivemediumtoinspirestudents.

B

OnSeptember7;1930,YuanLongpingwasborninBeijing.FluentinEnglish,hismotheroftenreadFriedrichNietzsche'sworkstohim.Influencedbyhismother,YuanLongpinglikedEnglish,geographyandchemistryatschool.Aftergraduatingfromuniversity,hebecameateacherinthecountrysideofHunanin1953.

Withlotsofcropfailures,nationwidehungerhitChinainthe1960s,makingmanypeopleliveabadlife.Yuanwassadandfelthemustdosomething.SincetheclimateinHunanwasnotfriendlytogrowingwheat,hedecidedtodevotehimselftostudyinghowtoincreasetheproductionofrice,abasicfoodforover60percentofChinesepeople:Fromthenon,hebeganalifelongconnectionwithrice.

YuanLongpingsucceededingrowingtheworld'sfirsthighproductionhybridrice（杂交水稻）variety.in1973,whichcouldreachayieldofover500kgpermorethan200kgthanbefore.Forthenextfourdecades,hecontinuedtoworkontheresearchofhybridrice.In2023,hybridricedevelopedbyhisteamachieved1,500kgpermuintwogrowingseasons,anewworldrecord.

Nowadays,thehybridriceisgrowninalmosthalfofChina'sricefieldsanditsproductionaccountsfor60percentofthetotalriceproductioninChina.Thehybridriceproductionis20percentmorethanthecommonkinds,theyearlyincreaseofwhichfeedsuptonearly100millionpeople.

In2023,YuanLongping,knownasthe"Fatherofhybridrice",wasawardedMedaloftheRepublic,China'shighesthonor.

第二部分阅读理解（共两节,38分）

第一节（共14小题;每小题2分,共28分）

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Traditionalclassroomteachingalonecannotmotivateeverystudent.Giventhatchildrenloveentertainment,inspirationalmoviesareaneffectiveandeasymediumtomotivatethem.Herearefourbestinspirationalmoviesofalltimeforstudents.

GoodWillHunting

InternetMovieDatabaserating-8.3/10

Story:MattDamonplayedthetitleroleofa20-yearoldyoungman.Theheroisgiftedwithhighpotentialinmathematicsandchemistrybutdoesn'trealizewhathispotentialcanoffer.Thefilmwillinspirestudentstodiscoverhiddentalentstheyhave.

ThePaperChase

InternetMovieDatabaserating-7.2/10

Story:Sometimesstudydoesnotcomeeasily.ThePaperChasefocusesonthehardworkingJamesT.HartwhofacesmanychallengesduringhisfirstyearatHarvard.Themovieisperfectforanyonefindingitdifficulttokeepthemotivationalive.

TheSocialNetwork

InternetMovieDatabaserating-7.7/10

Story:ThisinspirationalHollywoodmovieshowsthejourneyofMarkZuckerbergfromaHarvardstudenttoamulti-millionaire:Itisreallyaninspiringoneforeveryoneanditmightinspireyoutobecomeanawesomegeniuslikethemanhimself.TheSocialNetworktellsthateverystudentcanturntheirdreamintoreality.

StandandDeliver

InternetMovieDatabaserating-7.9/10

Story:ThismovieisbasedontherealstoryofahighschoolmathematicsteachernamedJaimeEscalante.Itshowshowamathsteachersupportshis"no-hoper"studentstostudybyadoptingunusualteachingmethods.StandandDeliverinreallyaninspirationalmoviefor.thosewhothinktheyarehopelessintheirstudies.

YuanLongping'sbiggestdreaminlifewastodevelopmorehybridricevarieties,whichcouldbegrownallovertheworldtohelpsolvetheglobalfoodproblem.Sofar,thehybridvarietieshedevelopedhavebeengrowninover40countries,includingtheUSA,BrazilandIndia.

24.WhatdoweknowaboutYuanLongpingaccordingtothetext

A.Hebegantostudyhybridricein1973.

B.HereceivedthehighesthonorinChinaat90.

C.Heevertaughtmathinthecityaftergraduation.

D.HeeverhopedChinesewouldbefreefromhunger.

25.HowdoestheauthormainlyshowtheachievementsofYuanLongpinginhybridrice

A.Bylistingfigures.B.Byquotingreports.

C.Byimaginingresults.D.Byexplainingreasons.

26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesYuanLongpingaccordingtothetext

A.Patientandhonest.B.Energeticandathletic.

C.Capableandremarkable.D.Humorousandadventurous.

