罗经国版《新编英国文学简史(上)》第三章课件

I.Historicalbackground1.TheHundredYears’WarbetweenEnglandandFrance(1337---1453)cause:fortheFrenchthroneresult:awakeningofnationalconsciousnessinEnglandFrenchlanguagegraduallyreplacedbythenativetongue2.thepeasantuprisingof1381cause:theexploitationandoppressionofthepeasantsbythefeudallordsleader:spiritualleader:JohnBall8/8/20231Chaucer/rhythm&meterI.Historicalbackground1.TheLiteraryworks

JohnWycliff(1324?–1384):fatherofEnglishproseFirstfiguretodemandedtoreformthechurchtodoawaywiththecorruptionandrottennessTranslatedtheBibleintostandardEnglishAgreatcontributiontoEnglishliteratureandEnglishlanguageFixanationalstandardforEnglishinsteadofdialects

WilliamLangland(1330?–1400)Works:TheVisionofPiersPlowman

Form:allegory--isastoryordescriptioninwhichthecharactersandeventssymbolizesomedeeperunderlyingmeaning,andservetospreadmoralteaching.Doublemeaning:Abstractqualitiesorideasarepersonifiedascharactersinthestory8/8/20232Chaucer/rhythm&meterLiteraryworks

JohnWycliff(1MedievalLiterature(continued)—Chaucer

(1340?—1400)Chaucer:somebasicfactsChaucer’smasterpiece:TheCanterburyTalesOverview;Structure;Textualstudy:theopeninglinesoftheGeneralProloguetheimageoftheNunScansion韵律分析8/8/20233Chaucer/rhythm&meterMedievalLiterature(continuedChaucer:somebasicfactsFullname:GeoffreyChaucerBirth&death:1340?—1400Career:Awiderangeofcareerascourtier,soldier,diplomat,andcivilservantPlaceinBritishliterature:“fatherofEnglishpoetry”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEnglandForerunnerofhumanismThefirstrealisticwriterMasteroftheEnglishlanguageThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbey8/8/20234Chaucer/rhythm&meterChaucer:somebasicfactsFullLiteraryCareer1.Thefirstperiod(the1360s-about1372)HewasinfluencedbytheFrenchpoetryoftheMiddleAgesandhetranslatedworksfromFrench.

RomanceoftheRose/TheBookoftheDuchess2.Thesecondperiod(1372-1386)HewasinfluencedbythegreatliteraryfiguresofearlyRenaissanceinItaly,suchasDante.TroilusandCryseydethelongestcoupletpoemTheParliamentofFowlsTheHouseofFame3.Thethirdperiod(1386-1400)HeproducedhisworkfullmaturityfreefromanydominantforeigninfluenceTheCanterburyTales8/8/20235Chaucer/rhythm&meterLiteraryCareer1.ThefirstpeTheCanterburyTales:anoverviewTheCanterburyTalesisacollectionofstorieswrittenbyGeoffreyChaucerinthe14thcentury(twooftheminprose,therestinverse).ThetalesaretoldbyagroupofpilgrimsontheirwayfromTabardInninSouthwarktoCanterburytovisittheshrineofSaintThomasBecketatCanterburyCathedral.TheCanterburyTalesarewritteninMedievalEnglish.8/8/20236Chaucer/rhythm&meterTheCanterburyTales:anovervCanterburyTales:anoverviewOnedayinApril,thepoetcomestotheTabardInninthesouthernsuburbofLondon.Bynightfall,29pilgrimsarriveattheinnandtheygetreadytogotoCanterbury.HarryBailey,thehostoftheTabardInn,proposesthateachpilgrimshouldtelltwostoriesonthewaytoCanterburyandtwomoreonthewayback.Thebeststory-telleristobegivenafreesupper,atthecostofalltherest.Thehostofferstogowiththemastheirjudgeandguide.Accordingtotheplan,thereshouldbe120stories,butactually24talesarefinished.8/8/20237Chaucer/rhythm&meterCanterburyTales:anoverviewOPortraitofChaucerasapilgrim8/8/20238Chaucer/rhythm&meterPortraitofChaucerasapilgrTheCanterburyTales:itsstructureTheCanterburyTalesismadeupofthreeparts:

