新教材高中英语UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLDSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures学案（含解析）新人教版

UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLDSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures单元语法精析关系副词和“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句语法点拨一、关系副词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系副词包括when,where,why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。其具体用法见下表：关系副词先行词在从句中所作的成分when表示时间时间状语where表示地点地点状语why表示原因原因状语1．when的用法when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，morning，night，week，year等表示时间的名词。Therewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds，moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花从未令我心迷神往过。Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把在公园举行的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能比现在好。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津先行词是表示时间的词时，关系词是否用when，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。Westillrememberthedayswhenwespentourholidaytogether.我们仍然记得我们在一起度假的那些日子。(when在从句中作时间状语)Westillrememberthedays(that/which)wespenttogether.我们仍然记得我们一起度过的那些日子。(that/which在从句中作宾语)2．where的用法where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常为place，spot，street，house，room，city，town，country等表示地点的名词或point(地步)，case(情况)，situation(情形)，position(位置)，stage(阶段)等表示抽象地点的名词。Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheatreispreparingtoclosedown.这部电影以一座小镇为背景，这座小镇唯一的电影院即将倒闭。TheywenttotheRoyalTheatre,wheretheysawaninterestingplay.他们去了皇家剧院，在那里看了一场有趣的戏剧。Whataresomesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式？eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津先行词是表示地点的词时，关系词是否用where，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。Thisisthehousewherewevisitedthefamouswriterlastyear.去年我们就是在这所房子里拜访了那位著名作家。(where在从句中作地点状语)Thehouse(that/which)wevisitedlastyearisover500yearsold.我们去年参观的那个房子有500多年的历史了。(that/which在从句中作宾语)3．why的用法why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason，why在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。Ihavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)Iwasabsentfromthemeeting.我来是为了解释我当时没有到会的原因的。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津先行词是reason时，关系词是否用why，还需要判断关系词在从句中所作的成分。Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.这就是他迟到的原因。(why在从句中原因作状语)Pleasetellmethereason(that/which)heexplainedtoyou.请告诉我他向你解释的原因。(that/which在从句中作宾语)4．theway作先行词首先要确定关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。(1)如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that或which。Theway(that/which)hethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasnotpractical.他所想到的解决这个问题的方法不切实际。(2)如果关系词在定语从句中作状语，则用关系词inwhich，that或省略。Thisistheway(that/inwhich)helearnsEnglish.这就是他学习英语的方法。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句改错①Ioftenthinkofthedayswhenwespentontheislandtogether.__when→which/that或删除when__②Therearesomereasonswhichtheydothis.__在which前加for或which→why__③IhopeIcanbeadmittedtoagoodcollege,whichIwillhaveachancetoimprovemyEnglishfurther.__在which前加in或which→where__④ThefirstthingIwouldsayisthatthewaywhichyoubegintheconversationisveryimportant.__在which前加in或which→that或删除which__⑤Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewhichhisemployeesenjoytheirwork.__在which前加in或which→where__⑥Thisisthemuseumwhereyouvisitedtheotherday.__where→that/which或删除where__⑦HaveyoueverbeentoWuhan,whereIleft5yearsago?