阅读理解专题 优秀

阅读理解设题与解题思路Guessingthemeanings

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Inferringaconclusion

词义猜测词推判断细节理解四大题型考查比例图

---以近五年广州中考英语阅读理解题为例1wh细节题2是非题3计算题4图表题5排序题LookingforDetails

细节理解题

29. HowdidJakeandhisfamilyhelpsavethewhale? 42.Whocantakepartinthecompetition?WhatdidtheEastIndiaCompanydotostoplosingmoney?31.Intheearly1700swheredidmostteadrunkinAmericacomefrom?27.Whydidthelocalpeoplegodowntothebeachthatmorning?事件人物方式地方因果1.Wh细节题wh细节题解题步骤：●通读全文，记忆主要信息分布；●阅读问题（不读答案选项）捕捉问题中的信号词；●回文章中定位题干的信号词所在上下文寻找答案依据，猜测答案；●阅读答案选项，核对自己的猜测和答题。解题技巧与策略Ananimalrescueserviceteamsoonarrivedinatruckwithheavyliftingmachinery,tohelpmovetheanimal.Jackandhisfamilycouldn’tdomuchonthebeach,sotheywentbacktotheirhouseandmadesandwichesandhotteafortherescuers.Atleast,Jakethought,theycouldhelpinsomeway.29.HowdidJakeandhisfamilyhelpsavethewhale? A.Bycallingtherescueservice. B.Byaskingtheirneighboursforhelp. C.Bygivingtherescuersfoodanddrink. D.Bycontrollingthepeopleonthebeach.(2016广州中考题A篇)注意：

题干设计常常避开原文中所用的词汇，而用其同义词、近义词或反义词设题。..Thevillagerswereforcedtouseoillamps,whicharenotonlyexpensivebutalsodangerousbecauseoftheharmfulgasestheyproduce.36.Whataretheproblemsofoillampsaccordingtotheparagraph?A.Theyaredifficulttouseandcreatepollution.B.Theyareexpensivetobuyandeasilydamaged.C.Theyaredifficulttorepairandproducelittlelight.D.theyareexpensivetouseandcanbebadforhealth.___________________________________________________________同义词BonaintheUSAin1940，LeereturnedtohisnativeHongKongbeforehisbirthday．Asateenager，thehighlyintelligentboywasacceptedintooneofHongKong’smostfamousmiddleschoolsbuthepaidlittleattentiontohisstudies.Hewasmoreinterestedinsport，especiallykungfu，andhangingoutwithhisstreet-gangfriends.56.ASateenager,Leewasvery

．

A.quietB.hard—workingC.braveD.smart近义词InNorthAmerica,thelocalpeopledidnotlikehavingtopaysuchhighprices.InsteadofoverpayingforteafromtheBritish,theyturnedtoDutchtraders,whosecretlybroughtteatothecountrythatwasjustasgood—andmuchlessexpensive.

33.WhydidmayAmericansbegintobuyteafromtheDutchtraderfs?A.Theteawasmuchcheaper.B.Theteawasalothealthier.C.Theycouldbuyitmoreeasily.D.Theydidn'twanttosupporttheBritish.反义词38.WhatistrueaboutthePlantLamp?A.ItcanbemadebylocalpeopleB.ItismucheasiertousethanoillampsC.ItcanproducealltheelectricitythevillageneedD.Thethingsitneedstomakeelectricityareeasytofind三误一正2.是非题59.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutHelen’suniversitystudies?

A.ShewasgreatlyhelpedbyAnne.B.Shewasthebeststudentinherclass.C.Shewasabletograduateinthreeyears.D.Shewasthefirstdeafandblinduniversitygraduate.三正一误2.是非题____________明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符是非题干扰项的特点概括:正误并存扩大(缩小)范围偷换概念以偏概全无中生有_____________信息部分正确，部分错误______________是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节______________符合常识，但不是文章的内容_____________与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动______________是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容答非所问

41.Howmanypeoplewillbegivenprizesintotal?A.Three B.Five C.Nine D.Ten3计算题【解析】答案为C

。

根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：1+3+5=9Prizes:1stPrize-$1000(oneprizeonly)2ndPrize-$250(3prizes)3rdPrize-$100(5prizes)（2016广州中考D篇）

(2016年广州中考题D篇）根据文章图表，依次验证四个选项，很容易找出A

符合图表内容。4图表题Winnerswillbedecidedaccordingtothefollowing:VoiceQuality50%SongChoice15%AudienceResponse25%DancingAbility10%44.Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfordecidingthewinners?A.VoiceQuality B.SongChoice.C.AudienceResponse D.DancingAbility.________________________(2016年广州中考题A篇）30.Inwhatorderdidtheeventsofthewhalerescuetakeplace?

a.Thewhaledisappearedunderthesea. b.Peopleturnedonthelightsoftheircars. c.Rescuersliftedthewhaleintothewater. d.Peoplepushedthewhaletowardsthesea.A.e-d-b-c-a B.e-b-c-d-a C.d-b-e-a-c D.a-e-b-d-c解题思路：先找出选项里的所有动词，回文章里圈出其在文章中的位置，从而可以快速地选出正确答案。5.排序题常见设题方式：1.Theunderlinedword“it”/“this”/“they”inParagraph2refersto____．2.Theword“…”means___.3.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“…”_____.Guessingthemeanings根据解释猜测词义技巧1

Hereisacasethatshowsthebenefitsofanimals.Johnwasasix-year-oldmute.Hehadnophysicalproblems.Hejustrefusedtotalk.57.Theunderlinedword“mute”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto“_________”. A.apersonwhospeaksslowly B.apersonwhodoesnotspeak C.apersonwhocannothear D.apersonwhoenjoystalking根据解释猜测词义技巧11990wasasignificant

yearinworldevents.InFebruary,NelsonMandelawassetfreeafter27yearsinprison.InOctober,EastandWestGermanybecameonecountryagain.Thenattheendof1990,theWorldWideWebwasborn.Forthisfinaleventwehaveonemantothank,TimBerners-Lee,thefatheroftheWeb.

