语法疏导专题培训市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

语法词法句法第1页第1页词法词类副词名词代词动词数词形容词构词法名词、冠词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、数词、介词、连词可数名词、不可数名词、名词所有格、名词单复数、专有名词人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、批示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、互相代词基数词、序数词、分数、百分数比较级、最高级比较级、最高级合成法、派生法、转化法、缩写和简写时态、语态、助动词、情态动词、非谓语、语调第2页第2页1指一类人或事，相称于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示“每一”相称于every，oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相称于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前，表示不结识此人或与某名人有类似性质人或事AMr.SmithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定词组中Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.冠词（一）不定冠词使用办法：第3页第3页1表示某一类人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上独一无二事物名词前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示说话双方都理解或上文提到过人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于乐器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”theGreens,theWangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛名词前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示创造物单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十复数数词之前，指世纪某个年代inthe1990’s11用于表示单位名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间词组前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.（二）不定冠词使用办法第4页第4页（三）零冠词使用办法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示职位，身份，头衔名词前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具名词前bytrain,byair,byland7以and连接两个相正确名词并用时husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指复数名词前Horsesareusefulanimals.第5页第5页1表示时间in,on,atat表示半晌时间，in表示一段时间，on总是与日子相关2表示时间since,fromsince指从过去到现在一段时间，和完毕时连用，from指从时间某一点开始3表示时间in,afterin指在一段时间之后，after表示某一详细时间点之后或用在过去时一段时间中4表示地理位置in,on,toin表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外5表示“在…上”on,inon只表示在某物表面上，in表示占去某物一部分6表示“穿过”through,acrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in相关，across表示在表面上通过，与on相关7表示“关于”about,onabout指涉及到，on指专门叙述8between与among区别between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上中间9besides与except区别besides指“除了…尚有再加上”，except指“除了，减去什么”，不放在句首10表示“用”in,withwith表示详细工具，in表示材料，方式，办法，度量，单位，语言，声音11as与like区别as意为“作为，以…地位或身份”，like为“象…同样”，指情形相同12in与into区别in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置惯用介词区别第6页第6页形容词和副词比较等级：形容词和副词比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most。同级比较时经常用as…as…以及notso(as)…as…如：Iamnotsogoodaplayerasyouare.2.可以修饰比较级词有：much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,still,yet,byfar,any,agreatdeal。3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“themore…themore…”句型。如：Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.4.用比较级来表达最高级意思。如：Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.5.表示倍数比较级有如下几种句型：Ourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanyours.OurschoolisfourtimesaslargeasyoursOurschoolisfourtimesthesizeofyours.6.表示“最高程度“形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite,excellent,extreme,perfect。第7页第7页动词动词基本形式非谓语动词动词时态普通现在时、普通过去时、普通未来时、过去未来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完毕时、过去完毕时、未来完毕时、现在完毕进行时、过去完毕进行时动词语态积极语态、被动语态动词种类系动词、助动词、情态动词、及物动词和不及物动词不定式（时态与语态）动名词（时态与语态）分词：现在分词（时态与语态）、过去分词

第8页第8页语态时态积极普通现在时普通过去时普通未来时过去未来时过去完毕时现在完毕时未来完毕时现在进行时过去进行时v./v.svedwill+vwould+v.had+Vp.phave/has+Vp.pwillhave+Vp.pam/is/are+Vingwas/were+Ving第9页第9页动词时态：1.现在完毕时与普通过去时区别：1)现在完毕时表示过去发生动作或存在情况，但和现在有联系，强调是对现在造成影响或结果，它不能同表示过去时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，阐明现在。如：Ihavealreadyreadthenovelwrittenbytheworld-famouswriter.(已经看过，且理解这本书内容)2)普通过去时只表示过去发生动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如：Ireadthenovellastmonth.(只阐明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)IlivedinBeijingfortenyears.（只阐明在北京住过十年，与现在无关）2.现在完毕时与现在完毕进行时区别：两者都能够表示“从过去开始始终连续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作结果时，多用现在完毕时，如着重表示动作始终在进行，即动作延续性时，则多用现在完毕进行时。普通不能用于进行时动词也不能用于现在完毕进行时。Ihavereadthatbook.我读过那本书了。Ihavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorning.我早上始终在读那本书。第10页第10页表示猜想情态动词使用办法

