高中英语新课标人教版必修四第一单元语法课件

UsefulstructuresAgreement所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。UsefulstructuresAgreement1Theboy___diving.They____diving.BothJackandTim___diving.Allofthem____diving.NeitherJacknorTim___walking.isareareisareFinishthefollowingexercises:Theboy___diving.They____d2BobBob_____aworker.isMike

MikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob____workers.areNeitherMikenorBob___ateacher.isBillNeither

ofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.knows/knowAllofthem______workers.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/knowBobBob_____aworker.isMike3主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：Heandshe_____bothstudentsofthisschool.TomandMaryaregoodfriends如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则are主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1.and连接两个或两个以上单4(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。

1.Thewriterandsingerhascometoourschool.

Theknifeandfork____onthetable.Saltandwater盐水needleandthread针线breadandbutter黄油面包表示一种事物is(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指52.如果主语是单个不定式,动词ing形式或从句的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。

Whenheiscomingseemsveryimportant.

Collectingstampsishishobby.

Tolearnenglishwellisveryimportant.

2.如果主语是单个不定式,动词ing形式或从句的时候,谓63.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,ratherthan,like,without,except,but,including谓语动词的数看这些词前的主语例如：

Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.Hisparentsaswellashearegoingtotakeatrip

3.with,alongwith,together74.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。Thosewhoenjoysingingmayjoinus.Tom,whoisyourfriend,shouldhelpyou.

4.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从85.oneof+复数名词十定语从句”之前有theonly，thevery等限定词和修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Tomistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhois

willingtohelptheoldman.

注意：如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。

Tomisoneoftheboyswhoarewillingtohelpothers.5.oneof+复数名词十定语从句”之前有theonl96.each和复合不定代词作主语each和some/any/no//every十body/one/thing构成的复合不定代词anyone、anything、everyone、everything、somebody、something、noone、nobody、nothing、each以及morethanone,manya

作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Nobodyknowstheanswer.Someonewantstoseeyou.

noboyandnogirllikethebook6.each和复合不定代词作主语10either...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候在或therebe句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。二、就近原则NeitheryounorIamwrong.TherearetwochairsandadeskintheroomThereisadeskandtwochairsintheroomeither...or;neither...nor11三、意义一致原则所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。三、意义一致原则所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一121.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。1.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由13Hisfamily____goingout.他们全家要外出。Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is

are

Hisfamily____goingout.142.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.2.某些名词如people,police,cattle153.表示时间重量长度价值等名词的复数做主语，谓语用单数

1.thirtyyearsisnotlonginhistory2.5,000kilometresisalongdistance

3.表示时间重量长度价值等名词的复数做主语，谓语用单数164.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每种方法都好使。Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。4.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语175.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。5.therestof;halfof;part18Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的苹果坏了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.haveisareHalfofthestudents_____fini196.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses，shorts等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被apairof修饰时,谓语动词根据pair来定。如:Thepairofshoesiswornout.这双鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。6.某些名词如clothes,trousers,sho20某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics等，谓语动词应用单数。

Physicsisaveryinterestingsubject.物理是一门很有趣的学科。某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,phys21注意：1.Neither和none，allNoneofthemoneyisspentoneducationNoneofthestoriesis/areinterestingNeitherofthemlikes/likeEnglish注意：1.Neither和none，all222.

以anumberof作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以thenumberof作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Anumberofnewbooksareonthedesk.Thenumberofstudentsinyouclassis50.2.以anumberof作主语时,谓语动词用复数;233.表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用复数形式,但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.3.表示数量的oneandahalf后,名词要用244.agreatdealof,alargeamountof,

aquantityof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;largeamountsof;largequantitiesof修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如:4.agreatdealof,alargeam25Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.Alargeamountof(Agreatdea265.如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,e.g.Theblindstudyinspecialschool.5.如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任27高考链接1.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_____ofdesert_____coveredtheland.(上海2001）A.number;has

B.quantity;hasC.number;have

D.quantity;haveB高考链接1.Asaresultofdestroyi28精析：alargenumberof后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案。因为desert是单数，所以要填has。这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地．”答案B精析：alargenumberof后面要接复数名词，292.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth,is

B.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,is

D.Twofifths,areC2.____ofthelandinthatdi30精析:

分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1,分母序数词后加-s.分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语land是单数,所以谓语动词要用iscovered.答案C.精析:分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1313----Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,____togotouniversity.----SodoI.（全国1998）A.hopesB.hope

C.hopingD.dohopeA3----Eachofthestudents,w32精析：这句话的主语是Eachofthestudents，是单数，所以要hopes选作谓语。现在分词短语workinghardathisorherlessons作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把lessons当成了主语，填写了hope，发生了错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我也是。答案A。精析：这句话的主语是Eachofthestudent334.____peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.（上海2001）A.Severalmillion

B.ManymillionsC.Severalmillions

D.ManymillionA4.____peopleintheworldar34精析:在million前如果有具体的数字或several等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与million等词连用.表示“数百万”，英语为millionsof。这句话的意思是“每天，世界上有几十万人通过e-mail传递信息。”答案A。精析:在million前如果有具体的数字或several355.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET'96)A.were;was

B.was;wasC.was;were

D.were;wereC5.Thenumberofpeopleinvited366.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool_________by5%everyyear.

(MET'92)A.riseB.raiseC.risesD.raises"thenumberof+复数可数名词"作主语，表示"……的数目(数量)"，谓语动词用单数；"anumberof+复数可数名词"作主语，表示"许多……"，谓语动词用复数。C6.Thenumberofstudentsint377.Agooddealofmoney_________spentonbooks.(MET'84)A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeenD7.Agooddealofmoney______389.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_________tothenationasagift.(MET'90)A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveofferedA9.Alibrarywithfivethousan3910.E-mail,aswellastelephone,_________animportantpartindailycommunication.(上海'99)A.isplaying

B.haveplayedC.areplaying

D.playA10.E-mail,aswellastelepho4011.NobodybutJane_________thesecret.(MET'86)A.knowB.knowsC.haveknownD.isknown12.Allbutone_________herejustnow.(MET'87)A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.wereDB11.NobodybutJane_________4113.Eitheryouortheheadmaster_________theprizetothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.(上海'94)A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandoutD13.Eitheryouortheheadmast4214.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_________tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.(MET'87)A.is

B.are

C.am

D.beB14.NotonlyIbutalsoJanea4315.Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho______inthekindergarten.(上海'94)A.iswellpaid

B.arewellpaidC.ispayingwell

D.arepayingwellB15.Sheisoneofthefewgirl4416.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_________awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(上海2002春)A.isB.are

C.havebeenD.hasbeenD16.Heistheonlyoneofthe4517._____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;areC"分数或百分数+of+名词"作主语时,谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。17._____ofthelandinthat4618.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory_________yet.(MET'91)A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecidedA动