英语电影赏析课件

Narrative

BasicStoriesNarrative

BasicStoriesNarrative,Story,andPlot

Narrative,story,andplotarethebasictermsusedwhenanalyzingthenarrativestructure（叙事结构）ofafilm.Althoughtheyaresometimesusedinterchangeably(可交换的)，theyalsohavemoreprecisemeaningsthatcanhelpustodrawsomeusefuldistinction.DavidBordwellandKrisinThomasinFilmArt—AnIntroduction《电影艺术入门)definethemasfollows:Narrative,Story,andPlot

DefinitionNarrative

（storyline)Achainofeventsincause-effect

relationships(因果关系)occurringintimeandspace.StoryAlltheeventsthatweseeandhear,plusallthosethatweinferorassumetohaveoccurred,arrangedintheirpresumedcausalrelations,chronologicalorder,duration,frequencyandspatiallocations.

PlotAlltheeventsthataredirectlypresentedtous,includingtheircausalrelations,chronologicalorder,duration,frequency,andspatiallocations.DefinitionNarrative（storylineExample-LifeofPiNarrative

（storyline)AteenagerboynamedPilosthisfamilyinshipwreckanddriftonPacificOceanfor227days……StoryThesecondstoryor“yourstoryofPi”PlotAyoungmanwhosurvivesadisasteratseaishurtledintoanepicjourneyofadventureanddiscovery.Whilecastaway,heformsanunexpectedconnectionwithanothersurvivor:afearsomeBengaltiger.(FromIMDB）-thefirststoryThekeydistinctionisthatbetweenstoryandplot:Storyistheviewer'simaginaryconstruction

ofalltheeventsinthenarrative—whetherpresentedtousornot—whileplotisthefilm’sactualpresentationofcertaineventsinthenarrative.Example-LifeofPiNarrativeTheBasicStories

WriterssuchasRoryJohnstonhavearguedthattherearealimitednumberofstoriesthatformthebasisforallfictionalnarratives.Thesestorieshavebeennamedasfollows.

*Theycanoccuraloneorincombination*Thesestorycategoriesshouldbeinterpretedquite

loosely.AchillesCandidCinderellaCirceFaust阿喀琉斯康迪德灰姑娘喀耳刻浮士德OrpheusRomeoandJulietTristantheWanderingJew俄尔普斯罗密欧与朱丽叶特里斯坦流浪的犹太人TheBasicStories

WriterssuTheBasicStories

Achilles

The“Achilles”storyisthestoryoftheseeminglyinvulnerable(不会受伤的，无懈可击的)herowithafatalflaw.ClassicaltragedyisusuallyavariantoftheAchillesstory.

TheBasicStories

AchillesAchilles

wasa

Greek

heroandgreatestwarriorofthe

TrojanWar

.LaterlegendsstatethatAchilleswasinvulnerableinallofhisbodyexceptforhisheel.Becauseofhisdeathfromasmallwoundintheheel,theterm

Achilles'heelhascometomeanaperson'spointofweakness.Achilleswasa

Greek

heroandExample:Superman

FatalFlaw:kryptonite氪气石concernwiththepeoplehelovesandcaresExample:Superman1.Aflawlesshero?2.FatalflawsofhumanbeingsQuestionGreedJealousySluggishnessPrejudiceArrogance1.Aflawlesshero?2.FatalflTheBasicStoriesCandide

Thestoryoftheinnocentabroad,thenativelyoptimisticherowhotriumphscontrarytoallexpectationsTheBasicStoriesExample:Mr.Bean'sHoliday(2007)Mr.BeanwinsatriptoCanneswhereheunwittinglyseparatesayoungboyfromhisfatherandmusthelpthetwocomebacktogether.OnthewayhediscoversFrance,bicycling,andtruelove,amongotherthings.Example:Mr.Bean'sHoliday(20EnglishVinglish印式英语(2012)Thestoryofaquiet,sweettemperedhousewifewhoenduressmallslightsfromherwelleducatedhusbandanddaughtereverydaybecauseofherinabilitytospeakandunderstandEnglish.Sheisresourcefulandopen-mindedbutsomehowthesetraitsdon'tgetnoticedbythem.ThenonedayonatriptovisithersisterinManhattanshedecidestoenrollinanEnglishLearnersclassandmeetsahostofnewpeoplewhoteachhertovalueherselfbeyondthenarrowperspectiveofherfamily.EnglishVinglish印式英语(2012)ForrestGump（1994）ForrestGump（1994）TheBasicStoriesCinderellaThestoryofthe“dreamcomestrue”:Goodnessandvirtuearedespised（轻视）atthebeginningbutrecognizedatlast.TheprotagonistoftheCinderellastoryusuallybeginsinalowlypositionbut,throughhisgoodnature,convincesalldoubters(怀疑者)andisrewarded.Zootopia（2016）TheBasicStoriesCinderellaExample1950200220072015Example1950200220072015Myfairlady(1964)ThePrincessDiaries(2001)MyfairladyThePrincessDiPrettywoman(1990)Prettywoman(1990)ThePursuitofHappyness(2006)ThePursuitofHappynessQuestion：IsGreatGatsbyaCinderellastory?Question：TheBasicStoriesCirceThe“chase”storyinwhichaninnocentvictimispursuedbythevillain,untilthevillainisdefeatedbythepotentialvictim.Oftenthisstorytakestheformofthetemptress(诱惑男人的女性）ensnaring(诱捕)thelove-struck(被爱情冲昏了头的)male;ithasoftenbeenvividlydescribedas“thespiderandthefly”.Itisthebasisofhorrorfilms,