表示猜想是情态动词主要使用办法之一。Can,could,may,might,will,would,should,oughtto,must是惯用表示猜想情态动词。1.惯用句式和意义

couldmaymightwouldshouldoughttowillmust+动词原型现在/未来也许……想必现在/过去……;或

现在/过去也许…..表示未来一定/准会……现在/未来会……

现在/未来一定/必定……1)现在或未来第11页第11页haveV-ed

couldmaymight

wouldshouldoughttomust本来也许做,但未做过去一定/必定做……+表示过去应当做,但未做愿意做,但没做虚假语气couldcanneedshouldoughtto一定没有做+nothaveV-ed

没有必要干某事,但多出干了表示过去不应当做某事,但做了虚假语气第12页第12页普通式被动式进行式完毕式todo(not)todo(not)tobedone(not)tobedoing(not)tohavedoneV-ing(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdonedone(not)done主语宾语状语定语补足语表语插入语todotomakemattersworse,toputitmildly,totellthetruth,generallyspeaking,considering,allowingfor,judgingfromV-ingdone形式作用非谓语动词第13页第13页语法一致原则意义一致原则就近一致原则分类记忆规则联系语意解题主谓一致重点难点解题办法分类单个名词作主语集体名词,以-s结尾学科名词,常见不可数名词,复数名词,不可数名词详细化并列主语And连接名词表示一个人或物用单数，多个用复数；or,notonly…but,either…or,notsomuch…as..,neither…nor…,not…but;every/each/no/manya/morethanone…andevery量词做主语aquantityof,akindof,amountainof,apileof,aboxof,数词修饰主语much,anamountof,agreatdealof,lotsof,plentyof,therest,theremaining,themajorityof第14页第14页强调句句型（重难点）

句中加语调词等词汇来强调强调助动词do+V．助动词do形式随主语和时态而改变特殊疑问句式特殊疑问词＋be+it+that…?普通疑问句式（be动词放句首）反意疑问句式(必须和主句一致)强调句用在名词性从句中surely,really,certainly,definitely,utter,sheer,such,so等倒装句a.强调句子主语时，要与强调句谓语动词一致。b.表语普通不能用这一句型进行强调c.条件、让步状语从句不能强调d.强调because引导原因状语从句，但强调原因状语不能用as，since来引导e.可强调sothat引导目的状语从句，但不能强调sothat引导结果状语从句

f.对由until引起短语或从句，要注意否认前移注意陈说句句式Itis/was…that/who…第15页第15页种类倒装条件例句完全倒装here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头句子表示强调Outrushedthechildren.表示地点介词短语作状语位于句首Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfourchairs.强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡Presentatthemeetingwere1,000students.部分倒装never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,notuntil,not等表示否认意义副词放于句首HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.only和修饰状语放于句首OnlythendidherealizedtheimportanceofEnglish.notonly…butalso连接并列句子，前倒后不倒NotonlydoesheknowFrench,butalsoheisexpertatit.neither…nor…连接并列句子，前后都倒装NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.so…that,such…that中so或such及修饰成份放于句首时前倒后不倒Sobusyishethathecannotgoonaholiday.as引导让步状语Childasheis,hehaslearnedalot.so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适合用于另外人或事。Hecanplaythepiano.Socani.用于表示祝愿祈使句中Mayyoubeingoodhealth!省略if虚拟条件WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoitinthisway.第16页第16页If从句主句1.与现在事实相反过去式(be--were)Would/should/could+动词原形2.与过去事实相反过去完毕式Would/should/could+现在完毕时3.与未来事实相反WeretodoshoulddoWould/should/could+动词原形虚拟语调第17页第17页4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语调形式应作相应调整(混合时间)

