高中英语语法-被动语态详解课件

高一语法被动语态PassiveVoice高一语法PassiveVoiceWarmingup《LoveToBeLovedByYou》是一首旋律优美的英文歌曲，演唱者是美国流行歌手马克·特伦茨（MarcTerenzi）。2005年，Marc与德国歌手莎拉·寇娜（SarahConnor）结婚时，将这首歌作为爱的礼物献给妻子。Warmingup《LoveToBeLovedByTask1FilltheblankbythesongBaby,tellmehowcanItellyou

ThatIyoumorethanlife

ShowmehowcanIshowyou

ThatI’mbyyourlight

WhenyoutouchmeIcantouchyou

Tofindoutthedreamistrue

Itobeloved

Ineedtobe

Itobebyyou

loveblindedlovelovedlovelovedTask1Filltheblankbyt

Summary:主动or被动？

主动被动ThatIloveyoumorethanlifeThatI’mblindedbyyourlightIlovetobelovedIneedtobelovedIlovetobelovedbyyou

Summary:主动or被动？主动被动That(一)语态分类(六)总结：被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化(四)常见的八种时态中的被动语态(五)

含有情态动词的被动语态：(二)被动语态的使用(三)主动语态变被动语态的方法(一)语态分类(六)总结：被动语态的时态、人称和数(一)语态分类

英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：

助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来时： 一般过去将来时： 现在进行时： 过去进行时： 现在完成时： 过去完成时： 将来完成时： 过去将来完成时：

［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

am/is/are+donewas/were+done

shall/will+bedone

should/would+bedone

am/is/are+being+done

was/were+being+done

have/has+been+done

had+been+done

shall/will+havebeen+done

should/would+havebeen+done

被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化am/is/are常见的八种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.

Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.

(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.

Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.常见的八种时态中的被动语态❶.Ifhe___enoughtime,hewillcomeupwithanidea.A.givesB.willgiveC.isgivenD.willbegiven❷.Anewfilmisgoingto___thisSunday.A.showB.showingC.beshownD.beshowing❶.Ifhe___enoughtime,hewil❸.Manybridges___overtheriversinceliberation.A.arebuiltB.HavebuiltC.builtD.havebeenbuilt❹.Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto____inourcity.A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.built❸.Manybridges___overthersummary主动语态

S（主语）+v(动词)S(主语)+am/is/are+过去分词(done)一般现在时(simplepresent)：summary主动语态S（主语）+v(动词)一般现在时(sTask3GroupWork1一般过去时：一般将来时:情态动词:?S+was/were+P.P.S+will+be+P.P.S+can/may/must/shoud+be+P.P.Task3GroupWork1一般过去时：?S+waGroupWork2:

cancarrybasket

hetheThebasketcanbe

carriedbyhim.Hecancarrythebasket.GroupWork2:cancarryThebasWeshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.Theclassroomshouldbecleanedbyuseveryday.shouldclassroomWethecleaneverydayWeshouldcleantheclassroom(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态

2.一般过去时：(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.

Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.

Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态

❺.Ishouldverymuchliketohavegonetotheparty,butI______invited.A.amnotB.haven’tbeenC.wasnotD.willnotbe析：should/wouldliketohavedonesth.意“本想做某事”，例如：Ishouldliketohaveseenthefilm,butitwasntpossible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以but后的句子也应该是过去时态与之相配合，故此题答案是C。❺.Ishouldverymuchliketo(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态3.一般将来时：

(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.

Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.

Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态

❻.Ipromisethatthematterwill______.(NMET)A.betadencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof析：takecareof…是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。

❻.Ipromisethatthematter(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态4.过去将来时：(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.

Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.

(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.

Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态5.现在进行时：

(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.

Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.

Theroomsarebeingpainted.(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态❼.—Haveyougottheresultofthelastexamination?

—Notyet.We’vebeentoldthatthepapers________.

