课件教程综合01 the dynamo and virgin

HenryAdams

“TheEducationofHenryAdams”

CHAPTERXXV

THEDYNAMOANDTHEVIRGIN(1900)

UNTILtheGreatExpositionof1900closeditsdoorsinNovember,Adamshauntedit,achingtoabsorbknowledge,andhelplesstofindit.Hewouldhavelikedtoknow

howmuchofitcouldhavebeengraspedbythebest‐informedmanintheworld.Whilehewasthusmeditatingchaos,Langleycameby,andshowedittohim.AtLangley'sbehest,theExhibitiondroppeditssuperfluousragsandstrippeditselftotheskin,forLangleyknewwhattostudy,andwhy,andhow;whileAdamsmightaswellhavestoodoutsideinthenight,staringattheMilkyWay.YetLangleysaidnothingnew,andtaughtnothingthatonemightnothavelearnedfromLordBacon,threehundredyearsbefore;butthoughoneshouldhaveknownthe"AdvancementofScience"aswellasoneknewthe"ComedyofErrors,"theli ryknowledgecountedfornothinguntilsometeachershouldshowhowtoapplyit.BacontookavastdealoftroubleinteachingKingJamesIandhissubjects,Americanorother,towardstheyear1620,thattruesciencewasthedevelopmentoreconomyof s;yetanelderlyAmericanin1900knewneithertheformulanorthe s;orevensomuchastosaytohimselfthathishistoricalbusinessintheExpositionconcernedonlytheeconomiesordevelopmentsof s e1893,whenhebeganthestudyatChicago.

Nothingineducationissoastonishingastheamountofignoranceitaccumulatesintheformofinertfacts.AdamshadlookedatmostoftheaccumulationsofartinthestorehousescalledArtMuseums;yethedidnotknowhowtolookattheartexhibitsof1900.HehadstudiedKarlMarxandhisdoctrinesofhistorywithprofoundattention,yethecouldnotapplythematParis.Langley,withtheeaseofagreatmasterofexperiment,threwoutofthefieldeveryexhibitthatdidnotrevealanewapplicationof ,an turallythrewout,tobeginwith,almostthewholeartexhibit.Equally,heignoredalmostthewholeindustrialexhibit.Heledhispupildirectlytothe s.Hischiefinterestwasinnewmotorstomakehisairshipfeasible,andhetaughtAdamstheastonishingcomplexitiesofthenewDaimlermotor,andoftheauto ,which,s e1893,hadbecomeanightmareatahundredkilometresanhour,almostasdestructiveastheelectrictramwhichwasonlytenyearsolder;andthreateningtobecomeasterribleasthelocomotive ‐engineitself,whichwasalmostexactlyAdams'sownage.

Thenheshowedhisscholarthegreathallofdynamos,andexinedhowlittleheknewabou ectricityor ofanykind,evenofhisownspecialsun,whichspoutedheatin onceivablevolume,butwhich,asfarasheknew,mightspoutlessormore,atanytime,forallthecertaintyhefeltinit.Tohim,thedynamoitselfwasbutaningeniouschannelforconveyingsomewheretheheatlatentinafewtonsof

poorcoalhiddeninadirtyengine‐housecarefullykeptoutofsight;buttoAdamsthedynamobecameasymbolofinfinity.Ashegrewaccustomedtothegreatgalleryofmachines,hebegantofeeltheforty‐footdynamosasamoral ,muchastheearlyChristiansfelttheCross.Thenetitselfseemedlessimpressive,initsold‐fashioned,deliberate,annualordailyrevolution,thanthishugewheel,revolvingwithinarm'slengthatsomevertiginousspeed,andbarelymurmuring‐‐scarcelyhumminganaudiblewarningtostandahair's‐breadthfurtherforrespectofpower‐

‐whileitwouldnotwakethebabylyingcloseitsframe.Before ,onebegantopraytoit;inheritedinst ttaughtthenaturalexpressionofmanbeforesilentandinfinite .Amongthethousandsymbolsofultimateenergythedynamowasnot manassome,butitwasthemostexpressive.

