2022-2023学年河北省石家庄市教育集团高二下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版无听力音频无文字材料）

第第页2022-2023学年河北省石家庄市教育集团高二下学期期末考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版，无听力音频无文字材料）石家庄二中教育集团2022—2023学年度高二年级下学期

期末考试英语试卷

(时间:120分钟,分值:150分)

第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应的位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例:Howmuchistheshirt

A.19.15.B.9.18.C.9.15.

答案是C.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutJohn

A.Hewon’twaitforthewoman.

B.Hewon’tcomehometoday.

CHewon’tbeontimefordinner.

2.Whatdoestheboystillneedtodo

A.HanguphisclothesB.Putawayhistoys.C.Sweepthefloor.

3.Whyisthewomanupset

A.Sheforgottosendsomeemails.

B.Themandeletedheressay.

C.Shelostherhomework.

4.Howmuchdidthewomansave

A.$9.B.$44.C.$53.

5.Whatdidthewomanstudyincollege

A.Business.B.Art.C.Spanish.

第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6.Whatcolorofflowerarethespeakerstalkingabout

A.Red.B.Pink.C.Purple.

7.WhenshouldthemanputtheflowerinthegardenS.

A.InAugust.B.InSeptember.C.InOctober.

听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。

8.Whatiswrongwiththewoman

A.Shefeltsad.B.Shehadnofriend.C.Shequarreledwiththeman.

9.Whatisthemantryingtodo

A.Helptomakeup.

B.Apologizetothewoman.

C.Makefriendswiththewoman.

10.Howdoesthewomanfeelatlast

A.ShestillhatesLucy.

B.SheagreestoapologizetoLucyrightaway.

C.Sheissatisfiedwiththeman’ssuggestion.

听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。

11.WhatshouldthewomanhandinnextMonday

A.Afilmreview.B.Apassage.C.Asummary.

12.Howmanywordsdoesthewomanneedtowritefortheassignment

A.About150.B.About120.C.About100.

13.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo

A.Rememberthenewwords.B.Recitethetexttotheclass.C.Copytheidiomsthreetimes.

听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。

14.Whatdoesthewomanwanttoprepareforhermother

A.Acleanhouse.B.Somenicefood.C.Acomfortablechair.

15.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando

A.Feedthemousewithpeanuts.

B.Prepareatrapwithglueonit.

C.Gotoafieldtofindamouse.

16.WhatkindofmousedoesthewomanthinkisinherhouseA

A.Asmallmouse.B.Afatmouse.C.Afriendlymouse.

听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。

17.HowtallistheBurjKhalifa

A.304meterstall.B.828meterstall.C.162meterstall.

18.WhenwastheBurjKhalifaofficiallyopened

A.In2023.B.In2023.C.In2023.

19.WhodesignedtheBurjKhalifa

A.BillBaker.B.AdrianSmith.C.Armani.

20.Whatwillthespeakerdonext

A.Takeabreak.

B.Gotoanotherscenicspot.

C.VisittheinsideoftheBurjKhalifa.

第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

TROUBLESHOOTING

Forpossiblemalfunctionsasdescribedbelow,pleasecontactCustomerServicesat1-800-2023-123

PROBLEMPOSSIBLECAUSESOLUTION

Thecoffeeisnothot.Thecupswerenotpreheated.Warmthecupsbyrinsing(冲洗)themwithhotwater(N.B.youcanusethehotwaterfunction).

Coffeedoesnotcomeoutofthespouts(喷嘴).Thespoutsareblocked.Cleanthespoutswithatoothpick.

Thecoffeedoesnotcomeoutofthespouts,butfromaroundtheservicedoor.Theholesinthespoutsareblockedwithdrycoffeedust.Thecoffeeguideinsidetheservicedoorisblockedandcannotswing.Cleanthespoutswithatoothpick,spongeorhardkitchenbrush.Thoroughlycleanthecoffeeguide,particularlynearthehinges(铰链).

Thefrothed(起泡)milkhaslargebubbles.Themilkisnotcoldenoughorisnotsemi-skimmed(半脱脂的).Youshouldideallyuseskimmedorsemi-skimmedmilkatrefrigeratortemperature(about5°C).Iftheresultisnotasyouwished,trychangingbrandofmilk.