TheGeneralPrologue;24tales,twoofwhichleftunfinished;separateprologuestoeachtalewithlinks,comments,quarrels,etc.inbetween.8/8/20239Chaucer/rhythm&meterTheCanterburyTales:itsstruProloguePrologueprovidesaframeworkforthetales.Itcreatesagalleyofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife,exceptthehighest(thekingandthetopnobility)andthelowest(theverypoorlabouringfolk),thenassignstoeachofthemappropriatetalesthatshedlightontherespectivenarrator’sdistinctivepersonality.8/8/202310Chaucer/rhythm&meterProloguePrologueprovidesafTextualstudy:GeneralPrologueThestructureofthegeneralprologue:Lines1-34:anelaborateintroductionLines35-719:portraitsofpilgrimsLines720-821:thehost’ssuggestionofatale-tellingcontestanditsacceptanceLines822-858:thedecisionthattheknighttellthefirsttale8/8/202311Chaucer/rhythm&meterTextualstudy:GeneralProloguTextualstudy:GeneralPrologue1.Whatisthestructureoftheopening18lines? Theopening18linesmakeup1sentenceintheoriginal.2.Whatistheimageryexpressedintheselines? spring’srenewalandrebirth3.Whichverbsdescribetheactionofnature? piercing(2),engendering(4),inspiring(5),pricking(11)4.Whatisthemainideaexpressedintheselines? amicrocosmof14th-centuryEnglishsociety;5.Howdoyouappreciatetheselines?8/8/202312Chaucer/rhythm&meterTextualstudy:GeneralProloguTheliteraryformsoftalesThesetalescoverallthemajortypesofmedievalliteratureromance:folktale,beastfable,storyofadventure,allegoricaltale,Saint’slife,sermonandalchemicalaccountThewifeofBathlight-hearted,merry,vulgar,talkative8/8/202313Chaucer/rhythm&meterTheliteraryformsoftales8/1SocialsignificanceChaucertakesthestandoftherisingbourgeoisie,becauseheaffirmsmenandwomen’srighttopursuetheirhappinessandopposesthedogmaofasceticism.AsaforerunnerofHumanism,hepraisesman’senergy,quickwitandloveoflife.Atthesametime,histalesexposeandsatirethesocialevilsathistime.WeaknessLivinginatransitionalperiod,Chaucerisnotentirelydevoidofmedievalprejudices.Thereisnothingrevolutionaryinhiswriting,thoughhelivedinaperiodofpeasantuprising,sosometimes,hecracksaroughjoke.8/8/202314Chaucer/rhythm&meterSocialsignificance8/1/202314CThesignificanceofTheCanterburyTalesItgivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stimethedramaticstructureofthepoemhasbeenhighlycommendedbycriticsstoriesarecleverlywoventogetherbylinksbetweenthestoriesstoriesarerelatedtothepersonalitiesofthetellersChaucer’shumourChaucer“thesmylerwiththeknyfunderthecloke”Chaucer’scontributiontotheEnglishlanguageHewroteintheLondondialecttoprovethatEnglishlanguageisabeautifullanguageandcanbehandledtoexpressdifferentmoodsThusincreasedtheprestigeofehEnglishlanguage.8/8/202315Chaucer/rhythm&meterThesignificanceofTheCanteContributionChaucergreatlycontributestothefoundingoftheEnglishliterarylanguage.HislanguagenowiscalledMiddleEnglish.HeisthefirstgreatpoetwhowroteintheEnglishlanguage.HedidmuchinmakingthedialectofLondonthestandardforthemodernEnglishspeech.ChaucerintroducedheroiccoupletfromFrancetoEnglishpoetry,insteadofalliterativeverse.InTheLegendofGoodWomen,heusedforthefirsttimeinEnglishheroiccouplet.InTheRomanceoftheRose,hefirstintroducedtotheEnglishtheoctosyllabiccouplet.8/8/202316Chaucer/rhythm&meterContributionChaucergreatlycCouplets:coupletsaretwolinesofverse,usuallyconnectedbyarhyme.Poetsinthe18thC,inparticularusedcoupletsfrequently.Heroiccouplet:coupletsiniambicpentametere.g.Hereyesarewild,herheadisbore,Thesunhasburnthercoal-blackhair.Hereye-browhavearustystain,Andshecamefromfaroverthemain.---Wordsworth:TheMadMother8/8/202317Chaucer/rhythm&meterCouplets:coupletsaretwolinHomework1.WhataretheartisticfeaturesandsignificancesofTheCanterburyTales?8/8/202318Chaucer/rhythm&meterHomework1.WhataretheartisScansion韵律分析Scansionistheprocessofmeasuring斟酌verse,identifyingitsprevailingmeter韵律、格律andrhythm节奏,andaccountingfordeviationsfromthemetricalpattern.Inscanningapoem,wetrytodetermineitsdominantrhythmandmeter,andtoaccountforvariationsfromthenorm.8/8/202319Chaucer/rhythm&meterScansion韵律分析ScansionisthepTheformofapoemNumberoflines2.Afewverseforms8/8/202320Chaucer/rhythm&meterTheformofapoemNumberofliTheformofapoemNumberoflines Astanzaorpoemwith 1line:monostich2lines:couplet 3lines:tercet/triplet 4lines:quatrain 5lines:limerick6lines:hexastich 7lines:heptastich 8lines:octave

