八年级英语上册-Unit-3-Computers课件-牛津深圳版

Unit3ComputersModule2Scienceandtechnology自主预习一、根据汉语写出英文单词1.(计算机)显示器(n.)_________________2.扬声器(n.)_________________3.打字(v.)_________________4.受喜爱的；受欢迎的(adj.)_________________5.操纵；控制(v.)_________________6.依靠；依赖(v.)_________________7.极小的；微小的(adj.)_________________8.昂贵的；价格高的(adj.)_________________9.比较；对比(v.)_________________10.操作；控制(v.)_________________11.总额；合计(n.)_________________12.订货；订购(n.)_________________monitorspeakertypepopularcontroldependtinyexpensivecompareoperatetotalorder二、根据汉语写出下列词组1.依靠_____________________2.总计；共计_____________________3.盼望；期待_____________________4.除……之外（还）_____________________5.怎样处理_____________________6.玩电脑游戏_____________________7.没意识到；未察觉_____________________8.从事……工作_____________________dependongrandtotallookforwardtoinadditionwhat...dowithplaycomputergames(be)unawareofworkas三、翻译下列句子1.现在电脑正变得更小、更好。__________________________________________2.你对电脑的依赖程度比你意识到的要深得多。__________________________________________3.它们能比我们计算得更快,而且几乎从不出错。____________________________________________________________________________________4.此外,电脑还能做一些重要的工作,例如操控铁路系统,驾驶飞机和宇宙飞船。____________________________________________________________________________________5.例如,它们可能比人类(医生)更胜任医生这种工作。____________________________________________________________________________________Nowcomputersarebecomingsmallerandbetter.Youdependoncomputersmorethanyourealize.Theycancalculateatafasterspeedthanwecanandalmostnevergivewronganswers.Inaddition,computerscandoimportantjobslikeoperatingrailwaysandflyingplanesandspaceships.Forexample,theymaybebetterthandoctorsatdoingtheirjob.词汇精析【1】ordern.arequestforgoods订货，订购;aconditionofregularorproperarrangement顺序；秩序

We’vereceivedanorderforthreetonsofcoal.我们已经收到了两吨煤的订单。Pleasearrangeinalphabeticalorder.请按字母顺序排列。【拓展】(1)keepsth.inorder使某物有次序It’snoteasyfortheteacherstokeeptheirclassesinorder.教师要把课堂秩序维持好是不容易的。（2）order还可以作动词，意为“命令；订购；点餐”，ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事Heorderedthemtostarttheworkatonce.他命令他们马上开始工作。【应用】(1)Heorderedtheenemysoldiers__________(put)downtheirguns.(2)()Pleasekeepalltheitemsorder.A.in B.outof C.withtoputA【2】comparev.findoutthesimilaritiesordifferencesbetweenthings比较；对比

Youshouldcomparethepricesbeforeyoubuysomething.你应该在买东西前比较一下价格。【同根词】（1）comparativeadj.比较的Whydon’twedosomecomparativeadvertising？我们为什么不能做一些对比广告呢？（2）comparisonn.比较；对比HewroteapaperonthecomparisonbetweenChinesecultureandAmericanculture.他写了一篇关于中国文化和美国文化的比较的论文。【拓展】

(1)compare...with...把……与……作比较

Compareyourlifestylewithhis,hisishealthier.用你的生活方式与他的比较，他的更健康。

(2)compare...to...把……比喻成……PeopleoftencompareyoungpeopletotherisingSun.人们常把年轻人比喻成正在升起的太阳。【应用】(1)Thereisno______________(compare)betweenthetwo.(2)()Comparethiscar______thatone,andyouwillfindthedifferencesbetweenthem.A.to B.with C.for(3)()Thissongcomparesourcountryabigfamily.A.to B.with C.forcomparisonBA【3】speakern.someonewhotalks（especiallysomeonewhohasapublicspeech）演讲者;apieceofelectricalequipment,forexamplepartofaradioorsetofequipmentforplayingCDsortapes,throughwhichsoundcomesout扬声器Thesoundsoftheguitararesentthroughthespeaker.吉他的声音通过扬声器传送出去。【同根词】（1）speakv.“说；讲”，其过去式为spoke，过去分词为spoken。IrangthehotelandspoketoLouie.我打电话给宾馆，跟路易通了话。（2）speechn.演讲；讲话Hisspeechinspiredthesoldierswithcourage.他的讲话激发了战士们的勇气。【拓展】

