新教材高中英语Unit5FirstAidPeriod4课时素养检测（含解析）新人教版选择性

Unit5FirstAid课时素养检测二十Unit5Period4Ⅰ.阅读理解Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2,000homeshavebeendestroyed.AccordingtotheBBC,thisisthemostcasualties(伤亡)fromwildfiresinthecountrysince2009.TheUniversityofSydneyestimatesthat480millionanimalshavediedinSouthWalesalone.ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason.“Thedrierconditionscombinedwithrecordhightemperaturesin2019createdmainconditionsforthedisastrousfires.Australia’sfireswereworsenedbythecombinationofthosetwo.2019wastheperfectstormforbeingthewarmestyearonrecordforAustraliaandthedriestyearonrecordforAustralia,”HausfatheraddedonFriday.

KevinTrenberth,aseniorscientistattheUSNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,saidwarmeroceantemperaturesarealsocontributedtomorevariableweatheraroundtheworld.Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospherethatlocksweatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinIndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia.Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger.Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverityofwildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.Practiceslikecontrolledburnsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.Changingthosepolicieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresourcesaredispatched(派遣).【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了澳大利亚森林大火产生的条件和蔓延的原因。1.WhatdothenumbersinParagraph1show?A.ThecausesofAustralianfires.B.TheresultsofAustralianfires.C.ThedamagedareasofAustralianfires.D.ThepropertydestructionofAustralianfires.【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第一段中Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2,000homeshavebeendestroyed.这个季节,澳大利亚的丛林大火已经烧毁了超过1235万英亩的土地。至少25人死亡,2000所房屋被毁。可知,本段的数字表明森林大火产生的严重后果。2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“moresusceptibleto”underlinedinthesecondparagraph?A.Quicktoadaptto. B.Suretocause.C.Sensitiveto. D.Easytobeprotectedfrom.【解析】选C。短语猜测题。由第二段中ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason.(能源系统分析师和气候研究员ZekeHausfather说,气温升高和极端天气使澳大利亚更容易发生火灾,并延长了火灾季节的长度。)可推测气温升高和极端天气使澳大利亚更容易发生火灾,moresusceptibleto意为“更容易受到”,与C项Sensitiveto“对……敏感”意思相近。3.WhatcanweinferfromTrenberth’sresearch?A.Globalwarmingistherootcauseofthebushfires.B.Longerdryweathercontributestoglobalwarming.C.Warmeroceantemperaturespromotefiresspreading.D.Theimbalancedenergyleadstothetemperaturerising.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第三段的Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger.(他说,一旦一个地区经历了两个月或更长时间的干旱,它就会增加火灾及火灾蔓延的风险。那些由于全球变暖而改变的天气使得干旱持续的时间更长。)可推断,全球气候变暖是森林火灾的根本原因。4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.TostresstheeffectsofAustralianfires.B.Toshowthemethodsforcontrollingburns.C.TopredicttheseriousnessofAustralianfires.D.Toprovidesomeadviceaboutreducingdamage.【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第四段中Practiceslikecontrolledburnsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.(控制性烧林等做法和其他因素可影响对人员和财产的风险,如预警系统和特定地区的开发类型。)可知,作者在最后一段介绍控制火灾造成的伤害的方法。Ⅱ.阅读填句Oneofmyearliestmemorieswaswatchingmymomtalkingonouroldphone.Iwasfascinatedthatshecouldtalktosomeonewhowasn’tactuallyintheroomwithher.1Iwaswonderinghowshemanagedtotalkwithsomeoneshecouldn’tsee.

2Later,wehadmobilephonesthatcouldbecarriedaroundtheroom.Thencamecomputersandsmartphones.ThesedaysIcansendane-mailaroundtheworldinasecond.Mydaughter’ssmartphonehasahundredappsandadozensocialmediaaccounts.Shestoresallofherinformationinamysteriousplaceknownas“thecloud”,whereshecantakeitoutatanytime.Itseemsthatwearemoreconnectedinthisworldthaneverbefore.