C

PieterBruegel's1565realisticpaintingTheHarvestershangsattheMetropolitanMuseumofArt."Theworkdescribesfarmerscuttingwheatnearlyastallastheyare,"GhentUniversitybiologistIveDeSmetsays."Nowadays,ifyouwalkthroughawheatfield,youbasicallyseewheatisaboutknee-high,whichisaconsequenceofselectivebreedingfromthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury."DeSmetsayshe'steamingupwitharthistorianDavidVergauwenofAmaranttolookatthingswheretheycanspotdifferencesinshape,incolor,andinsize.Wheatisjustoneexampleofhowhistoricalartworkscanhelptrackthetransformationoffoodcropsovertime.

Friendssincechildhood,theirinterestinplantsinartworksbeganwithavisittotheHermitageMuseuminRussia—wheretheynoticedanodd-lookingwatermeloninanearly-17th-centurypaintingbyFlemishartistFransSnyders.

"Soifyouthinkofawatermelon,youcutitthrough,itshouldbedarkredontheinside.Butthatoneappearedtobepaleandwhite."DeSmetassumedthepainterhaddoneapoorjob.ButVergauwensaid,"Thisisoneofthebestpainterseverfromthatera.Soifhepaintsitlikethat,that'sthewayitmusthavebeen."Otherpaintingsshowedthatbothredandwhitewatermelonswereraisedduringthe17thcentury.

Theteamhopestosetupanonlineresearchdatabaseofhistoricalplantartworks.Theycreateasocialmediahashtag（主题标签）forit.Anyonecouldsendpicturesofrelevantartworksanddetailsofplantswhentheyvisitamuseumorexhibitthroughthehashtag.But,theyadd,thesourcesneedtoberealistic."Ifyou'regoingto.use,forexample,Picassotounderstandhowapearlooked,youmightbemisled."

27.WhatcanwelearnfromDeSmet'swordsinparagraph1

A.Humanshavemainlyfedonwheatsince1565.

B.Selectivebreedingaffectsagriculturalstructure.

C.Wheathasgonethroughgreatchangesinheight.

D.ThesceneinTheHarvestersmaybeunbelievable.

28.WhatisVergauwen'sattitudetothewatermelonpaintedbyFransSnyders

A.Curious.B.Disapproving.C.Favorable.D.Doubtful.

29.Whywasthesocialmediahashtagcreated

A.Tocollectmoresourcepaintings.B.Toencouragepeopletofocusonart.

C.Toadvertisetheirresearchdatabase.D.Tosharesomehistoricalplantartworks.

30.Whatisthetextmainlyabout

A.Ancientpaintingsfocusonfoodcrops.

B.Oldartrevealsagriculturalinformation.

C.Twomencreateadatabaseofplantartworks.

D.Plantstodayaredifferentfromtheirancestors.

D

FromthemoontoMars,scientistshavebeenhuntingforalienlifeinthesolarsystemfordecades.

However,Venuswasnotregardedasanidealplacebecauseofitshottemperatureanddryatmosphere.ButarecentdiscoveryoftracesofagasinthecloudsofVenushasexcitedastronomers,asitmayserveasapotentialsignoflife.

OnSept14,theRoyalAstronomicalSocietyofCanadaannouncedthatscientistshavedetectedphosphine（磷化氢）inthecloudsofVenus.Phosphineisacolorless,toxic（有毒的）gasthathasasmellofgarlic.Thoughtoxic,itisviewedasapossiblesignoflifebecauseonEarththegasismadebymicroorganismsthatliveinoxygen-freeenvironments.

"Iwasverysurprised,infact,”astronomerJaneGreavesofCardiffUniversityinWalesandleadauthoroftheresearch,toldMSNI."ThereisachancethatwehavedetectedsomekindoflivingorganisminthecloudsofVenus."

Thislayerofcloudsisabout48kilometersabovetheVenussurface,withitstemperaturerangingfrom30to200degreesFahrenheit（about-1to93℃）.ScientistshaveassumedthatiflifeexistsonVenus,thisclouddeck（云盖）islikelytheonlyplacewhereitwouldsurvive.

ScientistswentthrougheverypossibilitythatcouldhaveledtotheformationofphosphinegasinVenus'clouds,includingvolcanoes,lightningstrikes,smallmeteorites（陨石）fallingintotheatmosphere.Buttheyruledallofthemout.ItwasconcludedthatthereisnoexplanationfortheexistenceofthisgasinVenus'clouds,otherthanthepresenceoflife,USATodayreported.

Althoughthedetectionofphosphineisnotstrongevidenceforlife,thisfindingisgreatenoughtochangescientists'viewonVenus,whichisthoughttobeacompletelyinhospitable（不适合居住的）planet.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout

A.AnewlydetectedgasmayindicatepossibleexistenceoflifeonVenus.

B.ScientistsfoundthemosthospitableplaceonVenus.

C.TheenvironmentonVenuechangedinfavoroflife.