speak，tell与say的用法区别（1）习惯用法：①表示“演说；演讲；发言”等，一般用speak。Whoisgoingtospeakatthemeeting?谁将在会上发言？②表示“讲故事；说谎”等，一般用tell。Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.他经常给我们讲有趣的故事。tellastory讲故事tellthetruth说实话③表示“说某种语言”，一般用speak。DoyouspeakFrench?你会说法语吗?（2）tell可意为“讲述；告诉”。tellsb.sth.意为“告诉某人某事”；tellsb.（not）todosth.意为“告诉某人（不要）去做某事”。（3）talk一般为不及物动词，意思是“交谈；谈话”，着重强调两者之间的相互说话。talk常用短语为talkabout。（4）say一般用作及物动词，着重强调说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词、代词或宾语从句。Hecansayhisname.他会说他的名字。PleasesayitinEnglish.请用英语说。She’ssaying，“Don’tdrawonthewall.”她在说：“别在墙上画。”【应用】（1）Thefirst__________（speak）begantotalk,veryfastandratherloudly.（2）Whenshewasyoung,she__________（speak）EnglishintheUSA.speakerspoke【4】controlv.tousepowertomanageorcommand操纵，控制（机器或系统等）

Youmustlearntocontrolyourtemper.你必须学会控制你的脾气。【拓展】(1)losecontrol失去控制Youshouldn’tlosecontrol.你不应该失控。(2)outofcontrol失去控制Theplaneisoutofcontrol.飞机失控了。(3)undercontrol处于控制之下Thefirehasbeenbroughtundercontrol.火势已受到控制。(4)underone’scontrol在某人的控制下DuringtheWorldWarII,theareawasunderthecontroloftheUSNavy.二战期间，这一地区被美国海军所控制。【应用】()Everythingis______control.A.on B.out C.underC【5】dependv.toneedthehelpofsomeone,ortotrustthatsomeonewilldosomething依靠；依赖AlllivingthingsdependontheSunfortheirgrowth.万物依靠太阳生长。【同根词】（1）dependentadj.依赖的Childrenaretotallydependentontheirparentsforfoodandshelter.小孩子完全依赖父母提供食宿。(2)dependencen.依靠Helivedinastateofdependenceonhisfriend’shelp.他依靠朋友的帮助而生活。(3)independentadj.独立的Weshouldlearntobeindependent.我们应该学会独立。(4)independencen.独立Hewasafraidoflosinghisindependence.他担心丧失自己的独立。【拓展】dependon依靠；依赖；取决于。当意为“依靠”时，相当于relyon；意为“取决于”时，相当于bedecidedby。Youcandependonher，becauseshealwayskeepsherpromises.你可以信赖她,因为她一向都是信守诺言的。Howmuchitcostsdependsonhowmuchyoubuy.价钱取决于你买多少。【应用】(1)()Thelittleboyalwaysdependsonhismother.(选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A.relieson B.isdecidedby C.believesin(2)Indiagained________________(depend)fromBritainin1947.(3)Allis_____________(depend)onyourdecision.Aindependencedependent【6】operatev.tocontroltheworkingofsomething,makesomethingwork操作，控制；cutopenapatient’sbodyinordertoremove,replace,orrepairadiseasedordamagedpart做手术Couldyoutellmehowtooperatethismachine?你可以告诉我怎样操作这部机器吗？Thedoctoroperatedonhisarmlastweek.医生上周给他的手臂做了手术。【同根词】operationn.操作；手术Theoperationofthismachineissimple.这台机器的操作很简单。【拓展】operateonsb.给某人做手术Whodidyouoperateonlastnight?你昨晚为谁做过手术?【应用】(1)Youneedagoodrestafterthe__________(operate).(2)()Thedoctorsdecidedtooperateherimmediately.A.on B.with C.about operationA【7】pricen.theamountofmoneyneededtopurchasesomething价格