Yetthedynamo,nexttothe ‐engine,wasthemostfamiliarofexhibits.ForAdams'sobjectsitsvaluelaychieflyinitsoccultmechanism.Betweenthedynamointhegalleryofmachinesandtheengine‐houseoutside,thebreakofcontinuityamountedtoabysmalfractureforahistorian'sobjects.Nomorerelationcouldhediscoverbetweenthe andtheelectriccurrentthanbetweentheCrossandthecathedral.The swereinterchangeableifnotreversible,buthecouldseeonlyanabsolutefiatinelectricityasinfaith.Langleycouldnothelphim.Indeed,Langleyseemedtobeworriedbythesametrouble,forheconstantlyrepeatedthatthenew

swereanarchical,andespeciallythathewasnotresponsibleforthenewrays,thatwerelittleshortofparricidalintheirwickedspirittowardsscience.Hisownrays,withwhichhehaddoubledthesolarspectrum,werealtogetherharmlessandbeneficent;butRadiumdenieditsGod‐‐or,whatwastoLangleythesamething,deniedthetruthsofhisScience.The waswhollynew.

AhistorianwhoaskedonlytolearnenoughtobeasfutileasLangleyorKelvin,maderapidprogressunderthisteaching,andmixedhimselfupinthetangleofideasuntilheachievedasortofParadiseofignorancevastlyconsolingtohisfatiguedsenses.Hewrappedhimselfinvibrationsandrayswhichwerenew,andhewouldhavehuggedMarconiandBranlyhadhemetthem,ashehuggedthedynamo;whilehelosthisarithmeticintryingtofigureouttheequationbetweenthediscoveriesandtheeconomiesof .Theeconomies,likethediscoveries,wereabsolute,

super ,occult; apableofexpressioninhorse‐power.WhatmathematicalequivalentcouldhesuggestasthevalueofaBranlycoherer?Frozenair,ortheelectricfurnace,hadsomescaleofmeasurement,nodoubt,ifsomebodycouldinventathermome dequatetothepurpose;butX‐rayshadyednopartwhateverinman'sconsciousness,andtheatomitselfhadfiguredonlyasafictionof

thought.Inthesesevenyearsmanhadtranslatedhimselfintoanewuniversewhichhadnocommonscaleofmeasurementwiththeold.Hehadenteredasuper

world,inwhichhecouldmeasurenothingexceptbychancecollisionsofmovementsimperceptibletohissenses,perhapsevenimperceptibletohisinstruments,butperceptibletoeachother,andsotosomeknownrayat ofthescale.Langleyseemedpreparedforanything,evenforanindeterminablenumberofuniverses

interfused‐‐physicsstarkmadinmetaphysics.

Historiansundertaketoarrangesequences,‐‐calledstories,orhistories‐‐assuminginsilencearelationofcauseandeffect.Theseassumptions,hiddeninthedepthsofdustylibraries,havebeenastounding,butcommonlyunconsciousandchildlike;somuchso,thatifanycaptiouscriticweretodragthemtolight,historianswouldprobablyreply,withonevoice,thattheyhadneversupposedthemselvesrequiredtoknowwhattheyweretalkingabout.Adams,forone,hadtoiledinvaintofindoutwhathemeant.HehadevenpublishedadozenvolumesofAmericanhistoryfornootherpurposethantosatisfyhimselfwhether,byseverestprocessofstating,withtheleastpossiblecomment,suchfactsasseemedsure,insuchorderasseemedrigorouslyconsequent,hecouldfixforafamiliarmomentanecessarysequenceofhumanmovement.TheresulthadsatisfiedhimaslittleasatHarvardCollege.Wherehesawsequence,othermensawsomethingquitedifferent,andnoonesawthesameunitofmeasure.Hecaredlittleabouthi perimentsandlessabouthisstatesmen,whoseemedtohimquiteasignorantashimselfand,asarule,nomorehonest;butheinsistedonarelationofsequence,andifhecouldnotreachitbyonemethod,hewouldtryasmanymethodsasscienceknew.Satisfiedthatthesequenceofmenledtonothingandthatthesequenceoftheirsocietycouldleadnofurther,whilethemeresequenceoftimewasartificial,andthesequenceofthoughtwaschaos,heturnedatlasttothesequenceof ;andthusithappenedthat,aftertenyears'pursuit,hefoundhimselflyingintheGalleryofMachinesattheGreatExpositionof1900,hishistoricalneckbrokenbythesuddenirruptionof stotallynew.