Themilkisnotfrothed.Cappuccinomakerisdirty.Cleanasdescribedinthesection“Cleaningthecappuccinomakerafteruse”.

Steamdeliverystops.Asafetydevicestopssteamdeliveryafter3minutes.Wait,thenactivatethesteamfunctionagain.

Theappliance(电器)doesnotcomeon.Itisnotpluggedintothemainssocket(电源插座).Themainswitch(A2)isnotturnedon.Plugintothemainssocket.PlacethemainswitchintheIposition.

1.Iftheappliancedoesn’tstarttowork,whichofthefollowingmaybethecause

A.Ithasbeenusedformanyyears.B.Itisnotpluggedintothesocket.

C.Itstemperatureistoohigh.D.Itsspoutsareblocked.

2.Accordingtothetable,whichofthefollowingistrue

A.Ifcoffeetastesbitter,youmayaddsomemilkandsugar.

B.Ifcoffeeisdeliveredtooslowly,youmaywaitandactivatethefunctionagain.

C.Ifcoffeedoesn’tcomeoutofspouts,youmaycheckthemwithatoothpick.

D.Ifmilkisnotfrothed,youmayusesemi-skimmedmilk.

3.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom

A.Acoffeebeanpackage.B.Acoffeemachinequalityreport.

C.Acoffeemachineadvertisement.D.Acoffeemachinehandbook.

【答案】1.B2.C3.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则咖啡机的使用说明，介绍了各种故障以及应对方法。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Theappliance(电器)doesnotcomeon.(这个电器不能工作)”中“Itisnotpluggedintothemainssocket(电源插座).(没有插入电源插座。)”可知，如果设备没有开始工作，原因可能是没有插在插座上。故选B。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Thecoffeedoesnotcomeoutofthespouts,butfromaroundtheservicedoor.(咖啡不是从壶嘴里倒出来的，而是从服务门周围冲出来的)”部分中“Cleanthespoutswithatoothpick,spongeorhardkitchenbrush.(用牙签、海绵或硬厨房刷清洁喷口。)”可知，C选项“如果咖啡没有从壶嘴里出来，你可以用牙签检查”正确。故选C。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“Forpossiblemalfunctionsasdescribedbelow,pleasecontactCustomerServicesat1-800-2023-123(如遇以下可能出现的故障，请致电1-800-2023-123与客户服务联系)”结合文章是一则咖啡机的使用说明，介绍了各种故障以及应对方法。可推知，文章选自咖啡机手册。故选D。

B

WhenIwassix,Iembarrassedaboyinclassbytellingtheteacherhe’dwethimself.HesatfarbehindmebutIsmelledit,intensely.Hewassoupsetthatmygrandmotherwascalledintoschool.Whenwegothome,shewarned,“Neveruseyoursenseofsmellforthatagain.”SheexplainedthatI,likeher,hadhereditaryhyperosmia,meaningI’masuper-smeller.

MyhusbandLesandIbothpursuedmedicalcareers.Oneday,Iwasstruckbythesmellofapatient.Ilaterlearnedthatshehaddiabetes(糖尿病)andwhatIsmelledwasraisedketones,achemicalproducedbytheliver(肝).Iknewdoctorswouldn’tacceptmydiagnoses(诊断),soIstayedquiet.

In1982beforeLes’s32ndbirthday,Ismeltsomethingstrangeonhim.Ithoughtitmightbetheairoftheplaceheworkedin.Twelveyearslater,in1994,hewasdiagnosedwithParkinson’sdisease.Itwasn’tuntilthelastmonthsofhislife,morethan20yearslater,thatwediscoveredIcoulddetectthediseaseinothers,too.

Wefeltaresponsibilitytodosomething.WeattendedalecturebyProf.Kunath,aneurobiologist.Iasked,“WhyisthesmellofParkinson’snotbeingusedforearlydiagnosis,,Hedidn’tanswerandweleft,disappointed.Butfourmonthslater,hecalledourhome.Hehadfoundmeafterrelayingmyquestiontoacolleague,whotoldhim,“Youmustfindher.”Webegantoworkasateamtoprovemytheory.