Thepriceofthehouseisveryhigh.这房子的价格很高。【拓展】(1)atthepriceof以……的价格Sheboughtthenewdressatthepriceof10dollars.她以10美元的价格买了这条新裙子。(2)ataprice以相当高的价格；付出很大的代价Ticketsarestillavailable,butataprice.门票依然有售，只是票价很高。(3)What’sthepriceofsth.?=Howmuchissth.?=Howmuchdoessth.cost?某物的价格是多少？【应用】(1)()Haveyouagreedtosellhimthegoods______suchaprice?A.in B.for C.at(2)What’sthepriceofthemobilephone?(改为同义句)______________________________________________________________________________________CHowmuchisthemobilephone?/Howmuchdoesthemobilephonecost?【8】sellv.exchangeordeliversomethingformoneyoritsequivalent出售；售卖sell的过去式和过去分式分别为sold,sold。Whatdoestheshopsell?这家商店出售什么？【同根词】salen.销售额 onsale打折 forsale出售Thesegoodsareentirelyunfitforsale.这些货物完全不宜销售。【拓展】sell既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。意为“卖得好”时，作不及物动词，用sellwell表示；意为“卖光了”时，作及物动词，用sth.besoldout表示。Thekindoforangessellswell.Theyhavebeensoldout.这种橙卖得很好,已经全部卖光了。【应用】()Sorry,theshirtsinyoursizehave_____.A.soldout B.soldup C.beensoldoutC【9】popularadj.beenjoyedorlikedbymanypeople受喜爱的；受欢迎的Herkindnessmadeherpopular.她的友善使她备受欢迎。【同根词】popularityn.普及;流行;名气Hegainedpopularityamonghisstudents.他赢得了学生们的喜爱。【拓展】bepopularwith/among受……的欢迎Mostpeoplewouldliketobepopularwith/amongothers.大部分的人都想受到他的人欢迎。【应用】(1)()Apple’sproductsarepopularyoungpeople.A.in B.with C.for(2)Herbookshavegrownin__________(popular)recently.Bpopularity【10】(be)unawareof=doesn’tknow,doesn’trealize没意识到；未察觉Hewasunawareofmypresence.=HewasunawarethatIwaspresent.他不知道我在场。【拓展】beawareof意识到；察觉Areyouawareofthetime?=Doyouknowthetime?你知道是什么时候了吗?【应用】()Heisunawareoftheimportanceofstudy.(选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A.knows B.doesn’trealizeC.paysattentiontoB【11】inaddition=besides=what’smore除……以外（还）Imetsomefriendsandotherpeopleinaddition.我遇到了几位朋友，还遇到了其他人。【拓展】(1)inaddition=besides=what’smore此外；而且Inaddition,youcanshareyourfileswithothers.=Besides,youcanshareyourfileswithothers.=What’smore,youcanshareyourfileswithothers.此外，你还可以和其他人共享你的文件。(2)inadditionto意为“除了……之外”，后接名词或动名词。Inadditiontogivingmesomeadvice,hegavemesomemoney.他不仅给我提了一些忠告，还给了我一些钱。(3)A+inadditionto+B作主语时，谓语的单复数形式与A保持一致。Theprofessorinadditiontohisassistantsisgoingtoattendthemeetingthisweekend.这个周末教授和他的助手们将参加会议。【应用】(1)()Wesawacartooninadditiontoafilm.(选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A.except B.but C.besides (2)()Inaddition,weshouldplantmoretreestoprotecttheenvironment.(选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)A.Beside B.Moreorless C.What’smoreCC【12】lookforwardto=expect=livefor（后接名词或动名词）盼望；期待IamlookingforwardtothetriptoAmerica.我正期待着这次美国之行。【应用】Ilookforwardto__________(meet)youattheairport.meeting【13】bebetterthan...at...比……更擅长……begoodat意为“擅长……”，bebetterthan...at...意为“比……更擅长……”，at后面接名词或动名词。Heisbetterthanmeatswimming.游泳方面他比我更擅长。【拓展】begoodat的近义词组为dowellin,bebetterat的近义词组则为dobetterin。Doyoubelievethatonlyboysdowellinscience?