①从句动作与过去事实相反，而主句动作与现在或现在正在发生事实不符。如：IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.假如我在学校学习刻苦话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.假如他们告知过我们话，我们现在就不会来这里了。

②从句动作与现在事实相反，而主句动作与过去事实不符。如：Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.假如他今天有空话，我们会已经派他去北京了。Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.要是他结识她话，他必定会去问候她了。

③从句动作与过去发生情况相反，而主句动作与现在正在发生情况相反。如：Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter.假如天不下太多雨话，庄家会长得更加好。Ifhehadbeenworkinghard,hewouldbeworkingintheofficenow.要是他工作始终努力话，他现在已进了办公室了。第18页第18页虚拟语调其它使用办法1、虚拟语调用在wish后宾语从句a、表示与现在事实相反愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg.IwishIhadyourbrains.我希望我有你那样头脑。(事实：我主线比不上你)b、表示与过去事实相反愿望，谓语动词：had+done(动词过去分词）eg:.IwishIhadknownthetruthofthematter.我希望我本来知道这件事真相。（事实：本来不知道）c、表示未来难以实现愿望谓语动词：should/would+动词原形

eg.IwishIshouldhaveachanceagain.我希望我还能有一次这样机会。（事实：很难再有这样机会了）(注：ifonly和asif/asthough也有相同使用办法）第19页第19页3、虚拟语调其它使用办法

1、一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order.command)四提议(advise.suggest.propose)五要求(demand.require.request.desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句谓语动词都用：“should+动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。在表示提议、命令、要求等含义宾语从句，谓语动词惯用虚拟语调，"should＋动词原形"构成，should可省略。如Hesuggestedthatwe(should)taketheteacher’sadviceHeinsistedthatwe(should)taketheteacher’sadviceHeorderedthatwe(should)taketheteacher’sadvice注：insist假如翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语调翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语调。如：Heinsistsheisastudent.他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语调。suggest意为“提议”才用虚拟语调，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语调。如：Hisfacesuggeststhathelooksworried.他表情暗含着他很紧张。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语调。表情绪.观点形容词或名词也要用虚拟语调.如:necessary.important.impossible.natural.strange.surprising.funny.right.wrong.better.apity等。句型：Itis.......that结构后主语从句，从句谓语动词都要用should+原型或只用动词原型。第20页第20页句法句子种类句子成份句子类型直接引语与间接引语简朴句并列句主从复合句六个基本句型宾语从句,表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句,状语从句,定语从句。陈说句（必定式、否认式）、疑问句（普通、特殊、选择、反意）、祈使句、感慨句主语、谓语、宾语、（直接宾语与间接宾语）表语、定语、状语第21页第21页名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句as引导9种时间、条件、原因、让步、目、结果、方式、比较、地点状语从句复合句关系词介词+关系词

介词+which/whom

介词+where/whose+n.

复合介词短语+which

介词+which=关系副词as与which引导非限制性定语从句区别

such…as/thesame…as

限制性与非限制性关系副词关系代词陈说语序引导词从属接连词that/whether,在句中不成份作连接代词

what/who/whom/whose/which/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语连接副词when/where/why/how/whenever/wherever/however在句中作状语分类第22页第22页定语从句定语从句起了形容词作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰词叫做先行词，引导定语从句词叫关系词，他作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成份，并与先行词保持数一致。关系词先行词从句成份例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常能够省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不能够用thatwhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..whose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人，物主语，宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语，宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语普通不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhichwhy原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich第23页第23页情况使用办法阐明例句只用that情况先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词既指人又指物时先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时句中已有who或which时，为了避免重复时1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom情况在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人在由“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.that与which,who,whom使用办法区别：

第24页第24页定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和thesame修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定语从句中as和which都能够指代前面整个主句。假如有“正如，象”含义，并能够放在主句前，也能够放在后面，那么用as；而which引导从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.as与which区别：