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第二十五章。

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的教育》。

发电机与处女(1900)。

直到1900年世界博览会于11月闭幕之前，一直困扰着它，渴望吸收知识，却又无助于找到它。他很想知道，当他还在的时候，世界上最有见识的人能够掌握其中的多少内容。就这样，冥想混乱，来了，并向他展示了它。在的要求下，展览放弃了多余的破布和剥光自己。就皮肤而言，知道要研究什么、为什么、以及如何研究；而也可能站在外面晚上，凝视着银河……然而，没有说任何新的东西，也没有教任何人可能没有从勋爵那里学到的东西，三百年前；但是尽管有人应该知道“科学的进步”，也知道“错误喜剧”，“文学知识毫无意义，直到某个老师应该展示如何应用它。遇到了巨大的麻烦。到了1620年，一世国王和他的科目，无论是美国还是其他国家，都认为真正的科学是力量的发展或经济；1900年的一位美国老人既不知道公式，也不知道力量；甚至对自己说，他的博览会中的历史商业仅关注自1893年以来的经济或武力发展，当时他开始在芝加哥进行研究。

教育中没有什么比以惰性事实的形式积累的无知更令人震惊的了。已经看过了艺术的积累仓库被称为艺术博物馆；但他不知道如何观看1900年的艺术展品。他曾研究过·。他的历史学说受到了深刻的关注，但他无法在巴黎应用它们。，以一位伟大的大师的轻松实验，将所有未揭示新的武力应用的展品扔出现场，并自然地扔出以开始。几乎整个艺术展品..同样，他忽略了几乎整个工业展品..他直接带领他的学生走向了力量..他的主要兴趣是在新汽车中使他的飞艇可行，并且他向传授了新戴姆勒汽车惊人的复杂性，并且自1893年以来，汽车成为一场噩梦，每小时行驶数百公里，几乎与电动有轨电车一样具有破坏性只比老了十年；并且威胁要变得像机车蒸汽机本身一样可怕，几乎完全是自己的。年龄..

然后，他向他的学者展示了发电机的大厅，并解释了他对电力或任何种类的力知之甚少。他自己的特殊太阳，以不可思议的体积喷出热量，但据他所知，可能会喷出更少或更多，在任何时候，尽管他感觉到了其中的确定性，但对他来说，发电机本身不过是一个巧妙的传送通道。潜伏在几吨贫煤中的热量隐藏在肮脏的发动机室中，小心翼翼地放在看不见的地方；但是给发电机成为无限的象征。随着他逐渐习惯了机器的伟大画廊，他开始感觉四十英尺作为道德力量的动力，就像早期基督徒感受到的十字架一样，地球本身似乎不太令人印象深刻，因为它是老式的，故意的，每年或每天的公转，比这个巨大的轮子，在手臂的距离内以令人眩晕的速度旋转，并且几乎没有咕哝。嗡嗡声和声音警告要进一步站立，以尊重权力--同时它不会吵醒正在躺着的婴儿它的框架……在结束之前，一个人开始向它祈祷；继承的本能教会了人在沉默和无限之前的自然表达。力..在终极能量的数千个符号中，发电机不像某些人那么人类，但它是最具表现力的..

然而，发电机，仅次于蒸汽机，是最熟悉的展品。对于的物体来说，它的价值主要在于它的神秘学在机器画廊中的发电机和外部发动机室之间的机制，连续性的破坏相当于严重的断裂。历史学家的物体……他无法发现蒸汽和电流之间的关系比十字和电流之间的关系更多。大教堂..力量是可互换的，如果不是可逆的，但他只能看到电力中的绝对法令，如信仰中的那样..不能帮助他

……确实，似乎对同样的麻烦感到担忧，因为他不断地重复说新势力是无政府主义的，并且尤其是他对新射线不负有责任，他们对科学的邪恶精神与他自己的弑父行为相差甚远射线，他用它使太阳光谱加倍，完全无害且有益；但是镭否认了它的上帝——或者，什么。对来说也是同样的事情，否认了他的科学的真相……这股力量