Unit+1+Discovering+Useful+Structures+课件【知识精讲精研】高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

人教版（2019）必修二Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructuresDescribepeopleorthingsingreaterdetail

LearningobjectivesBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:1.summarizethefunctionsofrelativepronounandadverbs;2.describepeopleorthingsingreaterdetail.Lead-inReviewtheknowledgeaboutrestrictiverelativeclausesyouhavelearnt.restrictiverelativeclausesmodifyanounorpronounprovidespecificinformationcanbeintroducedbyrelativepronounsandadverbsthat,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why...1.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.2.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.3.Thebuswhichhasjustleftwasthelastonetoday.4.Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?5.Thehotelwhere(=at/inwhich)westayedwasveryclean.6.That’sthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hemissedhisbus.Afterlisteningtothescientistswhohadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizenswholivednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.Templesandotherculturalsitesweretakendownpiecebypiece,andthenmovedandputtogetheragaininaplacewheretheyweresafefromthewater.PresentationLookatthesentencesbelowandunderlinetherelativepronounsandadverbs.Findmoresentencescontainingrelativeclausesfromthetextonpage4.Therecomesatime_______theoldmustgivewaytothenew,...Waterfromthedamwouldlikelydamageanumberoftemplesanddestroyculturalrelics_______wereanimportantpartofEgypt’sculturalheritage.Afterlisteningtothescientists_________hadstudiedtheproblem,andcitizens_______livednearthedam,thegovernmentturnedtotheUnitedNationsforhelp.Temples...andthenmovedandputbacktogetheragaininaplace_______theyweresafefromthewater.Notonlyhadthecountriesfoundapathtothefuture_______didnotrunovertherelicsofthepast......byUNESCO,_________runsaprogramme_________preventsworldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.whenthatwhowhowherethatwhichthatFillintheblankswithproperrelativepronounsandadverbs.Discussinpairsaboutthemajorfunctionsoftherelativeclauses.Thenmakeashortsummaryinatableormindmap.关系词词形先行词在句中的成分关系代词who人主、宾whom人宾which物主、宾that人、物主、宾whose人、物定关系副词when时间词状where地点词状why原因词状FunctionsofheadnounFunctionsofrelativepronounO-S先行词在主句中作宾语关系代词在从句中作主语Ilikeateacher

whoinspireshis/herstudents.O-O先行词在主句中作宾语关系代词在从句中作宾语Ilikethebook

(that)youmentioned.S-S先行词在主句中作主语关系代词在从句中作主语He

whomakesnomistakesmakesnothing.S-O先行词在主句中作主语关系代词在从句中作宾语Theman

(who)youmetismycousin.e.g.Weknewthescientistwhohadstudiedtheproblem.

（若把从句去掉，则不明白是哪位科学家。）定语从句限制性e.g.WeknewthephysicalscientistHawkins,whohadstudiedtheproblem.

（若把从句去掉，仍然知道是哪位科学家。）在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省略，所修饰的先行词往往不明确，前面一般没有逗号隔开。往往是对先行词的附加说明，为先行词提供补充信息，即使去掉，也不会影响先行词的明确性，与主句之间常用逗号隔开。非限制性限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分关系代词的省略1.

作直接宾语时可以省略：Alanisamanwhoisstrictwithhimselfineverything

(that)

hedoes.

艾伦在做任何事情的时候都对自己严格要求。Theman(who/whom)yousawjustnowisthehead

ofourdepartment.

你刚才看到的那个人是我们部门的领导。2.作表语的关系代词that可以省略：Isabelhaschanged.Sheisnolongerthelittlegirl(that)shewas.伊莎贝尔已经变了。她再也不是以前那个小女孩了。3.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词在介词后虽作宾语，却不能省略：DoyouknowanylibrariesfromwhichIcanborrowthisbook?你知道我能从哪个图书馆借到这本书吗？关系代词宜用that不用which的情况1.

当先行词是all，much，anything，something，everything，nothing，little，few等不定代词时：Therewasnotmuch

(that)wecoulddowhenitwasraining.

下雨的时候我们能做的事不多。Thatisall

thatworks.

这就是所有的工作。2.当先行词为序数词/形容词最高级，或被序数词/形容词最高级修饰时：ThefirstEnglishnovel

thatIreadwasTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.我读的第一本英文小说是《汤姆·索亚历险记》。ThisisthemostbeautifulscenerythatIhaveseensofar.这是我目前见过的最美的风景。关系代词宜用that不用which的情况3.