第25页第25页种类作用惯用关联词例句主语从句在复合句中做主语，相称于名词，普通置谓语之前，也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后that,whether,if,asif,asthough,who,whose,which,how,when,where,why,what,whatever,whoever,whereverWhetherhewillcomeornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Whoevercomesherewillbewelcome.表语从句在复合句中做表语，相称于名词，位于系动词之后Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.宾语从句在复合句中做宾语，相称于名词Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwinthegame.同位语从句放在名词之后(news,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,thought,hope,fact等)表明其详细内容Youhavenoideahowworriedweare.Thefactthatheliedagaingreatlysurprisedus.名词性从句第26页第26页种类连接词注意点时间状语when,whenever,while,as,before,after,until,till,bythetime,assoonas,hardly…when,nosooner…than,themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,instantly主句表示未来意义时，从句须用普通现在时；while引导从句中动词普通是延续性；until用在必定句中主句动词是延续性，而否认句中主句动词为短暂性。地点状语where,wherever原因状语because,as,since,nowthatbecause语调最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了原因，as又次之。条件状语if,unless,once,incase,aslongas,onconditionthat从句中动词时态不可用未来时，惯用普通时代替目的状语sothat,inorderthat,forfearthatsothat和inorderthat后常接may,should,could,would等情态动词结果状语so…that,such…that比较状语than,as…as,notso/as…as,themore…themore方式状语asif,asthough,asasif和asthough引导从句普通用虚拟语调。让步状语though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,nomatterwhat,whatever,nomatterwho,whoever,nomatterwhich,whichever,nomatterhow,however,nomatterwhen,wheneveras在让步状语从句中惯用倒装形式；although和though用正常语序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用第27页第27页类别使用办法例句If引导条件从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式（be用were）主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.与未来事实相反从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+不定式主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.其它状语从句asif引导状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完毕式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.inorderthat/sothat引导状语从句中动词用can/could/may/might/would等+动词原形Turnonthelightsothatwecanseeitclearly.宾语从句demand,suggest,order,insist后接从句中动词为should+动词原形Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.wish后从句中分别用过去式，过去完毕式和should/would+动词原形表示与现在，过去和未来情况相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.主语从句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…,Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.其它句型中Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形It’shightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接从句中动词用过去式或者过去完毕式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonly句型中动词惯用过去式或者过去完毕式，表示强烈愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!第28页第28页1.addto增长，增进add…to把…加进…addup相加addupto总计，所有这一切阐明1)Idon'tthinkthesefactswill________anything.2)Fiftynewbookshavebeen________thelibrary.3)Themusic_________ourenjoymentofthefilm.4)Youmusthavemadeamistakewhenyou_______thebill________.