56．Theunderlinedword“significant”(inPara1)mostprobablymeans“_______”.strangeB.terribleC.important D.difficult根据上文内容确定代词所指代的对象技巧2（2013年广州中考题）In1918,hewrotehisfamousshortstoryDiaryofaMadman.ItwasthefirstChinesenovelpublishedusingtheeverydaylanguagethatpeoplespoke,whichhelpedmakeitagreatsuccess.This,togetherwithhisnovelTheTrueStoryofAhQ(1921),madeLuXunaleadingChinesewriter.53.Theunderlinedword“This”refersto____.A.thesuccessofDiaryofaMadmanB.theuseofeverydaylanguageC.thefirstChinesenovelD.TheTrueStoryofAhQ根据上下文情景确定词义技巧3

（2012广州中考题）Lookatthatfarmacrossthecreek．That’smybrother’sfarm.Thatcreekusedtobeagrassfield，butlastweekmybrotherdugapathfromtheriverandmadethecreek．ButI’llgethimonebetter．

Seethatpileofwood?1wantyoutobuildmeafence，

twometrestall，so1won’tneedtoseehimanymore.”

47．Theunderlinedexpression“gethimonebetter”means________.A．dosomethingevenworseB.improvethesituationC．pointouthismistakeD．helphimout.根据常识、经验猜生词技巧4（2016广州中考题）Thenonewhaleswaminthedirection,directlytowardsland.Itcameinwiththewaves,andwhenthewavesreceded.Itshugebodyonthesand.

28.Theunderlinedword“receded”means________.didn'tmove B.wentbackout C.washedover D.gotup_______________________________58.Theunderlinedphrase“multi-languagespeakers”means“peoplewhoknow______.”A.theirmotherlanguageB.anewlanguageC.morethanonelanguageD.bodylanguage(2013广州中考题）So,knowingmorethanonelanguageincreasesyourknowledgeofothercultures.Havingmoremulti-languagespeakersimprovesrelationshipsbetweencountries.Ifpeoplefromdifferentcountriescancommunicatewell,theworldcanbecomecloser.Countrieswillthenhavemorerespectforeachotherandbetterunderstandeachother’sproblems.技巧5根据因果关系猜测词义1.

推断隐含意义

2.推断观点或态度

3.推断写作目的

4.推断文章出处

推理判断题Inferringaconclusion

1.常见设问形式:Whatcanwelearnabout/inferfromthepassage?Fromthearticleweknowthat….Thewriterreallymeansis

.Thestorytellsusthat

.

一、如何推断隐含意义2.技巧点拨

1)全面分析

2)忠实原文

3)不要选择表层信息Theticketladytoldhimtheprice. Theman’swifeloweredherhead.Therewasnolongerasmileontheman’sface.Hequietlyasked,“Howmuchdidyousay?” Theticketladyagaintoldhimtheprice. Themanobviouslydidn’thaveenoughmoney.Buthowcouldhetellhiskidsthebadnews?

47.Whywasthepoormanunhappyafterhespokewiththeticketlady?A.Hehadlosthismoney. B.Hischildrenwerenoisy.C.Theticketsweresoldout. D.Theticketsweretooexpensive.技巧点拨:

注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。二、如何推断观点：Itwouldn’tbelongnowbeforethekidswouldrushintomyroomandwakemeuptotellmeaboutthenewtree-houseFatherChristmashadbroughtthemthisyear.50.Howwouldthechildrenfeelwhentheysawtheman’swork?A.Confused. B.Excited. C.Tired. D.Angry.三、如何推断写作目的1.常见设问形式:(1)

考查整篇文章的写作目的

A.Thewriter’s

purposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?(2)

考查某处细节的写作意图

A.Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat_____.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.2.常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：toentertainreaders

（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2)topersuadereaders

（说服读者接受某种观点）(3)toinformreaders

（告知读者某些信息）常见于故事类的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常见于广告类的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.

(2011年广州中考题C篇）IamaprofessorofsportsandexercisesoIoftendealwithnervousnessinmyresearchwithsportspeople.Actually,mostpeopleexperiencenervousnessatsometimeoranother.60.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Tointroducethewriter’ssportsexperience.B.Toadviseonhowtodealwithnervousness.C.Tohelppeopleremembertheirfears.D.Toexplainthedangersofnervousness.(2014广州中考题C篇）Hereisacasethatshowsthebenefitsofanimals.Johnwasasix-year-oldmute.Hehadnophysicalproblems.Hejustrefusedtotalk.Hisoldercousin,Ned,hadaparrotcalledSally,andJohnusedtovisitit.Whenhearrived,Nedusedtosay,“Hi,John!”Weallknowcarrotscopywhattheyhear.Afterafewvisits,Sallybegansaying“Hi,John!”whenJohncameintotheroom.Then,oneday,Johnturnedtotheparrotandreplied“Hi,Sally!”StayingwiththeparrotencouragedJohntobegintalking.58.ThepurposeofParagraph3isto_____.A.showhowanimalscanhelpwithillnesses B.discusstheproblemsofkeepingpets C.describehowtotrainanimalhelpers D.introducesomenewmedicalresearch

1.常见设问形式:

Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobably

appear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof___.四、如何推断文章出处2.解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸

(2)广告(3)产品说明：Wanttostayawayfromcolds?Putonahappyface.Comparedtounhappypeople,thosewhoarecheerfulandrelaxedarelesslikelytosufferfromcolds,accordingtoanewstudy.It'spossiblet