A.aremarkedB.arebeingmarked

C.havebeenmarkedD.weremarked此题答案应为B。❼.—Haveyougottheresultof❽.Wecan’tusethebridgenow,becauseit____.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired

❽.Wecan’tusethebridgenow,(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态6.过去进行时：

(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.

Theroadwasbeingmended.

(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.

Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.

(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态7.现在完成时：

(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.

Hisbookhasbeenbrought

here.(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态8.过去完成时：(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.

WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.

(2)Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态❾.—Haveyougottheresultofthelastexamination?

—Notyet.We’vebeentoldthatthepapers________.

A.aremarkedB.arebeingmarked

C.havebeenmarkedD.weremarked此题答案应为B。❾.—Haveyougottheresultof❿.Alotofnewroads___builtinthewestofChina.A.mustB.mustbeC.hasD.have⑪.Hiscar___tomorrow.A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.hasbeenrepaired❿.Alotofnewroads___built(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.

Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.

Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：Askandanswer

watereverydayathomemygrandmaA:When

aretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.A:When

aretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:When

aretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.A:Aretheflowerswateredbymygrandmaathomeeveryday?B:yes,theyare.A:Whoaretheflowerswateredby?B:Theflowersarewateredbymygrandma.A:When

aretheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredeveryday.A:Wherearetheflowerswatered?B:Theflowersarewateredathome.WhenWhereWhoAskandanswerA:WhenarethsweeponweekendsinthekitchenmymotherWhenwherewhodoafterschoolintheclassroomthechildrensweepWhenwhere1.及物动词或词组(二)被动语态的使用1.及物动词或词组(二)被动语态的使用⑫.——Doyoulikethematerial?——Yes,it______verysoft.(NMET)A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt析：观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来…”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。⑫.——Doyoulikethematerial?⑬．Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.(NMET)A.havebeentakenplace…havebeensetupB.havetakenplace…havebeensetupC.havetakenplace…havesetupD.weretakenplace…weresetup析：takeplace（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因setup(建造)是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。⑬．Greatchanges______intheci2.不及物动词或词组2.不及物动词或词组第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.

误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第二，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。

Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第三，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.误：Eachotherisloved.第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplac下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：

第四，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。

(1)—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.

误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第五，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：

Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.误：Herhandwashadburned.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：

被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by

短语。

“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by

短语。

TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by

短语。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.15,000carswillbeproducedeachyearinthenewfactory.被动语态的使用⑭.Thismusic_____theMoonlightSonata.A.islistenedtoB.isheardC.issoundedlikeD.soundslike⑮.Thiscar_____ausedcar.A.doesn’tlooklikeB.isn’tlikedlikeC.doeslookD.looks⑭.Thismusic_____theMoonlig⑯．Thesedaysmanychildrenaremade________whattheyarenot_________.todo;interestedintodo;interesteddo;interesteddo;interestedin

此题答案应为A。⑯．Thesedaysmanychildrenare(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法一变二套三注意I

bought

acomputerlastterm．Acomputer

wasbought(byme)lastterm.宾(受动者)主谓Acomputer

wasbought(byme)lastterm.Task4(五)主动语态变被动语态的方法一变二套三注意I语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)

2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留宾语×语态转换时所注意的问题保留宾语×注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词

to，如：

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell

等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.

2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词

for,如：

build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing

等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.

注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：

不及物动词+介词，如:

agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物动词+副词：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看⑰.Thatkindofshirts__cotton.

A.ismadefromB.aremadefromC.ismadeofD.aremadeof⑱.Mysuitaremade___cottonand___Shanghai.A.from,inB.of,inC.of,byD.from,by⑰.Thatkindofshirts__cotto4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：

(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

→Theclassroom

isalways

kept

clean.(2)Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。

Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把⑲.They___dayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork⑲.They___dayandnight.5.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：

Nobodycananswerthisquestion.

误：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.

正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.

×5.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定6.当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：

Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.误：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.