(addupto,addedto,addto,added…up)2.breakawayfrom打破，脱离，挣脱，改掉breakdown出毛病，身体(精神)衰弱，分解，拆开breakoff暂停，中断breakin强行进入，插话breakinto闯入breakintopieces成为碎片breakout爆发breakup捣碎，驱散，崩溃，学期结束，拆散breakthrough突破1)Thecriminalmanagedtobreak_____________thepoliceandranintothewoods.2)Whenheheardthenews,hebroke_______andcried.3)Don'tbreak________whileothersarespeaking.4)Whydon'tyoubreak________forafewminutesandhavesomecoffee?5)Whendoesschoolbreak________?6)Afterharvestwebreak_________thesoilwithatoolpulledbytwooxen.第29页第29页3.bringup抚养，呕吐，提出bringabout造成bringout拿出，出版bringin引入，引进，挣钱bringback使回想起bringdown使下降，使倒下1)Theshopkeeperbroughthisprice_________toonlyfivedollars.2)Theschoolhasbrought_________newforeignteacherstoteachoralEnglish.3)Thesongbrought___________happymemoriesofourschooldays.4)Doyouknowwhatbrought___________thismisunderstanding?5)Thekindoldmanagreedtobring__________theyoungorphan.6)Wedecidedtobringthematter___atthenextmeeting.7)Thewindbrought_______alotoftreeslastnight.8)Nextmonththeywillbring________aneweditionofthebook.(down,in,back,about,up,up,down,out)4.callon号召，拜访（某人）callat拜访、参观（某地）callfor去叫某人,要求,需要callup使回想起,征召入伍callin召集，请某人callout大喊，高叫calloff取消，不举办1)Doctorsareoftencalled_____inthemiddleofthewar.2)Pleasewaitformeathome.I'llcall_______youatyourhouseatseventonight.3)Thetrainscalls_______severalbigcitiesbetweenBeijingandGuangzhou.4)Hecalledhername__________,butshedidn'tanswer.5)Thesportsmeetwascalled____onaccountoftherain.(in,for,at,out,off)第30页第30页5.comeabout发生，出现comedown下跌，落，降，传下来comein进来comeinto(sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)comeon来临/快点comeout出版，结果是comealong一道来，赶紧cometo达到(anend/anagreement/astop)清醒，累计，总共是comeover走过来comeup发芽，走近comeacross偶然碰到comeback回想起comefrom来自，源自1)Icome_________thebookIlentyoulastmonth.2)Howdiditcome_________thatyoubothgotlost?Ithoughtyouhadamap.3)Itsuddenlycame_________tomewhereIhadseentheboybefore.4)Come__________now,orelseweshallbelate.5)Hecame__________melikeatiger.6)Thepriceofpetrolhascome_________sincethebeginningofthisyear.7)Thewordcame__________usemanyyearsago.8)Whentheexaminationresultcame_________,hehadalreadygotajob.9)Thebillcame__________overathousanddollars.10)Isowedtheseedsoveramonthago,buttheyhaven'tcome__________yet.(for,about,back,on,at,down,into,out,to,up)第31页第31页6.cutacross抄近路cutdown砍倒，削减cutoff切断，割掉，断绝关系cutup连根拔除，切碎through剪断，凿穿cutout删（省）掉，戒掉cutin插嘴1)Don'tcut___thistree.Itwillbeveryshadyinsummer.2)Youmustcut________thenumberofcigarettesyousmoke,oritwillcauseillne3)Wedecidedtocut_________themoor（旷野）tothevillage.4)Cuttingthetree____meanscuttingthetreeintopieces.5)Theelectricitywascut___________whentheladyrefusedtopaythebill.6)WewerehavingapleasantconversationwhenTomcut__________.（down,down,across,up,off,in）7.dieof(disease/hunger/grief/oldage)死于（疾病，饥饿，严寒，情感原因）diefrom死于（意外事故、情形）dieaway渐渐消逝dieout绝种diedown(炉火)渐熄dieoff逐一死去第32页第32页8.fallbehind落后falloverone'sfeet跌跤falldown掉下，跌倒fallback撤退，后退1)Babiesoftenfall_____whentheyarelearningtowalk.2)Ourteamseemstohavefallen__________theothers.3)Assoonastheenemiesfell__________,thepeoplereturnedtotheirvillage.4)Shefell__________thebenchandhadherlegbroken.