thrillers,andfilmnoir(黑色电影).TheBasicStoriesVictimV.S.VillainWhoisthespider？SpiderV.S.FlyVictimV.S.VillainWhoistheExampleFatalattraction(1987)HappilymarriedNewYorklawyerDanhasanaffairwithhiscolleagueAlex,andthetwoenjoyaloveweekendwhileDan'swifeandkidareaway.ButAlexwillnotletgoofhim,andshewillstopatnothingtohavehimforherself.Justhowfarwillshegotogetwhatshewants?

(fromIMDB)ExampleFatalattraction(1987)ExampleGonegirl(2004)Withhiswife'sdisappearancehavingbecomethefocusofanintensemediacircus,amanseesthespotlightturnedonhimwhenit'ssuspectedthathemaynotbeinnocent.ExampleGonegirl(2004)BlackCoal，ThinIce(2014)Anexcopandhisexpartnerdecidetofollowuponinvestigationofaseriesofmurdersthatendedtheircareersandshamedthem,whenidenticalmurdersbeginagain.ExampleBlackCoal，ThinIce(2014)ExamFaust

Thestoryofanindividualwhosellshissoultothedevil,enjoysabriefperiodofpowerandprosperity,buteventuallyiscalledupontorepaythedebt.TheFauststorycanalsotaketheformofthedarksecretthatcanneverbecompletelysuppressed,orthepersonalhistorythatcannotbeevaded.Thedevilisnotusuallyaliteraldevilbutametaphorical(隐喻的)one—i.e.money,success,powerorfame.TheBasicStoriesTheBasicStoriesGhostRider(2011)WhenthemotorcyclistJohnnyBlazefindsthathisfatherBartonBlazehasaterminalcancer,heacceptsanagreementwiththeDevil,givinghissoulforthehealthofhisbelovedfather.Butthedevildeceiveshim,andBartondiesinamotorcycleaccidentduringanexhibition.ThedevilproposesJohnnytoreleasehiscontractifhebecomethe"GhostRider"anddefeathisevilsonBlackheart,whowantstopossessonethousandevilsoulsandtransformhellonearth……GhostRider(2011)ExampleTheGreatGatsby(2013)BootleggerinProhibitionEraExampleTheGreatGatsby(2013)RomeoandJuliet

Theclassic“star-crossedlovers(命运不佳的情侣)”storyinwhichamajorobstacle

standsinthewayof

(阻挠）truelove.Tristan

Thelovetriangle:Amanlovesawoman,butoneofthemisalreadyinvolvedwithsomeone(orsomething)else.The“thirdparty”intherelationshipisusuallyaperson,butitmaybesomethingmoreabstract(e.g.acause,amission,adestiny).TheBasicStoriesTheBasicStories

Jay·Gatsby

DaisyTheGreatGatsby(2013)Nick

Jack

RoseSinking-ship/AccidentTitanic(1997)

Carl

ANDRomeo

Juliet

RomeoandJuliet(1996)Family

ANDSam

Molly

Ghost(1990)DEATH

ANDWillViolaShakespeareinLove(1998)

socialclassstatus

ANDRoy

Myra

WaterlooBridge(1940)WAR

TIMEBenjaminDaisy

TheCuriousCaseofBenjaminButton（2008）

Timing

Jack

EnnissocialandpsychologicalrestraintsBrokebackMountain（2005)

RoutineTed·Kramer

Joanna·KramerKramervs.Kramer(1979)

OrpheusThestoryofthegiftthatistakenaway.Thegiftcouldbesomethingpersonal,alovedone,anabilityofsomekind,everythingvaluableinlife,orevenlifeitself.Thestorycanfocusonthetragedyofthelossitselforthesearchthatfollowstheloss.TheWanderingJewThe“WanderingJew”isthestoryofthepersecuted（迫害）oralienatedtravelerwhowillneverreturnhome.，broadlyrefertothestoryofanindividualwhoisalienatedfromhissocietyandcanneverproperlyreintegrate.TheBasicStoriesTheBasicStoriesLifeofPi(2013)LifeofPi(2013)Example12yearsaslave(2013)Inthepre-CivilWarUnitedStates,

SolomonNorthup,afreeblackmanfromupstateNewYork,isabductedan