WhenLesdiedin2023,hemademepromiseI’dcarryontheresearch.Ispenttimeinlabs,smellingsufferersskinoilonswabs(棉签).IcoulddetectwhetherthepersonhadParkinson’swith95%accuracy.Thisyear,ourresearchteampublishedabreakthrough:athree-minutetestthatcandetectthediseasebyrunningaswabalongsomeone’sneck.

I’vebecomeknownanddeliveredmanylectures.I’mworkingondetectingcancersandtuberculosis.Ineverimagined,at72,thiswouldbemylift’swork.IconstantlythinkabouthowIlostmyLes,butalsohowIfinallyfulfilledmypromise.

4.Whatdidtheauthordowhenshesmeltsomethingstrangeonherhusband

A.Shetookthesmelllightly.B.Shedrovehimtohospital.

C.Shewarnedhimofadisease.D.Shemadehimshowermore.

5.WhydidProf.Kunathcalltheauthor

A.Tomakeanapologytoher.

B.Toinviteherforaspecificresearch.

C.Todiscussherhusband’sdisease.

D.Topromotehertoahigherposition.

6.Howwasapatient’sParkinson’sdetectedaccordingtoParagraph5

A.Byhavingabrieftalkwiththedoctor.

B.Bytakingabloodexamination.

C.Byconductingashortandeasyskintest.

D.Byrubbingaswabinthenose.

7.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofherpresentwork

A.Painful.B.Tiring.C.Easy.D.Rewarding.

【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了患有遗传性嗅觉过敏症，她发现自己能闻到有病的人身上特殊的气味，和同伴就这个问题展开研究，最后发明了一种快速的疾病检测方法。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中“In1982,beforeLes’s32ndbirthday,Ismeltsomethingstrangeonhim.Ithoughtitmightbetheairof’theplaceheworkedin.(1982年，在莱斯32岁生日之前，我在他身上闻到了一种奇怪的味道。我想可能是因为他工作的地方的空气)”可推知，以为丈夫身上奇怪的味道可能是因为他工作的地方的空气，所以她对那股气味毫不在意。故选A项。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段段中“Butfourmonthslater,hecalledourhome.Hehadfoundmeafterrelayingmyquestiontoacolleague,whotoldhim,“Youmustfindher.”Webegantoworkasateamtoprovemytheory.(但四个月后，他给我们家打了电话。他是在把我的问题转告给一位同事后找到我的，那位同事告诉他：“你必须找到她。”我们开始作为一个团队来证明我的理论)”可推知，Kunath教授给打电话是为了邀请她做一个具体的研究。故选B项。

【6题详解】

细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thisyear,ourresearchteampublishedabreakthrough:athree-minutetestthatcandetectthediseasebyrunningaswabalongsomeone’sneck.(今年，我们的研究团队发表了一项突破：一种三分钟的，可以通过在某人的脖子上擦拭棉签来检测疾病)”可知，他们发明了一种方法，通过一个简单的皮肤检测出患者的帕金森症。故选C项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’vebecomeknownanddeliveredmanylectures.I’mworkingondetectingcancersandtuberculosis.Ineverimagined,at72,thiswouldbemylift’swork.IconstantlythinkabouthowIlostmyLes,butalsohowIfinallyfulfilledmypromise.(我已为人所知，并发表了许多演讲。我正在研究癌症和肺结核。我从未想过，在72岁时，这会是我的工作。我一直在想我是如何失去我的莱斯的，但我也最终实现了我的承诺)”可推知，完全没想到这会是自己的工作，所以她认为现在的工作是一种奖励。故选D项。

C

Theredknot,flyinglongdistancesandmigrating(迁徙)everyyearfromtheArctictoWestAfricaandback,hasbeenfacinggreatrisksasshellfishfoodisbecomingfewerinthefeedinggroundsliningitsmigratoryroute.Nowclimatechangeisaffectingthesebirds:theyaregettingsmallerinsize,andtheeffectsmaybespeedinguptheirextinction.

Scientistsfoundthatglobalwarmingismakingredknotchicksmisstheirinsectpeakandthereforeachieveasmallersizewithashorterbill(喙).Thechangesarereducingthepopulation'ssurvivalratesintheirwinteringgrounds.