当先行词被all，no，few，any，little，thesame，thelast，theonly，thevery等修饰时：I’vereadallthebooksthatmymotherboughtforme.

我已经读完了妈妈买给我的所有书。Thisistheverybook(that)

Iwanttoread.

这正是我想读的书。4.当先行词既有人又有物时：Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。关系代词宜用which不用that的情况1.

在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时：Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?

这就是你花高价买的那辆车吗？2.当有两个并列的定语从句时，其中前一个从句的关系代词用that，后一个宜用which：LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.我给你看一本我从新开放的图书馆里借的小说。关系代词宜用who不用that的情况先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one，ones，anyone，everyone，everybody，someone等，或先行词为those且指人时：Theperson

whoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.

买了房子或搬家的人是举办派对的人。Thosewhodaretobreakthelawwillbepunished.

那些胆敢违反法律的人将会受到惩罚。关系代词作动词的间接宾语的情况1.关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，用to或for。例如：

Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflowerto?Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflower?2.无关系代词时，也要用to或for。例如：TheladyIwrotethepoemfor

wasmysister.

我为她写诗的那个女人是我姐姐。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项1.正式英语中，介词可置于从句之首，whom或which之前。但不可置于who或that之前：Thisisthegreatwritertowhomourteacherwasreferring.这就是我们老师提到的那位伟大的作家。Heaskedaquestiontowhichtherewasnoanswer.他问了一个无人回答的问题。2.定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的短语动词，则不可把介词移至从句之首，常见的此类短语有lookfor，listento，lookafter，takecareof等：Hereceivedtheemailhewaslookingforwardto.他收到了他期待的电子邮件。Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.

这就是我正在找的那块表。Step1

明确主句和从句。Step2

找到先行词，确定它在主句中的功能。Step3

根据先行词和关系代词或关系副词在从句中的功能，

确定使用哪个关系代词或关系副词。EXAMPLEIhavedownloadedthatfreeapp,butitdoesn’tworkwell.→Thefreeapp(which/that)Ihavedownloadeddoesn’tworkwell.一般出现两次的词就是先行词。PracticeRewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.1.Heshowedmeaphotoinhisroom.ItwasaphotoofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.→

Thephoto_______________________________________________________________2.TheprojectteamhelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.Itwasformedbymembersfromfifteencountries.→

Theprojectteam__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.ThistemplewasfirstbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.→

Thetime_________________________________________________________________(which/that)heshowedmeinhisroomwasofafamousculturalrelicinEgypt.

whosememberswerefromfifteencountrieshelpedprotectthenationalparksintheUnitedRepublicofTanzania.whenthistemplewasfirstbuiltwasduringtheQinDynasty.Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.4.WemetaprofessionalarchaeologistattheentrancetotheGreatPyramid.Heexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.→

Theprofessionalarchaeologist_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Thedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasareunderthedesk.Ifoundthemyesterday.→

Theplace_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.Scientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetemplebecausetheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.→

Thereason______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(who/whom)wemetattheentrancetotheGreatPyramidexplainedtoustheprocessofbuildingsuchadifficultstructure.whereIfoundthedocumentsabouttheculturalrelicsfromoverseasyesterdayisunderthedesk.

whyscientistsworkedtogetherdayandnighttorescuethetempleisthattheywantedtopreserveitforthenextgeneration.Rewritethesentencesusingrelativeclauses.Workbookwho

whom

whose

thatwhich

when

where

why1.Thatisthesite________they

discoveredcavesfullofBuddhastatues.2.Doesanybodyknowthereason

________herefusedtosignthedocument?3.Sueisthepersonto

________Isent

thetextmessageyesterday.4.Mybrotherworksinacafé

________

top-qualityItalianfoodisserved.5.Thisisthearchaeologist

________

discoveredtheIncaruins.6.Onthewayhome,hehelpedayoungman

________carhadbrokendown.7.Tasmaniaisthemostunforgettableplace

_________

Ihaveeverbeento.8.InEuropeancountries,theweekendisusuallyatime

________nobodygoestowork.9.Thisisthestoryin__________thevaluableblueandwhiteporcelainvasefromtheMingDynastywasfinallyreturnedtoitsowner.wherewhywhomwherewhowhosethat/whichwhenwhichChoosethecorrectwordstofillintheblanks.1.Lastwinterwesawthewell-preserved

templeforthefirsttime.Iwillrememberitforever.

___________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.ImetaGermanscientistatthepartylast

week.Heislikelytobeworkinginourcity._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Thisisthebookshop.