D.PhosphineformedonVenusmeansalienlifeispresent.

32.Whatcanwelearnaboutphosphinefromthetext

A.Ithasnosmellatall.

B.ItonlyexistsonVenus.

C.Itcanbeproducedbymicroorganisms.

D.Itisasignoftheexistenceofoxygen.

33.Whatcanweinferfromparagraphs4and5

A.VariouslivingorganismshavebeendetectedonVenus.

B.ThehigherthecloudisaboveVenus,thewarmeritis.

C.Theclouddeckisrichinphosphine.

D.IflifeexistsonVenus,itislikelyintheclouddeck.

34.WhatdidscientistsconcludeaboutthephosphinegasdetectedonVenus

A.Itcouldbeformed.asaresultofthefallingofmeteorites.

B.ItcouldbeasignthatthereislifeinVenus'clouds.

C.Itcouldbecausedbyvolcanoesandlightingstrikes.

D.ItprovesthatVenusisanotherhospitableplanet.

第二节（共5小题;每小题2分,共10分）

根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

ScientistsvisitingtinyHendersonIslandintheSouthPacificrecentlymadeanalarmingdiscovery.35.Theycalculatedtherewere38millionpiecesofplastics."Thisisnotanissuetoignore.Weneedtodosomethingnowtoprotectthesea."saidonescientist.

Plasticwasteintheseahaslongbeenknownabout,butonlynowarewediscoveringthetrueextentoftheproblem.Plastictakeshundredsofyearstodecompose（降解）,soalltheplasticeverproducedstillexistssomewhere.Around95%ofplasticsmadearenotrecycled,andlargeamountsenterthesea.Currents（洋流）collectthiswasteinlargecircularsystemscalled"gyres".36.

Theproblemgetsworseasplasticbreaksdownintoverysmallpieces,or"microplastics".37.Humansalsoeatthesefish,andmicroplasticshasevenbeenfoundintapwateraroundtheworld.TheplasticonHendersonIslandaccountsforjust2seconds'worthofglobalannualplasticproduction.Thatproductionwillhavetripledby2050.

38.WhiledivinginGreece,youngBoyanSlatnoticedtherewasmoreplasticwastethanfish.Hedecidedrightthentodedicatehislifetosolvingthisproblem.Boyanthought,whymovethroughtheseawhentheseacanmovethroughyouSohestartedTheOceanCleanupproject,whichplacesverylongfloatingbarriersinthePacific.Currentsthenconcentratethewastenaturallysoitcanbecollectedandrecycled.Hehopestoreducethepatchby50%injustfiveyears.

"Seaplasticisasymbolofthenegativeeffectsofourlifestyleandtechnology,"hesays."39.Protectingtheseafromplasticisagoodplacetostart!"

A.Itgoesunnoticedandfindsitswaytohumanbodies.

B.Thisiseatenbyfishandleadstomassivespeciesloss.

C.Toworkwiththecurrentswouldhelpcollectthewaste.

D.Ouraimshouldbetocreateanewlifestyleforthiscentury.

E.However,therearesomeyoungmindsworkingtocleanuptheseaforfuturegenerations.

F.Althoughremoteandpreviouslyuntouchedbyhumans,theislandwascoveinplasticwaste.

G.OneofthelargestisinthePacificOcean,anareanowknownasthe"GreatPacificGarbagePatch".

第三部分书面表达（共两节,32分）

第一节阅读表达（共4小题,共12分;第40、41小题,每小题2分;第42题,3分;第43题,5分）

阅读下面短文,根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

When13-year-oldKatierecentlywentonline,shecouldn'tbelievethatsomeclassmatesweremakingfunofher.TheseventhgraderfromNewJerseydiscoveredmeanandhurtfulcommentswrittenaboutherinanonlineWebjournal.

"Itwasreallyoffensive（无礼的）andupsettingtomebecauseIkneweveryonecouldseeitonline,"KatietoldWeeklyReader."TherewasnothingIcoulddototakeitdown."

FormanykidslikeKatie,Cyberbullying（网络霸凌）hasbecomepartofeverydaylife.Mostcyberbulliesarebetweentheagesof9and14.Studiesshowthatabout55percentofkidsingrades4through8havehadmeanorhurtfulremarksmadetothemonline."Cyberbullyingisahugeprobleminfourth,fifth,andsixthgrades,"saidAftab,anonlinesafetyexpert.

WhyiscyberbullyingsuchagrowingproblemForstarters,kidsspendalotoftimeonlineatbothhomeandatschool.Ninety-threepercentofAmericankidshavecomputersintheirhomes,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau.

Onlineexpertssaybeingmeanonlineiseasierbecausecomputersgivekidsasenseo