Furthermore,thefewermigrantsarepayingtheprice,withthesmallestyoungbirds'survivalonlyhalfofthatofthelargerones.LeadingresearcherJanvanGilsoftheRoyalNetherlandsInstituteforSeaResearchsaidthereasonisquitesimplesinceonlylargerbirdswithlongbillscanreachdeeplyhiddenshellfishforfood.“Shorterbilledbirdswereforcedtoliveonseagrass,whichisapoorfoodsourceforthesebirds.Thepoorsurvivaloffewerfirstyearbirdsclearlycontributestothepopulationdecreaseseeninredknotsnowadays，”vanGilsexplained.

TheNorthAmericanredknotswerelistedasthreatenedin2023duetothedecreaseinhorseshoecrabeggsintheirkeystopoverfeedinglocation,DelawareBay,ontheirwaytotheirwinterhome.

Overthelastthreedecades,snowatthebirds'breedinggroundhasprogressivelymeltedatahalfdayrateeveryyear,whichbringsittoovertwoweeksatpresent.Thischangehasledtoamismatch:plantsblossomearlierandinsectsfeedingontheplantscomeoutearlier,butthechickseatingtheinsectsaretoolatetofeedonthemattheirpeak.

8.Whatthreatensredknotsontheirwayofmigration

A.Coldweather.B.Thefallingsnow.

C.Theirdifficultyinfindingshellfish.D.Thedisappearanceoftheirfeedinggrounds.

9.Inwhatwaydoesglobalwarmingaffectredknots

A.Theynowhuntwithshorterbills.B.Theyareconfusedduringmigration.

C.Theyhavetomigratefarthertofindfood.D.Fewerofthemaremigratingyearbyyear.

10.Whathappenswhenplantsblossomearlier

A.Redknotchickscomeoutearlier.

B.Redknotchicksmisstheinsectpeak.

C.Theinsectpeakcomesandgoestooquickly.

D.Therearetoomanyinsectsforredknotchicks.

11.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext

A.TheendangeredredknotsB.Globalwarminganditseffect

C.ClimatechangeaffectsmigratingbirdsD.Redknotsgetfewerduetoclimatechange

【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于气候的变化，红结鸟数量减少。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theredknot,flyinglongdistancesandmigrating(迁徙)everyyearfromtheArctictoWestAfricaandback,hasbeenfacinggreatrisksasshellfishfoodisbecomingfewerinthefeedinggroundsliningitsmigratoryroute.”（红结鸟每年都要飞很长的距离，从北极到西非再迁徙回来，它们面临着巨大的风险，因为在它们迁徙路线上的觅食地，贝类食物越来越少。）可知，很难找到贝类威胁着红结鸟的迁徙。故选C。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Scientistsfoundthatglobalwarmingismakingredknotchicksmisstheirinsectpeakandthereforeachieveasmallersizewithashorterbill.”（科学家们发现，全球变暖让红结雏鸟错过了它们的昆虫高峰期，因此它们的喙更短，体型更小。）可知，全球变暖后红结鸟用更短的喙补食。故选A。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thischangehasledtoamismatch:plantsblossomearlierandinsectsfeedingontheplantscomeoutearlier,butthechickseatingtheinsectsaretoolatetofeedonthemattheirpeak.”（这种变化导致了一种错配:植物开花得更早，以植物为食的昆虫出来得更早，但雏鸟吃昆虫的时间太晚了，在它们的高峰期无法捕食它们。）可知，当植物开花较早时，鸟错过了昆虫高峰。故选B。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Nowclimatechangeisaffectingthesebirds:theyaregettingsmallerinsize,andtheeffectsmaybespeedinguptheirextinction.（现在，气候变化正在影响这些鸟类：它们的体型越来越小，其影响可能会加速它们的灭绝。）”和文章第二段“Scientistsfoundthatglobalwarmingismakingredknotchicksmisstheirinsectpeakandthereforeachieveasmallersizewithashorterbill.（科学家们发现，全球变暖让红结雏鸟错过了它们的昆虫高峰期，因此它们的喙更短，体型更小。）”可知，由于气候的变化，红结鸟数量减少。故选D。

D

Gentlesoundstimulation,alsoknownaspinknoise,maysignificantlyenhancedeepsleepinolderadultsandimprovetheirabilitytorecallwords,anewstudyhasfound.