3Fewtaketimetotalkfacetoface.Insteadoflookingintoeyesofourbelovedones,westareatourscreens.Itseemsasifthemostconnectedgenerationisalsotheloneliest.

Don’tlettechnologytakeourtimeandruinourlife.Makethetimetomeetandtocommunicatewitheachother.Takeawalkonthebeachwithafriend.Havealongconversationwiththephonesoffandtheheartson.4

Rememberthatweareheretoloveeachother,helpeachotherandmakethisworldabetterplace.5Butwhenitcan’t,turnitoff.

A.Thatwasalongtimeago.B.Connectofflineaswellasonline.C.Weshouldcommunicatewitheachotherwithphonesoff.D.Smartphoneshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.E.Whenyourtechnologycanhelptodothesethings,thenuseit.F.However,whatbothersmeisthatwerarelyassociatewitheachothernowadays.G.Whenshelefttheroom,Islowlywalkedovertothephoneandstaredatitforawhile.【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。在这篇文章中作者描述了通信工具的变化,指出人们现在很少见面交流,并建议人们合理利用科技,创造更美好的生活。1.【解析】选G。根据上文中的“Iwasfascinatedthatshecouldtalktosomeonewhowasn’tactuallyintheroomwithher”可知,“我”对于她能和一个不在房间里的人聊天这件事很着迷。G项“当她离开房间的时候,我慢慢地走到电话边盯着电话看了一会儿”承接上文,引出下文。2.【解析】选A。根据下文中的“Later,wehadmobilephonesthatcouldbecarriedaroundtheroom.Thencamecomputersandsmartphones”可知,后来,我们有了移动手机,然后电脑和智能电话出现了,因此推断老式电话的使用已经是很久以前的事情了。3.【解析】选F。根据下文中的“Fewtaketimetotalkfacetoface.Insteadoflookingintoeyesofourbelovedones,westareatourscreens.Itseemsasifthemostconnectedgenerationisalsotheloneliest’’可知,很少有人面对面交谈,我们只是盯着屏幕,似乎联系最多的一代也是最孤独的一代,因此F项“然而,让我烦恼的是,如今我们很少彼此联系”引出下文,符合语境。4.【解析】选B。根据上文Havealongconversationwiththephonesoffandtheheartson.可知,要放下手机与朋友交流,也就是说要经常面对面地交流,就像在线交流一样。5.【解析】选E。根据上文中的“Rememberthatweareheretoloveeachother,helpeachotherandmakethisworldabetterplace”和下文“Butwhenitcan’t,turnitoff”可知,记住我们要彼此相爱,相互帮助,让世界成为更美好的地方。当科技可以帮助做这些事情的时候,就使用它,当它不能的时候,就不用它。E项与下文在结构和意义上相对应。【点睛】阅读填句解题方法

一、总体方法

先确定出题的位置;读题干,再读需要填入句子的上下句,画出关键词;读文章各段落,确定段落中心句和文章主题句;通读文章确定上下句和选项之间的逻辑关系。

二、根据出题位置的不同,说说各自不同的解题方法。

1、出题位置设在段首

(1)查找同义词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句。

(2)锁定关键词,然后在并列、转折、因果等选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。

2、出题位置在段落中

比较上下文的关键词来锁定答案

阅读各个空的前后句,标记关键词,阅读五个空白的前后句,并将前后句中的解题线索,即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组(如带有形容词的名词词组)、专有名词、时间、数字、代词、连词等;阅读各个选项,尤其是选项的首句,标记关键词;比较并匹配上述几类关键词,确定答案;将确定的答案代入原文,看读起来是否通顺。

3、出题位置在段尾

这个时候,空白前的一句或两句是重点语句,大家要重点阅读以锁定关键词。

(1)要注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的关键词,如:therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,inaword等,另外大家也要知道,选项中也可以发现前文的同义词语。

(2)如果与前文是转折或对比关系。大家就要注意在选项中寻找表示转折对比的关联词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立对比关系。

(3)如果所选答案是引出下一段的内容,在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句,看看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。

如小题4,可根据上文Havealongconversationwiththephonesoffandtheheartson.可知,要放下手机与朋友交流,也就是说要经常面对面地交流,就像在线交流一样。故选B。Ⅲ.完形填空OnSaturday,JulietandDarcy,17-year-oldfriends,wereenjoyingsunshineatFurnessParkwhentheynoticedamanfalldownonthesidewalk.Theyhurriedto1theman.