（down,behind,back,over）9.goinfor从事，爱慕，参与gothrough通过，经受goover复习，检查goup（价格）上涨，建造起来goafter追捕，追赶goagainst违反goahead先行，开始吧，问吧，说吧goaway离开goby时间过去godown下沉，减少，（日、月）西沉goon(with)继续进行gowith相配，陪同gowithout没有，缺乏goout外出，熄goallout全力以赴gooff爆炸，进行，变坏，断电，停止供应gobackon背约，食言gobeyond超出1)Manynewfactorieshavegone__inthepastfewyears.2)Rentshavegone__________greatlyrecently.3)Manyyearshavegone___________sincewefirstmet.4)Let'scontinueourjourneyuntilthesungoes_______.5)Hisactionswent___________thewillofthepeople,6)Ican'tdoit,foritgoes___________myduty.7)Over100studentswent____________thisentranceexamination.8)Thebombwent____________andkilledtenpeople.9)Thebuyerwent___________thecarcarefullybeforereachingadecision.10)Thistiedoesn'tgo___________myblueshirt.11)Ifyouthinkyoucansolvetheproblem,go______.12)Manystudentswent__________playingbasketball.第33页第33页10.getdown下来，记下，使沮丧getdownto致力于，专心于geton进展，进步，穿上，上车getoff脱下,下车getin搜集，插（话）getaway逃跑，逃脱，去休假getover忘掉，越过，克服，从疾病中恢复getalongwith进展，相处getup起床getthrough打通电话，完毕，通过getround消息传开getclosetosth.靠近，几乎getinto(trouble)getto(know)getback取回，收回getout1)ShespokesofastthatIcouldn'tget____whathesaid.2)Wewillfindwaystoget_________difficulties.3)Thestoryhasgot__________,andeveryoneknowsaboutit.4)WhenIget_________withthereport,I'llgotothecinema.5)Afteradeliciousmealthetwomengot__________tobusiness.6)Don'talwaysget__________awordwhenothersarespeaking.7)Ittookmealongtimetoget___________suchanunpleasantexperience.(down,over,round,through,down,in,over)第34页第34页11.giveaway赠送，泄露，出卖giveout发出，疲劳，分发，公布giveoff发出（光、热、气体）givein(tosb.)屈服giveup放弃，让（座位）1)Hisaccentatlastgavehim__________.2)Theliquidgave________astrongsmell.3)Theheadmastergave___________thenamesoftheprize-winners.4)Thesoldiersgave_________thetowntotheenemies.5)Whowillhelpmetogivethebooks___________?6)Don'tbelieveinthosewhogivehisfriends________.7)Afteralongwalk,mystrengthgave____________.(away,off,out,up,out,away,out)12.handin交上，提交handout分发handdown流传，遗传13.hangabout闲逛hangup挂电话第35页第35页14.holdback制止，隐瞒holdup举起，使停止holdon别挂电话，等，坚持holdout连续，坚持，伸出holddown控制，弹压1)I'msureheisholdingsomething_________.2)Shemanagedtohold______heremotionuntilherguestshadleft.Thenshecried.3)Tellhimtohold________amoment.I'llcomesoon.4)Ourfoodsupplywon'thold_________formorethanafewdays.5)Thetrainwasheld________asaresultofthefloods.6)Thesemeasureshelpedtohold___________thecity'spopulation.7)Hold___________yourleftarm,please.15.keepup(courage,English,spirits)保持，keepupwith跟上keepoff(grass)不靠近，离开keepawayfrom避开，不靠近，离…远远keepoutofkeepto(rules,promise)坚持，遵守keepon继续，坚持下keepback制止，留下，隐瞒，扣下keepfrom克制，制止1)Theangryladytoldthestrangerstokeep________fromher.2)Icanhardlykeep________mytearsafterhearinghiswords.3)Onlypridekepther__________burstingintotears.4)Icanscarcelykeep__________askinghimwhathehasdone.5)"Don'ttouchme,"screamedthewoman,"Keep__________!"6)Keep_________untilyousucceed.7)Keep_________yourcourage,andyou'llsucceedintheend.8)Thethickcoatcankeepthecold___________.9)Alwaystrytokeep___________theruleswhenyouplayagame.10)Ican'tkeep________witheverythingyou'redoing.第36页第36页16.knockat/on敲knockinto撞到某人身上knockdown撞倒knockoutof把…敲出knockover撞倒knockoff停止工作，休息1)Theboxersoonknockedhisopponent_________.2)Theofficestuffknocks_________atsixeveryday.3)Tryknocking__________thewindowandseeifthereisanyoneindoors.4)Hewassoabsorbedinhisbookthatheknocked__________thecarparkedthere.