Deepsleepiscriticalformemoryconsolidation.However,beginninginmiddleage,deepsleepdecreasessubstantially,whichscientistsbelievecontributestomemorylossinaging.Thesoundstimulationsignificantlyenhanceddeepsleepinparticipantsandtheirscoresonamemorytest.“Thisisaninnovative,simpleandsafenon-medicationapproachthatmayhelpimprovebrainhealth,”saidPhyllisZee,professoratNorthwesternUniversityintheUS.“Thisisapotentialtoolforenhancingmemoryinolderpopulationsandattenuatingnormalage-relatedmemorydecline,”saidZee.

Zeeandateamofresearchersgathered13adults,60andolder,andmonitoredtheirsleepinalabfortwonights.Onbothnights,theparticipantstookamemorytest,wenttobedwhilewearingheadphonesandaspecialcap,andtookanothermemorytestinthemorning.Butwithouttheparticipants’awareness,researchersonlyplayedpinknoiseintotheheadphonesononenight.Morespecifically,theytimedthesoundstomatchtheparticipants’slow-waveoscillations.Duringdeepsleep,brainwavesslowtoaboutoneoscillationpersecond,comparedtoabouttenoscillationspersecondduringwakefulness.Thesystemtheyemployedinthestudyallowedtheteamtodeliveralowburstofpinknoiseatthe“precisemoment”whentheparticipants’slowwavesrose—apatternthatisuniquetoeachperson.

Thestudyfoundthatparticipants’slowwavesincreasedafterthenightofsoundstimulation,suggestingthattheyweregettingmoredeepsleep.Andonthemorningafterhearingpinknoise,theyperformedthreetimesbetteronmemoryteststhantheydidaftersleepingwithoutanysoundstimulation.

Previousresearchshowedpinknoiseduringdeepsleepcouldimprovememoryconsolidationinyoungpeople.Butithasnotbeentestedinolderadults.Thenewstudytargetedolderindividualsandusedanovelsoundsystemthatincreasedtheeffectivenessofthesoundstimulationinolderpopulations.

Thestudywasarelativelysmallone,sofurtherresearchisneededtoconfirmitsfindingsandtostudyhowlonger-termuseofpinknoiseaffectssleep.ButNorthwesternhastakenstepstopatenttheresearchers’technology,whichseemstohavehituponawaytostimulateslowwavesattherightmoment.Theteamhopestodevelopanaffordabledevicethatpeoplecanuseathome,fromthecomfortoftheirbeds.

12.Thenewstudymainlyrevealsthat_____.

A.deepsleepconsolidatesoldadults’memory

B.pinknoiseboostsmemoryamongtheelderly

C.sleepdisordersplayakeyroleinmemoryloss

D.soundstimulationincreasesthelengthofsleep

13.Theword“attenuating”inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.

A.worseningB.reversingC.slowingdownD.bringingabout

14.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthenewstudy

A.Itemployedasoundsystemprogrammedinstepwithbrainwaves.

B.Itcomparedtheeffectsonolderadultsandonyoungerpopulations.

C.Itrepeatedtheexperimentseveraltimeswithouttheparticipants’notice.

D.Itadjustedtheparticipants’slow-waveoscillationstomatchthestimulations.

15.Itcanbeinferredthattheapproachusedinthestudy_____.

A.mayputoldadultsinriskinthelongrun

B.hasthepotentialtobeappliedinpractice

C.requiresaninnovativeandaffordabledevice

D.needsNorthwestern’spatentforconfirmation

【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究发现，轻柔的声音刺激，也被称为粉红噪音，可能会明显改善老年人的深度睡眠，并提高他们回忆单词的能力。文章介绍了研究开展的过程以及方法。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“Gentlesoundstimulation,alsoknownaspinknoise,maysignificantlyenhancedeepsleepinolderadultsandimprovetheirabilitytorecallwords,anewstudyhasfound.(一项新的研究发现，轻柔的声音刺激，也被称为粉红噪音，可能会明显改善老年人的深度睡眠，并提高他们回忆单词的能力)”可知，这项新研究主要揭示了粉色噪音能提高老年人的记忆力。故选B。