Darcyfelt2hewasgoingtodieinfrontofthem.Shetookacloserlook.Thensheobservedhischestnotgoingupanddown,whichmeanthewasn’t3.

Thegirlsknewtheyneededto4help.WhileDarcystayedwiththe5man,Julietrantonearbyhomesandbeganringingdoorbells,butnoone6.“Iamreallyafraidheisgoingtodiewithouthelp,”Darcysaid7.

Julietcontinuedtorunforhelp.Shefinallyfoundsomemenfixingacarandtoldthemthe8.Buttheydidn’tbelievewhatthegirlsaidatfirst.Theyasked,“Iswhatyousaidajoke?”Andsheanswered,“No,call911rightnow.”

Therepairmengotitandthen9CPR(心肺复苏术)ontheunconsciousmanuntildoctorsarrivedandusedadefibrillator(电击器)torestarthis10.Doctorssaidthemanwasincriticalconditionandshouldbe11tohospital.

Adoctorsaid,“Totheir12,thetwogirlstakefastactionwhichiscalled’achainofsurvival’whichcansavethe13ofapatientinadangeroussituation.”Butdoctorsdidn’tgetthegirls’namesatthattime,sotheylauncheda(n)14tothepublictofindthem.

Finally,thetwogirlswerefoundandpraisedforhelpingsaveaman’slifeontheweekend.“Wewerebrave,”Darcysaid.“Wegotabitscaredinthebeginning,butlaterwerealized15won’thelptheman.”

【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了两个女孩朱丽叶和达茜在公园散步时看到一位男士突然摔倒在人行道上不省人事,她俩一个守着病人,一个四处找人帮忙,最后这个男士及时得救,医生说她俩的快速行动在救人方面起到了关键作用。1.A.recognizeB.applaudC.aidD.seize【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。recognize认出;applaud称赞;aid援助、帮助;seize抓住。空前一句说朱丽叶和达茜注意到一个男士摔倒在公园的人行道上,看到这一幕后,她们急忙跑过去帮助他。2.A.confused B.terrifiedC.pleased D.curious【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。confused困惑的;terrified害怕的;pleased高兴的;curious好奇的。根据下文中的“Iamreallyafraidheisgoingtodiewithouthelp,”Darcysaid可知,达茜害怕这个男士会死在她们面前。3.A.bleeding B.breathingC.starving D.choking【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。bleeding流血;breathing呼吸;starving挨饿;choking窒息。根据空前的“hischestnotgoingupanddown”可知,“胸部没有上下起伏”是“没有呼吸”的表现。4.A.forbid B.appreciateC.quit D.seek【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。forbid禁止;appreciate感激;quit放弃;seek寻求。根据下文“Julietrantonearbyhomesandbeganringingdoorbells”可知,朱丽叶跑去找人了,这说明这两个女孩知道她们需要寻求帮助。5.A.unconscious B.familiarC.absent-minded D.ragged【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。unconscious无意识的;familiar熟悉的;absent-minded心不在焉的;ragged衣衫褴褛的。根据上文中的“Thensheobservedhischestnotgoingupanddown,whichmeanthewasn’t________.”可知这个男士没有了呼吸,当时应该是处于无意识的状态。