8/8/202321Chaucer/rhythm&meterTheformofapoemNumberofliTheformofapoem2.Afewverseforms: sonnet 十四行诗 blankverse无韵诗/素体诗 freeverse自由体诗 heroiccouplet英雄偶句体诗 doggerel打油诗 Triolet八行两韵诗8/8/202322Chaucer/rhythm&meterTheformofapoem2.AfewverRhythm1.Definition:theregularrecurrenceoftheaccentorstressinapoem2.Howdowemarktherhythmofapoem?Weuse’forastressedsyllableand﹀anunstressedsyllable.Forexample:﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?8/8/202323Chaucer/rhythm&meterRhythm1.Definition:8/1/2023MeterDefinition:thenumberoffootinapoeticlineTypesofmeter: 1)iambic抑扬格的：anunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable; forexample:﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’

AssoonasAprilpiercestotheroot﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’ThedroughtofMarch,andbatheseachbudandshoot

8/8/202324Chaucer/rhythm&meterMeterDefinition:thenumberoTypesofmeterIamb 抑扬格Trochee 扬抑格Anapest 抑抑扬格Dactyl 扬扬抑格…8/8/202325Chaucer/rhythm&meterTypesofmeterIamb 抑扬格8/1/202TypesofmeterIamb抑扬格：anunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable; iambic抑扬格的 forexample:

﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’

AssoonasAprilpiercestotheroot

﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀’ThedroughtofMarch,andbatheseachbudandshoot8/8/202326Chaucer/rhythm&meterTypesofmeterIamb抑扬格：anunstTypesofmeter2.Trochee扬抑格：astressedsyllablefollowedbyanunstressedsyllable; trochaic扬抑格的 forexample:’﹀’﹀’﹀’﹀WhanthatAprilwithhisshouressoote8/8/202327Chaucer/rhythm&meterTypesofmeter2.Trochee扬抑格：aTypesofmeter3.Anapest抑抑扬格：twounstressedsyllablesfollowedbyastressedsyllableanapestic:抑抑扬格的4.Dactyl扬抑抑格：astressedsyllablefollowedbytwounstressedsyllablesdactylic:扬抑抑格的 8/8/202328Chaucer/rhythm&meterTypesofmeter3.Anapest抑抑扬格：tFoot音步DefinitionThebasicunitofmeasurementinalineofpoetry.Inscansion,afootrepresentsoneinstanceofametricalpatternandisshowneitherbetweenortotherightorleftofverticallines,asinthefollowing:﹀’︱﹀’︱﹀’︱﹀’

whosewoods︱theseare︱Ithink︱Iknow8/8/202329Chaucer/rhythm&meterFoot音步Definition8/1/202329ChFoot2.Belowisalistofclassifications:

monometer:onefoot单音步 dimeter:twofeet两音步trimeter:threefeet三音步tetrameter：fourfeet四音步pentameter：fivefeet五音步

hexameter：sixfeet六音步heptameter：sevenfeet七音步octameter：eightfeet八音步8/8/202330Chaucer/rhythm&meterFo