【13题详解】

词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Thisisapotentialtoolforenhancingmemoryinolderpopulationsand”以及后文“normalage-relatedmemorydecline”可知，这是一种潜在的工具，可以增强老年人的记忆，缓解与年龄有关的正常记忆衰退。故画线词意思是“缓解”。故选C。

【14题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“Morespecifically,theytimedthesoundstomatchtheparticipants’slow-waveoscillations.Duringdeepsleep,brainwavesslowtoaboutoneoscillationpersecond,comparedtoabouttenoscillationspersecondduringwakefulness.(更具体地说，他们对声音进行了定时，以匹配参与者的慢波振荡。在深度睡眠时，脑电波缓慢到大约每秒一次振荡，而在清醒时大约每秒10次振荡)”可知，新研究采用了一种与脑电波同步的音响系统。故选A。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“ButNorthwesternhastakenstepstopatenttheresearchers’technology,whichseemstohavehituponawaytostimulateslowwavesattherightmoment.Theteamhopestodevelopanaffordabledevicethatpeoplecanuseathome,fromthecomfortoftheirbeds.(但西北大学已经采取措施为研究人员的技术申请专利，似乎找到了一种在正确的时间刺激慢波的方法。该团队希望开发一种价格合理的设备，人们可以在家里舒适地躺在床上使用)”可推知，本研究中使用的方法具有应用于实践的潜力。故选B。

第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)

Itisnevereasytocopewithalltheunwantedbullying(恐吓)evenwhenyouhavedonenothingwrong.___16___Keepthefollowingtipsinmindtostopthesituationfromgettingworse.

___17___Whenbulliesconfrontyou,itmaybehardtostaycalm,butthisiskeytoignoringthem.Avoidingshowingemotionsthatyouareupsetorfeelhurtdiscouragesthebully.Whenyoudonotreacttowhattheysayordo,theystarttoloseinterestinyou.Andtheywillnaturallystopbotheringyou.

Askthemtostop.Ifwalkingawaydoesn'twork,tellthebullytostopinacalm,unemotíonalvoice.Sometimeswhenwedonotspeakupforourselves,thebulliesmaythinkofusaseasytargetsandcontinuewiththeirbehavior.___18___

Beaccompanied.Ifyouarewithyourfriends,orifyouareinthecompanyofsomeone,itisleastlikelythatthebullywilldisturbyou.___19___Thatisnotaskingyoutomakeahugecircleoffriends.Sometimes,allittakesisoneloyalfriendwhowillstaybyyounomatterwhathappens.

Talktosomeoneyoutrustaboutthebullying.___20___Beingthetargetofbullyingisnotyourfaultandyoudon’thavetogothroughitalone.Yourfriends,familymembers,teachers,andschoolcounselorsdonotwantthisforyou.Tellthemwhat’sgoingonsotheycanhelpyouandsupportyou.

A.Becalmandavoidreacting,

B.Knowwhattosaytothebully.

C.Bulliesusuallyhuntforpeoplewhoarealone.

D.Keepingthebullyinginsecretiswhatthebullywants.

E.Furthermore,thereisnopointintalkingopenlyaboutbullying.

F.Butdoingnothinginreturnwillonlyresultinmoreintensebullying.

G.However,raisingourvoiceorrespondingangrilycanmakethingsworse.

【答案】16.F17.A18.G19.C20.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了四种应对欺凌的方法。

【16题详解】

根据上文“Itisnevereasytocopewithalltheunwantedbullying(恐吓)evenwhenyouhavedonenothingwrong.(即使你什么都没做错，要应对所有不必要的欺凌也绝非易事。)”可知，采取行动抵制欺凌是件不容易的事，F项“Butdoingnothinginreturnwillonlyresultinmoreintensebullying.(但作为回应欺凌，什么也不做只会导致更严重的欺凌。)”，F项承接上文，下文“Keepthefollowingtipsinmindtostopthesituationfromgettingworse.(记住下面的建议，防止情况变得更糟)”，针对上文和F项的情况，下文切入本文话题，关于应对欺凌的建议。上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选F项。