Ifoundabookabout

LiangSicheng’scontributiontoprotectingChina’sculturalheritageinit._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Iwillrememberforeverthetimelastwinterwhenwefirstsawthewell-preservedtemple.（我会永远记得去年冬天的那一刻，就在那一刻我们第一次看到那座保存完好的寺庙。）ImetaGermanscientistwhoislikelytobeworkinginourcityatthepartylastweek.（上周的聚会上我遇到了一位德国科学家，这位科学家可能会在我们城市工作。）ThisisthebookshopwhereIfoundabookaboutLiangSicheng’scontributiontoprotectingChina’sculturalheritage.（这就是那家书店，我在里面找到了一本书，书中讲述了梁思成对中国文化遗产保护所做出的贡献。）Jointhetwosentencesusingrelativeclauses.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.4.Theboy’sproposalwashelpfulandpractical.Mostofthestudentsagreedwithhim.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________5.Hedoesnotidentifyhappinesswithmoney.

Thatisthereason.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.Thecommitteewasestablishedlastyear.It

playsanimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thatisthereasonwhyhedoesnot

identifyhappinesswithmoney.

（这就是他不把幸福等同于金钱的原因。）Mostofthestudentsagreedwiththe

boywhoseproposalwashelpfulandpractical.

（多数学生都赞同那个男孩，认为他的建议既有用又可行。）Thecommitteewhichwasestablished

lastyearplaysanimportantroleinenvironmentalprotection.（去年成立的委员会在环境保护方面发挥了重要的作用。）Jointhetwosentencesusingrelativeclauses.ThentranslatethemintoChinese.1.Thisisthemonthduringwhichwe’dliketo

travelaround.

___________________________________________________________________2.Shegavealectureinthehallinwhich

we

interviewedafamousBeijingoperaactorlastweek.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.Lillianworksinagovernmentofficein

whichtherearemanydifferentdepartments.___________________________________________________________________4.FindingajobasahistoryteacherinanotherschoolwasthereasonforwhichImoved.___________________________________________________________________Thisisthemonthwhenwe’dliketo

travelaround.Shegavealectureinthehallwhere

weinterviewedafamousBeijingoperaactorlastweek.Lillianworksinagovernmentoffice

wheretherearemanydifferentdepartments.Findingajobasahistoryteacherin

anotherschoolwasthereasonwhyImoved.Rewritethesentencesbyreplacingprep+which/whomwithwhen/how/where/why.5.Summeristheseasoninwhichitisbestto

practiseoutsidewithyourteam.

___________________________________________________________________6.TheLongmenGrottoesweretheplacein

whichImetthefamousartistwhoshowedmemanyofhispaintingsanddigitalphotos.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.Ireliedonmycaruntilitbrokedownatthe

placeatwhichthethreeroadsmet.___________________________________________________________________8.Itisatimeatwhichthesunbeginstosetandthemoonbeginstorise.Helikestotakephotosfromtheroofofhishouse.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Summeristheseasonwhenitisbest

topractiseoutsidewithyourteam.TheLongmenGrottoesweretheplace

whereImetthefamousartistwhoshowedmemanyofhispaintingsanddigitalphotos.Ireliedonmycaruntilitbrokedown

attheplacewherethethreeroadsmet.Helikestotakephotosfromtheroof

ofhishouseatatimewhenthesunbeginstosetandthemoonbeginstorise.Rewritethesentencesbyreplacingprep+which/whomwithwhen/how/where/why.1.Nooneknowsforcertainhowtheislanders

transportedthestatues,theywereextremelylargeandheavy.

___________________________________________________________________2.Peopledoubtthattheyweredragged

(牵引)

overtheland,thatissorough.___________________________________________________________________3.Somepeoplethinkthattheislandersused

largetoolsthatismadeofstrongwood.___________________________________________________________________4.Thewoodformakingthetoolsprobablycamefrombigtrees,itdidnotexistontheisland.___________________________________________________________________5.Somepeopleclaimthatunknownbeings

fromspacemovedthestatues,theyaresoheavy.

___________________________________________________________________whichwhichwerewhichwhichwereThelargestonestatuesonEasterIslandremainamysterytous.Readabouttheirhistoryandcorrectthemistakesinthetext.6.Accordingtotheislanders,

thefinished

statuesweremovedbythosehadmagicpowers.___________________________________________________________________7.Itissaidthatthestatueswerecarvedduring

thesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,whentheislandwasruledbyamysterioussocietythen.___________________________________________________________________8.TheDutchvisitedtheislandin1722thetimethesocietythathadmadethestatueshaddisappeared.___________________________________________________________________9.TheDutchwantedtogetsuppliesonthisislandwheretherew