2023年初一年级上册册英语语法 介词

EnglishGrammar

英语语法

主讲者：XXX

学习目标

Whatisapreposition?

我们先回到第1章第2课的句子：

ThelastmanonEarthwasaloneinaroomandsuddenlyhe

heardaknockonthedoor.

如果将划线词去掉后的句子是：

ThelastmanEarthwasalonearoomandsuddenlyhe

heardaknockthedoor.

最后一个人，地球，孤单,一个房间，和，突然，他听到，一声敲击

声，门。

'整.句子感觉被切割成独立的毫不相干的单元，让人理解起来很费劲,

当然这也就不能称其为“句子”了。但如果我们加上了那些词，整个句子

就被串联起来，感觉这些词具有一种中介的作用，所以称为“介词"。从

这个意义上来讲，你可以把介词理解为连接前后两个词的中介词，它体现

的是前后两个词的关系。

Whatisapreposition?

Aprepositionisawordusedtolinknouns,pronouns,orphrasesto

otherwordswithinasentence.Theyacttoconnectthepeople,

objects,XXXeandlocationsofasentence.Prepositionsareusually

shortwords,andtheyarenormallyplaceddirectlyinfrontofnouns.

介词(preposition)是用来把名词、代词或短语与句子中的其他词联系

起来的词。它们的作用是连接句子中的人、对象、时间和位置。介词通常

是短词，通常直接放在名词前面(介词的英文单词叫preposition,pre-表

示"在前面"，position表示"位置"，preposition就是"在前面的位

置”，所以代词亦称“前置词")。

Whatisapreposition?

Prepositionsareregardedasa'closedclass1ofwordsinthe

Englishlanguage.Thismeans,unlikeverbsandnouns,nonew

wordsareaddedtothisgroupoverXXXe.Inaway,itreflectstheir

roleasthefunctionalworkhorseofthesentence.Theyare

unassumingandsubtle,yetvitallyimportanttothemeaningof

language.

介词在英语中被看作是一个“封闭词类"(这意味着,

closedclass)o

与动词和名词不同，随着时间的推移，没有新词被添加到这个词类中。从

某种意义上说，这反映了介词作为句子的功能主力的作用。它们低调而微

妙但对■语言的意义至关重要。

'在英营3语系，介词的使话频率^常高，往往通过介词来表达动词的

含义，这是英文思维有别于中文思维的一大特点。rt

对于"封闭词类"，我们可以集中一段时间把它们全部一次突破。

TypesofPrepositions

介词的类型

Prepositionofspace空间介词

PrepositionofXXXe时■间介词

Prepositionwithnouns名词+介词

Prepositionwithadjectives形容词+介词

Prepositionwithverbs动词+介词

PrepositionofXXXe

PrepositionwithNouns

NounPrepositionExample

AnswerDoyouknowtheanswertothe

Toquestion?

LackWehoveexperiencedlackof

Ofresources.

TasteYouhoveagoodtastefor

Formusic!

SolutionCanyouhelpmefindasolution

Totomyproblem?

RelationshipWhat'sherrelationshipwith

WithJack?

PossibilityIsthereanypossibilityofgetting

Ofwhotwewant?