【17题详解】

下文“Whenbulliesconfrontyou,itmaybehardtostaycalm,butthisiskeytoignoringthem.Avoidingshowingemotionsthatyouareupsetorfeelhurtdiscouragesthebully.Whenyoudonotreacttowhattheysayordo,theystarttoloseinterestinyou.Andtheywillnaturallystopbotheringyou.(当你面对恶霸时，你可能很难保持冷静，但这是忽视他们的关键。避免表现出你心烦意乱或感到受伤的情绪会阻止欺负者。当你对他们所说的或所做的没有反应时，他们就开始对你失去兴趣。他们自然就不会再打扰你了。)”可知，面对欺凌，要冷静，不要有反应，A项“Becalmandavoidreacting,(保持冷静，避免反应)”与上文语意一致，为本段的主题句，calm与react为复现词。故选A项。

【18题详解】

根据上文“Askthemtostop.Ifwalkingawaydoesn'twork,tellthebullytostopinacalm,unemotíonalvoice.Sometimeswhenwedonotspeakupforourselves,thebulliesmaythinkofusaseasytargetsandcontinuewiththeirbehavior.(让他们停下来。如果走开不管用，用平静的,不动声色的声音告诉欺负你的人停下来。有时当我们不为自己说话时，霸凌者可能认为我们是容易攻击的目标，并继续他们的行为。)”可知，面对霸凌者，我们出声阻止他们，不出声的话，霸凌者会认为这人好欺负而继续霸凌行为，G项“However,raisingourvoiceorrespondingangrilycanmakethingsworse.(然而，提高我们的声音或愤怒地回应会让事情变得更糟。)”，根据However，G项和上文分别从正反两面来阐述如何叫停欺凌，以及可能带来的结果。上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。

【19题详解】

根据上文“Beaccompanied.Ifyouarewithyourfriends,orifyouareinthecompanyofsomeone,itisleastlikelythatthebullywilldisturbyou.(有人陪同。如果你和朋友在一起，或者有人陪着你，欺负你的人打扰你的可能性最小。)”，本段主题句为“有人陪同”，C项“Bulliesusuallyhuntforpeoplewhoarealone.(恃强凌弱者通常会寻找孤独的人)”，在有旁人的情况下，霸凌现象发生的可能性很小，accompanied与alone呼应，上下文语意一致，故选C项。

【20题详解】

根据上文“Talktosomeoneyoutrustaboutthebullying.(和你信任的人谈谈欺凌行为)”可知，把受霸凌的事告知自己信任的人，而不是一个人默默承受，有助于防止再次被霸凌。D项“Keepingthebullyinginsecretiswhatthebullywants.(霸凌者想要的就是对霸凌行为保密)”，上文中的Talktosomeone与D项中的insecret相呼应，上下文语意一致。故选D项。

第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)

第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

EveryyearI’dreadover2,000collegeapplicationsfromstudentsallovertheworld.Itisquite____21____tochoosewhomtoadmit.____22____,inthechaosofSATscoresandrecommendations,one____23____isalwaysirresistibleinacandidate：kindness.

Themostsurprising____24____ofkindnessI’veever____25____camefromastudentwhohadexcellentscoresandasupportiverecommendationfromhiscollegecounselor(顾问).Evenwiththesequalifications,hemightnothave____26____.Butoneletterofrecommendationcaughtmyeye.Itwasfromaschoolsecurity____27____.Lettersofrecommendationaretypicallywrittenbypeoplelikeformerpresidents,celebrities,andOlympicathletes.

Thesecurityguardwrotethathesupportedthisstudent’sadmissionbecauseofhis____28____.Thisyoungmanwastheonlypersonintheschoolwhoknewthenamesofeverymemberoftheguardstaff.Heturnedofflightsinemptyroomsconsistently____29____thehallwaymonitoreachmorningandtidieduptheclassroomafterhispeersleftschool____30____nobodywaswatching.Thisstudent,thesecurityguardwrote,hada(n)____31____respectforeverypersonattheschool,regardlessofposition,popularityorpower.

Itgaveusa____32____ontoastudent’slifeinthemomentswhennothing“counted”.Thatstudentwasadmittedbyunanimous(一致的)voteoftheadmissionscommittee.

Nextyeartheremightbeafloodofsecurityguardrecommendations____33____thisessay.Butifitmeansstudentswillstartpayingasmuch____34____tothepeoplewhocleantheirclassroomsastheydototheirprincipalsandteachers,I’mhappytohelpstartthat____35____.