6.A.enquired B.rememberedC.answered D.succeeded【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。enquired询问;remembered记得;answered回答;succeeded成功。空上文说朱丽叶跑到附近人家按门铃,转折连词but表明没有人开门(应答)。7.A.anxiously B.occasionallyC.eagerly D.merrily【解析】选A。考查副词词义辨析。anxiously焦急地;occasionally偶尔;eagerly渴望地;merrily高兴地。根据空前的“Iamreallyafraidheisgoingtodiewithouthelp,”可知,达茜担心这个男士的安危,因此她说这句话的时候应该是十分焦急的。8.A.consequence B.emergencyC.concept D.mystery【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。consequence后果;emergency紧急情况;concept观念;mystery谜。根据上文的讲述可知朱丽叶是去找人救那个摔倒的男士,因此找到人后她把当时的紧急情况(那个人摔倒了,不省人事)告诉了他们。9.A.searchedfor B.putoffC.carriedout D.brokedown【解析】选C。考查动词短语辨析。searchedfor寻找;putoff推迟;carriedout执行、实施;brokedown分解。根据空后的“CPRontheunconsciousman”可知,修车工对这个不省人事的男士进行了心肺复苏。10.A.hands B.stomach C.feet D.heart【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。hands手;stomach胃;feet脚;heart心脏。上文说修车工对这个不省人事的男士进行了心肺复苏,由此可知这个男士心脏出了问题,因此医生赶到后用电击器重新复苏他的心脏。11.A.rushed B.admittedC.persuaded D.guided【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。rushed紧急前往/送往;admitted承认;persuaded说服;guided引导。根据空前的“themanwasincriticalcondition”可知,这个男士情况危急,应该立即被送往医院。12.A.disappointment B.creditC.annoyance D.horror【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。disappointment失望;credit声望、赞颂;annoyance烦恼;horror惊骇。根据上文的讲述可知,朱丽叶和达茜发现那个人摔倒后立即找人帮忙,她们的快速行动在救人方面起到了关键作用,得到了医生的肯定,“toone’scredit”表示“值得赞扬”。13.A.reputation B.prospectC.life D.honor【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。reputation名声;prospect预期;life性命;honor荣誉。根据空后的“ofapatientinadangeroussituation”可知,这种被称为“生存链”的快速行动在危急情况下可以挽救病人的生命。14.A.appeal B.commentC.attempt D.apology【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。appeal呼吁;comment评论;attempt企图;apology道歉。根据空后的“tothepublictofindthem”可知,医生呼吁公众寻找那两个女孩。15.A.prejudice B.regretC.offence D.panic【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。prejudice偏见;regret后悔;offence犯罪;panic惊慌。根据空前的“abitscared”可知,达茜说一开始她们有点儿害怕,但后来她们意识到恐慌帮不了那位男士。【点睛】本篇第12空难度较大,抓住上文讲述的两个女孩发现那不省人事的男士后所采取的行动是关键,根据上文中的“WhileDarcystayedwiththe________man,Julietrantonearbyhomesandbeganringingdoorbells”可知,发现那个人摔得不省人事后,达茜和朱丽叶一个守着病人,一个四处找人帮忙,她俩的快速行动在救人方面起到了关键作用,因此医生充分肯定了她俩的做法,“toone’scredit”表示“值得赞扬”,即:医生说:“值得称赞的是,这两个女孩采取了被称为’生存链’的快速行动,在危急情况下这种快速行动可以挽救病人的生命”,故B项(credit)正确。

Ⅳ.语法填空Despitethesuddenjumpinimportedinfectionsinthepastfewdays,thenumberofinboundtrips1._____________(be)120,000onaverageadaysincetheWHOdeclaredtheCOVID-19outbrokeapandemic(流行病)onMarch11,2._____________isan80percentdropyear-on-year,accordingtotheNationalImmigrationAdministration.

AnumberofChinese3._____________(live)abroadarereturningtoChinaregardlessofthehugeeconomiccostanddifficultiesinvolved.Thefact4._____________(reflect)theeffectivenessofthepreventionandcontrolmeasures.5._____________(compare)withforeigncountries,theChinesegovernment’sresoluteandcomprehensiveresponseshavemetthe6._____________(expect)oftheChinesepeople.