PrepositionwithAdjectives

badat

fondofboredof-with

interestedinproudof

famousfordifferentfrom

politetosimilarto

shockedatawareof

coolaboutconsciousof

crazyaboutresponsiblefor

goodat

PrepositionwithVerbs

arrivebelong

海、

recover

癖1

atcomment

i

1forEl

MostCommonPrepositions

最常用介词列表

、・・♦・・・■•■0、.14——S，，-Q-・Ti・c_TMLC・WT_・m

r.、

.About•Becauseof•Inadditionto•Nextto■Throughout

・AboveBefore■Incaseof•Past•Ti

，Accordingto.Behind，Infrontof.Per®Times

Across.Bdow.Inplaceof.Priorto•To

.After・Beneathf|Inspiteof，Round■Toward

.Againstf|Beside-Into■Snce・Towards

・Aheadof.Besides.Inside•off，Under

•Along■Between■Insteadof.On•Underneath

・Amidst•Beyond.Into■Onaccountof■Unfee

.Among9By■Except■Onbehalfof•Unti

.Amongst.Bymeansof。Exceptfor.Onto•Unto

.Apartfromf|Concerning・Excluding.Ontopof•Up

，Around■Despite.For.Onto■Upon

■As.Down.Fofowing■Opposite・Via

f|Asfaras・Dueto.From•Out.With

・Aswdas.During.Like・Outfrom•Withaviewto

f|Asidefrom，n.Minusf|Outofs'；t«

•At•Plus.Near・Owingto产

Barring.Within.Outside■ThanA

•Without、・Next/.・Over•Through___rzJ

Exercise1

Decidewhichtypeofprepositiontheunderlinedwordis.判断戈

词属于哪种类型。仿照例子在括号里写出类型的代号。

Prepositionofspace空间介词(Type1)

PrepositionofXXXe时间介词(Type2)

Prepositionwithnouns名词+介痼(Type3)

Prepositionwithadjectives形容词+介词(Type4)

Prepositionwithverbs动词+介词(Type5)

Ex.Hesatonarock.(Type5)

1Thebabyjustsmiledatme.()

2Couldyoutellmetheanswertothequestion?(

3Thereisacatinthetunnel.()

4JimiscrazyaboutMichaelJackson.(

5Igetupat5a.m.everyday.(

is

Exercise2

Underlinetheprepositionsinthesentences.Each

sentencecontainsatleasttwoprepositions.在每句中的介

词下面画下划线。每句至少有两个介词。

1Wewentthroughthedoorandsnuckintothebank.

2Wewerelookingforthemoneythatwaskeptinthe

safe.

3Therewasaguardwithagunstandingbesidethe

safe.

4Wetriedsneakingbyhim,butmyfriendtrippedover

amop.

5Theguardgrabbedhimbytheneck,butIsnuck

aroundhimandknockedhimdown.

AnswerKeytoExercise1

Decidewhichtypeofprepositiontheunderlinedwordis.判断划线介

词属于哪种类型。仿照例子在括号里写出类型的代号。

Prepositionofspace空间介词(Type1)

PrepositionofXXXe时间介词(Type2)

Prepositionwithnouns名词+介痼(Type3)

Prepositionwithadjectives形容词+介词(Type4)

Prepositionwithverbs动词+介词(Type5)

Ex.Hesatonarock.(Type5)

1Thebabyjustsmiledatme.(Type5)

2Couldyoutellmetheanswertothequestion?(

3Thereisacatinthetunnel.(Type1)

4JimiscrazyaboutMichaelJackson.(Type4

5Igetupat5a.m.everyday.(Type2)

AnswerKeytoExercise2

Underlinetheprepositionsinthesentences,Each

sentencecontainsatleasttwoprepositions.在每句中的介

词下面画下划线。每句至少有两个介词。

1Wewentthroughthedoorandsnuckintothebank.

2Wewerelookingforthemoneythatwaskeptinthe

safe.

3Therewasaguardwithagunstandingbesidethe

safe.

butmyfriendtrippedover

5Theguardgrabbedhimbytheneck,

aroundhimandknockedhimdown.

EnglishGrammar

英语语法

主讲者：XXX

体会时间介词at,on,in随时间单位的变大而渐变的过程

熟记ATrainofXXXe图表,从而正确运用时间介词at,on,

一

ATrainofTime

-------X----

Timeisatrainthatmakesthefuturethepast.(U2)

xtJseStfoiaspecific

pointintimeUse111foi

pailsoftheday/^^Us^OH-forspecific

clays,dates,partsof

thedaymodifiedUsetnformonths'

,word.

andseasons.

UseInforyears,

decadesand

centimes

*7am.

IhemorningbirthdayMarch

MondayApril

卜Ispring1980

May

thispointnoonChristmasTuesday1983the1980s

IIWeclnesdayweekdaysJune

1986

July

thismomenttheMtanoohJuly4thsummer

Augustthe

Thursday20th

tlwmointngSeptemljer

thattimetheeveningFridayfallcentury

ofJuly4thOctoberTIME

autumn

Novenibei1995

presentnightthenightacoldmotnii9Saturday1997the1990s

Decenibef

zveekends1999

dinnerSundaymornngSundayJanuaiywinter

IFebtuary

intheat;inthe

past；presentfuture

Exercise1

Fillintheblankswithat,onandinaccordingtoATrainofXXXe.根

据ATrainofXXXe图表用at,on,in填空。

1()the21stcentury

2()lunch

3()thefuture

4()night

5()thenight

6()2020

7()theafternoon

8()awinternight

9()October1st

10()thepast

Fillintheblankswithat,onandinaccordingtoATrainofXXXe.根

据ATrainofXXXe图表用at,on,in填空。

11getup()5a.m.everymorning.