您认为只有男孩才能在科学上有所建树吗？【应用】（）—Areyougoodat?—No,I’mgoodat.A.write;chessB.writing;chessC.writing;singB语法梳理语法精讲有关形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的用法1.形容词和副词的三级用法（1）原级:as+形容词或副词的原级+as，意为“和……一样”;否定用notas/so...as。Theroomisasbigasmine.这个房间和我的（房间）一样大。Hedoesn’trunas/sofastasme.他没有我跑得快。（2）比较级①比较级的明显标志有than,AorB等。Heisyoungerthanme.他比我年轻。Whoistaller,yourfatheroryouruncle?你爸爸和你叔叔谁更高?②abit,alittle,much,far,many,alot,agreatdeal,any,even等词可以用来修饰比较级。Hedidmuchbetterthanhisbrother.他比他的兄弟做得好得多。Mikeistall,andMarkiseventallerthanhim.迈克很高，而马克甚至比他更高。③比较级+比较级,意为“越来越……”。Hisfamilybecomesricherandricher.他家变得越来越富有。Thegardenismoreandmorebeautiful.这个花园越来越漂亮了。④“the+比较级+主语+谓语,the+比较级+主语+谓语”意为“越……，越……”。Themoremoneyyoumake,themoreyouspend.你钱赚得越多,就花得越多。（3）最高级①最高级的明显标志有ofthethree(four,five...),ofall,intheclass（family,country）,A,BorC等。形容词的最高级前面通常要加定冠词the，而副词可以不加the。Iamthethinnestofthethree.我是三个人中最瘦的。Whoistheyoungest,you,heorshe?你,他和她中,谁最小?②“oneof+the+最高级+复数可数名词”结构，意为“最……的……之一”。Jackisoneofthebeststudentsinourclass.杰克是我们班最好的学生之一。③“the+序数词+形容词最高级”表示在某个范围内的第几位。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。2.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的形式变化（1）规则变化：单音节词和部分双音节词,在词尾加-er或-est。大部分双音节词和多音节词,在其前面加more或most。（2）一些常见的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的不规则变化：good/well—better—(the)best bad/ill—worse—(the)worstmany/much—more—(the)most little—less—(the)least old—older/elder—(the)oldest/eldestfar—farther/further—(the)farthest/furthest3.形容词和副词等级间的互相转换（1）比较级换成原级Thisstoryismoreinterestingthanthatone.Thatstoryisnotas/sointerestingasthisone.这个故事比那个故事更有趣。（2）最高级换成比较级Herunsfastestinourclass.Herunsfasterthananyotherstudentinourclass.Herunsfasterthantheotherstudentsinourclass.他在我们班跑得最快。（3）表示倍数的用法Theroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.Theroomisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.Theroomistwicelargerthanthatone.这间房是那间房的三倍大。

4.形容词和副词的比较级用法的误区（1）比较对象非同类。错误：Yourclassroomissmallerthanus.正确：Yourclassroomissmallerthanours.(ours=ourclassroom)你们的教室比我们的大。（2）比较对象相包含。错误：ChinaislargerthananycountryinAsia.正确：ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.中国比亚洲任何(其他)一个国家都大。（3）比较级前一般不能用定冠词the,但如果比较级后面有名词则要用the。Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?=Whichcountryislarger,CanadaorAustralia?加拿大和澳大利亚哪个国家大?Jennyistheclevererofthetwogirls.=Jennyisthecleverergirlofthetwo.珍妮是两位女孩中更聪明的一位。直击中考()1.—Myteachersoftenencourageme______morefriendsbutIfinditdifficult.—Yourteachers’ideaisright.Themorefriendsyoumake,______youwillbe.(2014达州)A.tomake;themorehappyB.tomake;happierC.making;thehappierD.tomake;thehappierD()2.Lucyisa(n)______student,sheanswerstheteachers’questionsinherclass.(2014陕西)A.moreactive;moreactivelyB.active;moreactivelyC.moreactive;themostactivelyD.active;themostactively()3.TheYangtzeRiverisoneof______intheworld.(2014铜仁)