(down,off,on,into)17.leavefor离开前往leaveout删去，漏掉leavebehind遗留,忘掉拿走leaveto留给，遗嘱赠于leaveover遗留，剩余，延期1)"Whosenamehasbeenleft__________?"demandedtheteacher.2)Whenhedied,heleftallhisproperty_____hisniece.3)Hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthisumbrella___________.4)Don'tleavethismatter_________untiltomorrow.5)Leavesomemeat___________fortomorrow.6)Thosearequestionsleft_________byhistory.(out,to,behind,over,over,over)第37页第37页18.lookup查找，向上看lookthrough翻阅，浏览lookon旁观lookon…as看作lookinto调查lookafter/at/for照料/看/寻找lookout(for)当心lookabout/around/round四下查看lookdownupon瞧不起lookbackupon回想，回顾looksb.upanddown仔细打量某人looksbintheface/eyes直视某人1)Ispenttwohourslooking______thestudents'papers.2)Look_______!Thereisabigholeinfront.3)Hetookpartinthegame,andtherestofusjustlooked______andcheeredforhim.4)Theoldmanlooked_____uponthedaysofhisyouth.5)Shewassosnobbish（势利）thatshelooked__________uponallhisneighbours.6)Thepolicepromisedtolook__________thecaseassoonaspossible.7)Helooked__________butsawnobody,andhelistenedbuthearnothing.(through,out,on,back,down,into,about/around/round)第38页第38页19.makeup编造，配制，打扮，构成makeupfor填补makeinto/of/from制成makeout弄懂，发觉，看出,填写，开列（清单）makefor走向，驶往，促使1)Canyoumakethislengthofcloth__________asuit?2)Iaskedthedriverifhewasmaking___________London?3)Myfathermade__________acheckformetobuythecamera.4)Wemustmaketheloss_________nextweek./Hetriedhardtomake________forthedamagehehaddone.5)Hemade__________astory,whichIfoundhardtobelieve.6)Someoneiscoming,butIcan'tmake___________whoitis.(into,for,out,up/up,up,out)20.passaway去世passby通过passdown(on)…to传给passthrough经历passover漠视，忽略1)Theoldclockhasbeenpassed________tomefrommygrandfather'sgrandfather.2)Themanpassed___________lastweekinpeace.3)Wearepassing____________difficulttimes.4)Thesecretarypassed___________thedetailsinthefirstpartofhisreport.(down,away,through,over)第39页第39页21.payback还钱，报复payfor付钱，为…受到处分，因…得到报应payoff还清1)Howmuchdidyoupay__________thedictionary?2)Youshouldpay_________themoneyyouborrowedfromme.3)I'llpayhim____________forallhiscrimes(罪行)againstme.4)Someday,you'llpay__________whatyouhavedonetoday.5)Hasshepay____________thedebtyet?（for,back,back,for,off）22.pickup捡起，取得(information)，接人，站起，收听，自然习得(language/knowledge)，恢复重获(pickuphealth)pickout挑选，辨认，看出1)Ipickedtheinformation__________whilewaitinginthequeue.2)Myfriendhasarrangedtopickme_________at6:00.3)Thepatienthaspicked_________healthduringthelasttwoweeks.4)Shepicked_______themostexpensivepairofshoes.5)Ican'tpickJohn___________inthecrowd.6)CanIpick__________VOAwiththisshort-waveradio?7)Hefelldownsuddenly,butpickedhimself___________quickly.(up,up,up,out,out,up,up)pickcotton/flower/leaves/words选词第40页第40页23.putup搭起，张贴，举起，安装，投宿，安排住下putupwith忍受putout伸出，扑灭putoff推迟putinto放进，翻译putaway放好，存钱putdown记下，平息puton穿戴，上映，增长(putonweight/speed)putforward提出，提前putthrough接通电话putaside放到一边putback放回1)Heput_________halfhiswageeveryweek.2)Thegovernmentsoonput__________therevolt（暴动）.3)Putyourwatch__________.It'sslow.4)Heput__________hishandformetoshake.5).Pleaseputme__________toExtension（分机）2.6)Weput___________fornightatthevillage