2Judywillgetalotofpresents()herbirthday.

3Wewentoutside()aSundaymorning.

4Doyoustayathome()weekends?

5Wereyourfatherborn()March?

6Whatdoyouusuallydo()Mondays?

7Iwasyounger()thatXXXe.

8Itoftensnows()winter.

9Lotsofrockbandswereformed()the1970s.

10Doyouwanttolive()the19thcentury?tn

is.

Answer

Fillintheblankswithat,onandinaccordingtoATrainofXXXe.根

据ATrainofXXXe图表用at,on,in填空。

1(in)the21stcentury

)theafternoon

)awinternight

)October1st

)thepast

AnswerKeytoExercise2

Fillintheblankswithat,onandinaccordingtoATrainofXXXe.根

据ATrainofXXXe图表用at,on,in填空。

11getup(at)5a.m.everymorning.

2Judywillgetalotofpresents(on)herbirthday.

3Wewentoutside(on)aSundaymorning.

4Doyoustayathome(on)weekends?

5Wereyourfatherborn(in)March?

6Whatdoyouusuallydo(on)Mondays?

7Iwasyounger(at)thatXXXe.

8Itoftensnows(in)winter.

9Lotsofrockbandswereformed(in)the1970s.

10Doyouwanttolive(in)the19thcentury?

EnglishGrammar

英语语法

主讲者：XXX

重点掌握in,since,for,by的用法

熟记ATestDay图表，正确运用图中的时间介词

，八4，“，，L〃广”“广，

Beforethetest-io：boInthemiddleof7duringthetest12:00Afterthetest

At10:00Thetestbeginsat10:00.

f

A1D:00

From10:00to12:00Thetestlastsfrom10:00to12:00.

上

10:0012:00

Nooneisallowedtoentertheclassroombefore9:50.

Before

千V

Youarenotallowedtoenter9:50.

Until9:50Ifyouaniveearlier,youneedtowaituntil9:50.

1AfterNooneisallowedtoentertheclassroomafter10:30

i一----------------------------------1-

§10:30

Youareallowedtoentertheclassroombetween9:50and10:30

Between9:50and10:30

___1____—

T-----------------------------------------------

-9:5010:30Nooneisallowedtoleavetheclassroomduringthetest.

Inthemiddleof/DuringMFNooneisallowedtoleavetheclassroominthemiddleofthetest.

D10X)012:00

For1hourIt's11:00now.Thetesthasbeengoingonforonehour.

A

10:0011:00By=Nolaterthan

Y=At+BeforeYourtestpapersneedtobesubmittedby12:00.

-

12:00

ByFm田老师SinceIfs11:50now.

Twentytestpapershavebeensubmittedsince11:30.

Mr

11:3011:50

20minutesagoThefirstonewassubmitted20minutesago.

Y

113011:S0

,10minutes丫智状;若需需黑公⑶e

Choosetherightanswer.根据ATestDay图表选择正确答案。

1Youarenotallowedtoentertheclassroomuntil9:50.(

AYoucanentertheclassroomat9:50.

BYoucanentertheclassroomat9:45.

2Ifyouarriveearlier,youneedtowaituntil9:50.()

AIfyouarriveat9:43,youdon,thavetowait.

BIfyouarriveat9:40,youhavetowait.

3Ifs10:00now.Thetesthasbeengoingonfor2hours.()

AThetestendedat12:00.

BTheteststartedat8:00.

4Yourtestpapersneedtobesubmittedby11:00.()

AYoucansubmityourtestpaperat11:10.

BYoucansubmityourtestpaperat11:00.

5It's10:00now.Youcangohomein15minutes.()

AYoucangohomeat10:10.

BYoucangohomeat10:18.

Exercise2

FillintheblankswithprepositionsofXXXeaccordingtoATestDay.