Therefore,thereturnees’(海归的)choiceshouldberespectediftheyfulfillthepreventionandcontrolrequirementsofbothChinaandtheirhostcountry.Thewrongdoingsofafewreturneeswhohidtheirsymptomsatairports7._____________thusforcedtheirclosecontactsintoquarantine(隔离期),too,shouldnotremindthegovernment8._____________(close)thedoortoitsownpeople.

Butsuchissuescanberesolvedbysystemicreform,effectivedistributionoflaborandintroductionofadvancedtechnology.Also,thefactthatChina’sapproach,whichhasalwaysbeenaimedatcorporateand9._____________(peace)developmentandthecommongood,andhasprovedeffectiveinthefight10._____________thepandemicshowsitcanbeusedasreferencebyothercountries.

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了国外新型冠状病毒疫情肆虐,许多生活在国外的中国人不顾巨大的经济成本和困难返回中国。这一事实反映了中国预防和控制措施的有效性。中国抗疫的经验值得其他国家借鉴。1.【解析】hasbeen。考查动词时态。根据后文sincetheWHOdeclaredtheCOVID-19outbrokeapandemiconMarch11可知应用现在完成时,主语为thenumberofinboundtrips,助动词应用has。故填hasbeen。2.【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词120,000onaverageaday,且从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词which。3.【解析】living。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知live在句中作非谓语动词,与逻辑主语Chinese构成主动关系,故用现在分词。4.【解析】reflects。考查动词时态。本句陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,且主语为fact,谓语动词应用第三人称单数。5.【解析】Compared。考查非谓语动词。根据短语becomparedwith表示“与……相比较”,分析句子结构可知compare在句中作非谓语动词,故省略be动词填compared。句首字母要大写。故填Compared。6.【解析】expectations。考查名词。根据上文the可知应填名词expectation,且expectation作“希望、期望”讲时一般用复数形式。7.【解析】and。考查连词。句意:一些回国人员在机场隐藏了自己的症状,因此他们的亲密接触者也被隔离。他们的错误行为不应该提醒政府关闭对本国人民的大门。结合上下文语境可知为承接关系,故用连词and。8.【解析】toclose。考查非谓语动词。短语remindsb.todosth.表示“提醒某人做某事”。9.【解析】peaceful。考查形容词。修饰名词development应用形容词peaceful。10.【解析】against。考查介词。短语fightagainst表示“对抗,反对”符合句意。【点睛】当分词作状语的时候,如果构成分词的动词与句子的主语构成主动关系,就使用现在分词作状语;当二者构成被动关系,使用过去分词作状语。如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前,就使用分词的完成式。如果分词与句子的主语没有关系,可以使用状语从句或者独立主格结构。

如第3小题,分析句子结构可知live在句中作非谓语动词,与逻辑主语Chinese构成主动关系,故用现在分词。故填living。阅读理解Peopleknowthedangersoffires.It’sgoodforafamilytoknowsomeknowledgeaboutfireprevention.Herearesomesuggestions:Putasmokealarminthehouse.Smokefromafirecausesthealarmtogooff.Thealarmmakesaloudsound.Thesoundtellseveryonetoleavethehouseatonce.Makeescapeplans.Theyshouldknowallthewaysoutofthehouse.Ifthereisafire,everyonefollowstheplantogetout.Partoftheplanistocheckallthewindowstomakesuretheycanbeopenedeasily.Buyfireextinguishersandputtheminthehouse.Everyoneinthefamilyshouldknowhowtousethem.Practiceforafire.Theydofirepracticebecausetheyteachchildrenaboutfiresafety.Everyoneinthefamilyshouldknowthefollowingfirerules:*Don’topenahotdoor!Thefirecangetbiggerifyouopenthedoor.*Stayclosetothefloor!Smokecanbemoredangerousthanthefire.Thebestairisnearthefloorbecausesmokerises.*Whatwillyoudoifyourhairorclothesstarttoburn?First,stop!Don’trun!Thefireburnsfasterbecauseofmoreair.Drop!Falltothefloor.Thenroll!Turningoverandoverwillmakethefiregoout.Putablanketarou