__where→which__二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句1．在这种结构中，若关系代词指人，只能用whom；若关系代词指物，只能用which。Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.那是在1952年，曼德拉当时是一位黑人律师，我向他寻求建议。I’llneverforgetthedayonwhich(＝when)Ifirstmetyou.我永远不会忘记初次见你的那一天。Thisisthetowninwhich(＝where)Shakespearewasborn.这就是莎士比亚出生的城镇。Iforgottheexactplacetowhich(＝where)Ihadpaidavisit.我忘记了已经参观过的确切地点。There’snoreasonforwhich(＝why)wecanbetrayourfriends.我们没有理由背叛朋友。I’dlikeyoutoexplainthereasonforwhich(＝why)youwereabsent.我想让你解释一下你没来的原因。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津“名词/代词/数词/最高级＋of＋关系代词”结构比如：none/some/several/afew/many/more/most/two/thebiggestofwhich/whom等。Thejourneyaroundtheworldwouldtakethesailorninemonths,thesailingtimeofwhich(＝ofwhichthesailingtime)was226days.环游世界花费了水手们九个月的时间，其中航行时间是226天。Herearethequestions,noneofwhich(＝ofwhichnone)Ithoughtaredifficultforyou.就是这些问题，我认为对你来说没有一个是困难的。PresentatthemeetingwerealmostexpertsonAI,mostofwhom(＝ofwhommost)weremale.出席会议的大都是人工智能方面的专家，其中大部分是男性。2．关系代词前介词的选用(1)依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定。Closefriendsarethosetowhomyoufeelsoclosethatitishardtoimaginelifewithoutthem.密友就是那些你感到如此亲近的人，以至于你无法想象没有他们的生活。(feelcloseto)Charityisthecausetowhichheisdevoted.慈善是他挚爱的事业。(bedevotedto)(2)依据与先行词的搭配来确定。Thisisthefarmonwhichheworks.这就是他工作的农场。(onthefarm)(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。Thecolourlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.这种无色的气体就是氧气，离开了它我们不能生存。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))误区警示有些“动词(＋名词)＋介词”的固定搭配，如lookfor，lookafter，callon，takecareof等，不能把介词提到关系代词前。Myyoungestbrother,afterwhomIhavetolook,isverynaughty.(×)Myyoungestbrother,whomIhavetolookafter,isverynaughty.(√)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练用“介词＋关系代词”填空①Guncontrolisasubject__over/aboutwhich__Americanshavearguedforalongtime.②Wemustworkevenharderduringthecomingwinterholidayandneverforgetthatwearepartoftheschool__ofwhich__thenameisGuangming③Inourclassthereare46students,__ofwhom__halfwearglasses.④Thepen__withwhich__heiswritingismine.⑤Heboughtabookyesterday,thewriter__ofwhich__isateacher.⑥Idon’tthinkthenumberofthepeople__towhom__thishappensisverylarge.⑦Inthestreet,therewasn’tasingleperson__towhom__shecouldturnforhelp.⑧Theway__inwhich__MissLiuteachesEnglishisquitedifferentfromMissZhao’s.三、使用定语从句应该注意的问题1．定语从句中的主谓一致问题当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的数应与先行词保持一致。下面是定语从句在实际运用中需要注意的几个主谓一致的问题：(1)I作先行词时，定语从句中谓语动词应该与I保持一致I,whoamyourteacher,willtrytosolveallkindsofquestions.我作为你的老师，会尽力解决各种各样的问题。(2)当关系代词as或which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，且作从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.众所周知，中国已经发生了天翻地覆的变化。(3)当“oneof＋the(＋形容词最高级)＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。TheSummer颐和园是吸引着大批游客的世界名胜之一。TheLordoftheRingsisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.《指环王》是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))误区警示当“theonlyoneof＋the(＋形容词最高级)＋复数名词”位于关系词前时，定语从句的先行词是theonlyone，从句的谓语动词要用单数形式。ThisistheonlyoneofthesongsinthealbumthatissunginEnglish.这是这张专辑中唯一一首英文歌曲。TitanicistheonlyoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.在这些最精彩的电影中，《泰坦尼克号》是唯一一部好莱坞制作的影片。2．fromwhere，since/until/bywhen也可以引导定语从句。Hestoodontopofthehill,fromwherehecouldseetheYangtzeRiver.他站在山顶上，从那里他能看到长江。(fromwhere＝fromwhichplace)Thebookwaswrittenin1946,sincewhentheeducationsystemhasseengreatchanges.