21.A.decentB.difficultC.delicateD.desperate

22.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.BesidesD.Therefore

23.A.abilityB.qualityC.limitationD.assumption

24.A.signalB.imageC.appearanceD.indication

25.A.comeoutB.pickupC.comeacrossD.bringup

26.A.stoodupB.stoodoutC.givenupD.givenout

27A.guardB.teacherC.principalD.counselor

28.A.wisdomB.braveryC.encouragementD.consideration

29.A.botheredB.answeredC.visitedD.thanked

30.A.asifB.nowthatC.evenifD.inorderthat

31.A.demandingB.amusingC.refreshingD.puzzling

32.A.passionB.troubleC.methodD.window

33.A.duetoB.inneedofC.exceptforD.alongwith

34.A.moneyB.noticeC.attentionD.curiosity

35.A.policyB.trendC.arrangementD.career

【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.C26.B27.A28.D29.D30.C31.C32.D33.A34.C35.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了每年都要审批来自世界各地的2000多份大学申请。要选择录取谁是相当困难的。然而，在SAT分数和推荐信的混乱中，候选人的一个品质总是不可抗拒的：善良。一名保安因为一名学生的体贴和尊重而写了一封推荐信。

【21题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要选择录取谁是相当困难的。A.decent体面的；B.difficult困难的；C.delicate脆弱的；D.desperate绝望的。根据上文“EveryyearI’dreadover2,000collegeapplicationsfromstudentsallovertheworld.(每年我都要阅读来自世界各地的2000多份大学申请)”可知，申请人很多，所以要选择录取谁是相当困难的。故选B。

【22题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在SAT分数和推荐信的混乱中，候选人的一个品质总是不可抗拒的：善良。A.However然而；B.Otherwise否则；C.Besides此外；D.Therefore因此。后文“isalwaysirresistibleinacandidate”提到了不可抗拒的品质，与上文很难选择录取谁构成转折关系，应用however。故选A。

【23题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在SAT分数和推荐信的混乱中，候选人的一个品质总是不可抗拒的：善良。A.ability能力；B.quality品质；C.limitation限制；D.assumption假设。后文“isalwaysirresistibleinacandidate:kindness”可知，善良是一种品质。故选B。

【24题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所遇到过的最令人惊讶的善良表现来自一个成绩优异的学生，他的大学指导老师给他推荐了一封支持性的信。A.signal信号；B.image图像；C.appearance外表；D.indication表现，指示。根据后文“ofkindness”可知，这里指善良的表现，应用indication。故选D。

【25题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意：我所遇到过的最令人惊讶的善良表现来自一个成绩优异的学生，他的大学指导老师给他推荐了一封支持性的信。A.comeout出版；B.pickup捡起；C.comeacross遇见；D.bringup提出。根据上文“ofkindnessI’veever”可知，这里指遇到过的最令人惊讶的善良表现。故选C。

【26题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使有这些资历，他也未必能脱颖而出。A.stoodup站立；B.stoodout突出；C.givenup放弃；D.givenout分发。根据上文“Evenwiththesequalifications,hemightnothave”可知，有了好的资历，按理说可以在申请人中脱颖而出，故选B。

【27题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：来自学校保安。A.guard保安；B.teacher老师；C.principal原则；D.counselor顾问。根据后文“Thesecurityguardwrote”可知，信来自学校保安。故选A。

【28题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：保安写道，出于他的体贴，他支持这名学生入学。A.wisdom智慧；B.bravery勇敢；C.encouragement鼓励；D.consideration考虑，体贴。根据后文“Thisyoungmanwastheonlypersonintheschoolwhoknewthenamesofeverymemberoftheguardstaff.(这个年轻人是学校里唯一一个知道警卫人员名字的人)”可知，学生很体贴，会记住一个普通人的名字。故选D。

【29题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在空房间里关灯，每天早上总是感谢走廊的监控（总是对着监控致谢），在同学们离开教室后收拾教室，即使没有人在看。A.bothered打扰；B.answered回答；C.visited参观；D.thanked感谢。根据上文“Heturnedofflightsinemptyrooms,consistently”可知，学生很有礼貌，在空房间里关灯，每天早上总是感谢走廊的监控（总是对着监控致谢），故选D。

【