根据ATestDay图表用相关介词填空。

1表示"直到……为止"用介词（）。

2表示"在……期间"用介词（）。

3表示"持续了……（一段时间）”用介词（）。

4表示"不晚于……"用介词（）。

5表示"（以现在为起点的一段时间）之后"用介词（）。

AnswerKeytoExercise1

Choosetherightanswer,根据ATestDay图表选择正确答案。

1Youarenotallowedtoentertheclassroomuntil9:50.(A)

AYoucanentertheclassroomat9:50.

BYoucanentertheclassroomat9:45.

2Ifyouarriveearlier;youneedtowaituntil9:50.(B)

AIfyouarriveat9:43,youdon'thavetowait.

BIfyouarriveat9:40,youhavetowait.

3It's10:00now.Thetesthasbeengoingonfor2hours.(B)

AThetestendedat12:00.

BTheteststartedat8:00.

4Yourtestpapersneedtobesubmittedby11:00.(B)

AYoucansubmityourtestpaperat11:10.

BYoucansubmityourtestpaperat11:00.

5It's10:00now.Youcangohomein15minutes.(B)

AYoucangohomeat10:10.

BYoucangohomeat10:18.

Answer

FillintheblankswithprepositionsofXXXeaccordingtoATestDay.

根据ATestDay图表用相关介词填空。

1表示"直到……为止”用介词（until）。

2表示"在......期间"用介词（during/inthemiddleof）。

3表示"持续了……（一段时间）"用介词（for）。

4表示"不晚于……"用介词（by）。

5表示"（以现在为起点的一段时间）之后"用介词（in）0

EnglishGrammar

英语语法

主讲者：XXX

学习目标

outsideinT0

Theballisoutsidethebox.（静）Theballgetsintothebox.（动）

Theballisoutsidethebox.（静）Theballgetsontothebox.（Sb）

outsideonto

Theballgetsoffthebox.（动）Theballisonthebox.（静）

Exercise1

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根据图示用正

确的空间介词填空。

(1)Theballis_thebox.

(2)Theballgets_thebox.

(3)Theballgets_thebox.

(4)Theballisthebox.

Exercise2

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根据图示用正确的空间

介词填空。

(1)Theballis________thebox.

(2)Theballgets__________thebox.

(3)Theballgets___________thebox.

(4)Theballis___________thebox.

AnswerKeytoExercise1

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根据图示用正

确的空间介词填空。

(1)Theballisoutsidethebox.

(2)Theballgetsintothebox.

(3)Theballgetsoutofthebox.

(4)Theballisin/insidethebox.

Answer

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根据图示用正确的空间

介词填空。

(1)Theballisoutsidethebox.

(2)Theballgetsontothebox.

(3)Theballgetsoffthebox.

(4)Theballisonthebox.

EnglishGrammar

英语语法

主讲者：XXX

体会空间介词的静态和动态属性

正确运用空间介词

Theballgoesupthepyramid.（动）Theballgoesdownthepyramid.（动）

up/!\down

ontopof

Theballisatthefootofthepyramid.（静）

atthefootofTheballisontopofthepyramid

Prepositionc

BallAisabovethebox.

BallBisoverthebox.

BallCisabovethebox.

BallDisbesidethebox.

BallEisbesidethebox.

BallFisunderthebox.

BallHisbelowthebox.

BallKisbelowthebox.

,；(J.1

nu

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根据图示用正

确的空间介词填空。

(1)Theballgoes__________thepyramid

(2)Theballgoes_________thepyramid.

(3)Theballis_________thepyramid.

(4)Theballis__________thepyramid.

Exercise2

।4•一即^»>1

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根据图示用正

确的空间介词填空。

/1\^A

(\JCs

\7BBathebox.

(z2)\aBn•s

\/B_thebox.

a・

(/3)XCn•

\/B_thebox.

4aDl・s

(z)\

xzBals_thebox.

/5\EI•s

\(/)B_thebox.

/6\sF•s

\(7B■1

7\aH_thebox.

7Bis

z8\aK•_thebox.

\(/)thebox.

□a

.一■■---

AnswerKeytoExercise1

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根据图示用正

确的空间介词填空。

(1)Theballgoesupthepyramid.

(2)Theballgoesdownthepyramid.

(3)Theballisatthefootofthepyramid.

(4)Theballisontopofthepyramid.

rt

AnswerKeytoExercise2

Fillintheblankswiththecorrectprepositionsofspace.根据图示用正

确的空间介词填空。

(1)BallAisabovethebox.

(2)Ball