这本书著于1946年，从那时起教育体制发生了重大变化。(since/until/bywhen＝since/until/bywhichtime)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练对比训练①〈1〉Thisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthat__were__(be)shownlastweek.〈2〉Thisistheonlyoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthat__was__(be)shownlastweek.②〈1〉Hehastwosons,bothof__whom__arecollegestudents.〈2〉Hehastwosons,andbothof__them__arecollegestudents.③〈1〉Hestilllivesintheroom__whose__windowfacestotheeast.〈2〉Hestilllivesintheroom,thewindowof__which__facestothecast.〈3〉Hestilllivesintheroom__which/that__isonthethirdfloor.〈4〉Hestilllivesintheroom__where/inwhich__thereisabeautifultable.④〈1〉Aftertheflooding，peopleweresufferinginthatarea,__who/and__urgentlyneededcleanwaterandmedicine.〈2〉Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,__where/inwhich__cleanwaterandmedicinewereneeded.⑤〈1〉Ahousingbubbleisaneconomicsituation__which/that__occurswhenhousepricesrisemuchtoofast.〈2〉It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation__where/inwhich__theycanseethemselvesdifferently.⑥〈1〉I’llneverforgetthedays__when或during/onwhich__westudiedtogether.〈2〉I’llneverforgetthedays__which/that__wespenttogether.⑦〈1〉Thisistheonlyway__that__youcanfind.〈2〉Idon’tliketheway__inwhich/that__hespoketohismother.⑧〈1〉Isthismuseum__theone__theyvisitedlastmonth?〈2〉Isthisthemuseum__which/that__theyvisitedlastmonth?〈3〉Isthisthemuseum__towhich__theypaidavisitlastmonth?⑨〈1〉Itwas10o’clock__when/atwhich__theywentoutofthecinema.〈2〉Itwasat10o’clock__that__theywentoutofthecinema.专项练习Ⅰ．用适当的关系副词或介词＋关系代词填空1．Self-drivingisanarea__where__Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.2．Doyoulikethebook__forwhich__shepaid$10?3．Doyoulikethebook__fromwhich__shelearnedalot?4．Doyoulikethebook__aboutwhich__sheoftentalks?5．Thetower__fromwhich__peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.6．Theman__towhom__Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.7．Sheglancedattheroom__where__fourmenweretalkingaloud.8．Doyouknowtheyear__when/inwhich__theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?9．Thefactory__where/inwhich__weareworkingwillberebuiltsoon.10．Thereason__why/forwhich__shediditisthatshewouldn’tletherparentsfeeldisappointed.Ⅱ．根据提示补全下列定语从句1．Thisisthemuseum__wherewesawthefamouspainting__.这就是我们看到那幅名画的博物馆。(where)2．Weliveinanage__whenpeoplecancommunicatemore__easilythaneverbefore.我们生活在一个交流比以前更容易的时代。(when)3．Thereason__whyhewaslate__wasthathegotuplate.他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。(why)4．Thedocuments__forwhichtheyweresearching__havebeenrecovered.他们寻找的文件已经找到了。(forwhich)5．Thisistheteacher__fromwhomwe’velearnedalot__.这就是我们从他那里学了很多东西的老师。(fromwhom)6．Theman__towhomyouweretalking__justnowismyEnglishteacher.刚刚和你谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。(towhom)7．I’llneverforgettheday__onwhichIjoinedtheParty__.我永远都不会忘记入党的日子。(onwhich)8．Thefactory__inwhichmyfatherworks__isintheeastofthecity.父亲工作的那家工厂在城东。(inwhich)9．Noneofusknowthereason__forwhichTomwasabsent__fromthemeeting.我们都不知道汤姆缺席会议的原因。(forwhich)10．Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecity__inwhichIwasborn__.我出生的城市发生了很大的变化。(inwhich)Ⅲ．用适当的关系词填空Iwilltellyouastory__1．that/which__isveryinteresting.Itisaboutagoodman__2．who/that__iscalledTom.Tommarriedagirl__3．whose__nameisJane.Janeisthegirl__4．who/whom/that__Tomloves.Theyliveinahouse__5